11.14/11.15 Apache和PHP结合 11.16/11.17 Apache默认虚拟主机
11.14 Apache和PHP结合（上）
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httpd主配置文件/usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf
- vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf //修改以下4个地方 ServerName Require all denied AddType application/x-httpd-php .php DirectoryIndex index.html index.php - /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t //测试语法- /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl start //启动服务- netstat -lntp - curl localhost- vim /usr/local/apache2.4/htodcs/test.php //增加如下内容 <?php echo 123; ?> curl localhost/test.php
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先打开httpd的配置文件
- [root@aminglinux-001 ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[root@aminglinux-001 ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[1]+ 已停止 vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@aminglinux-001 ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl restartAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using fe80::a152:bbdf:8b2b:db9b. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message httpd not running, trying to start [root@aminglinux-001 ~]# fgvim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf#ServerAdmin you@example.com## ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.## If your host doesn‘t have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.#ServerName www.example.com:80## Deny access to the entirety of your server‘s filesystem. You must# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # <Directory> blocks below.#<Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all denied </Directory>## Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow# particular features to be enabled - so if something‘s not working as# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it# below.#-- 插入 -- [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[1]+ 已停止 vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl restartAH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message httpd not running, trying to start /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl: 行 79: 2258 段错误 $HTTPD -k $ARGV [root@localhost ~]# fgvim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# fg-bash: fg: 当前: 无此任务 [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl restarthttpd not running, trying to start /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl: 行 79: 2262 段错误 $HTTPD -k $ARGV [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl restarthttpd not running, trying to start /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl: 行 79: 2266 段错误 $HTTPD -k $ARGV [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl stophttpd (no pid file) not running[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl start/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl: 行 79: 2272 段错误 $HTTPD -k $ARGV [root@localhost ~]# !vivim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl start[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux |grep httpdroot 2277 0.0 0.8 253580 8788 ? Ss 14:30 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start daemon 2278 0.0 1.1 540408 11008 ? Sl 14:30 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start daemon 2279 0.0 1.1 540408 11008 ? Sl 14:30 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start daemon 2282 0.0 1.1 540408 11008 ? Sl 14:30 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/httpd -k start root 2364 0.0 0.0 112680 976 pts/0 S+ 14:32 0:00 grep --color=auto httpd [root@localhost ~]#
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刚才把servername打开了 也就不再提示那个错误了 httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message httpd not running, trying to start
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这是第一处，第二处 Require all denied
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用网页访问地址192.168.202.131（本机ip）带不开，再用windowsping 下，是可以ping通，试下telnet 访问下80端口 使用telnet 192.168.202.131 80
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因为windows 并没有打开tenet的客户端，所以它会提示没有这个命令
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打开telnet客户端方式-打开控制面板-程序-程序和功能-打开或关闭windows功能
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使用telnet 192.168.202.131 80 结果是 C:\Users\Administrator.USER-20170629EN>telnet 192.168.202.131 80 正在连接192.168.202.131...无法打开到主机的连接。 在端口 80: 连接失败 80端口并不通，因为在linux服务器上并没有打开80端口
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使用iptables -nvL 看下规则
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -nvL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 660 54606 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED 1 80 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 25 1798 INPUT_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 25 1798 INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 25 1798 INPUT_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate INVALID 23 1686 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FORWARD_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FORWARD_IN_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FORWARD_OUT_ZONES all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 DROP all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate INVALID 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 545 packets, 76871 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 545 76871 OUTPUT_direct all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 FWDI_public all -- ens33 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] 0 0 FWDI_public all -- + * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] Chain FORWARD_IN_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 FWDO_public all -- * ens33 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] 0 0 FWDO_public all -- * + 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] Chain FORWARD_OUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD_direct (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDI_public (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 FWDI_public_log all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FWDI_public_deny all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FWDI_public_allow all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FWDI_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDI_public_deny (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDI_public_log (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDO_public (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 FWDO_public_log all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FWDO_public_deny all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 FWDO_public_allow all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain FWDO_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDO_public_deny (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FWDO_public_log (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT_ZONES (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 25 1798 IN_public all -- ens33 * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] 0 0 IN_public all -- + * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 [goto] Chain INPUT_ZONES_SOURCE (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain INPUT_direct (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain IN_public (2 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 25 1798 IN_public_log all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 25 1798 IN_public_deny all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 25 1798 IN_public_allow all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 1 60 ACCEPT icmp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 Chain IN_public_allow (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 52 ACCEPT tcp -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:22 ctstate NEW Chain IN_public_deny (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain IN_public_log (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT_direct (1 references) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination [root@localhost ~]# ；临时增加一条规则，允许80端口访问 [root@localhost ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT[root@localhost ~]#
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这个时候再来看网页 ，刷新下，显示可以了，能够访问了 It works ！
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再看下telenet 再试下，telnet 192.168.202.131 80 ，只要显示成这个样子说明80端口通了
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按ctrl + ] 再输quit 就退出来了
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再把那条规则删掉
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
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再来看看
卡死了，再加上规则，就可以了,浏览器也可以访问了
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT[root@localhost ~]#
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打开配置文件，把 Require all denied 改为 Require all granted
## Deny access to the entirety of your server‘s filesystem. You must# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # <Directory> blocks below.#<Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all denied</Directory> #<Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all granted</Directory># 之所有能网页上能访问，DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs" 指定了一个 <Directory "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs"> 后面有一个 Require all granted 如果把这个改成denied 肯定访问不了 AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Require all granted</Directory> 改为 # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # #Require all granted Require all denied</Directory>[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[root@localhost ~]# 改完配置，要做一个操作 重启，后者叫做 重新加载配置 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful， 这里告诉一个命令，用来检查配置文件语法是否正确/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t 结果是Syntax OK 就没问题，如果错了就会报错 [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK [root@localhost ~]#[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful[root@localhost ~]#
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再来运行下网页，
打不开了 -
所以这个地方需要改成granted，上面那个地方也是要改成granted
# # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Require all granted</Directory>
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还有这个地方也是
# Deny access to the entirety of your server‘s filesystem. You must# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # <Directory> blocks below.#<Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all granted</Directory>
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这是第二处，第三处，需要增加一行和php 相关的配置
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增加一行 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
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首先在胚子文件搜AddType，
# # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": 增加一行 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php,如果不增加php就没办法解析 # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #-- 插入 -- [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[root@localhost ~]# 还有一个地方，增加一个索引页 DirectoryIndex index.html index.php 打开一个网站 为什么不用输入inde.php 就可以访问呢？ 打开配置文件vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf 搜索Index， 在DirectoryIndex index.html后加入 index.php Require all granted</Directory>## DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory# is requested.#<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.php</IfModule>## The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being -- 插入 -- 检查 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t 重新加载 /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful[root@localhost ~]#
11.15 Apache和PHP结合（下）
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先来验证一下apache 到底支不支持 php呢
[root@aminglinux-001 ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs/1.php [root@aminglinux-001 ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs/1.php<?php phpinfo();?>~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :wq
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保存之后，用浏览器打开访问一下
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这个页面可以出来，说明你的php 支持解析了，如果不能出来，会是什么样的呢？
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比如说我们没有加AddType 这一行，把它注释掉 # AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful [root@localhost ~]#
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再来看下，打不开，
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如果解析不了，需要检查一下你的apache文件，都检查哪几项呢？
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1.第一项/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -M 看看有没有加载php5_module (share)php5的模块
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2.如果没有加载要看一看有没有这个模块 ls /usr/local/apache2.4/modules/libphp5.so 有没有这个文件，如果有文件并没有显示那就查看配置文件里面有没有加载这个libphp5.so 的这一行配置，如果没有肯定不能解析的
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -MLoaded Modules: core_module (static) so_module (static) http_module (static) mpm_event_module (static) authn_file_module (shared) authn_core_module (shared) authz_host_module (shared) authz_groupfile_module (shared) authz_user_module (shared) authz_core_module (shared) access_compat_module (shared) auth_basic_module (shared) reqtimeout_module (shared) filter_module (shared) mime_module (shared) log_config_module (shared) env_module (shared) headers_module (shared) setenvif_module (shared) version_module (shared) unixd_module (shared) status_module (shared) autoindex_module (shared) dir_module (shared) alias_module (shared) php5_module (shared) [root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/modules/libphp5.so /usr/local/apache2.4/modules/libphp5.so [root@localhost ~]#
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如果没有模块，看下配置文件有没有LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so 这一行配置
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so#LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so<IfModule unixd_module> #
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3.接下来检查你的配置文件，有没有加这一行AddType application/x-httpd-php .php 注意这个地方 有个空格，没加空格就说明有问题
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有问题是可以检查出来的，使用命令/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t 如果显示结果是Syntnx OK
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4.还有一步 就是这个index.php，这一行加不加倒也不影响，为什么要加这个呢，因为在访问一个网站的时候 有时候并没有输入www.aplearn.com/index.php 正常的这才是真正的地址，但是不加/index.php 也可以访问，就是有这个索引页index.php，就是定义了一个index
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful [root@localhost ~]#
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再来看看
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现在来试试这个php7 ，不要php5 了，进入配置文件，搜索libphp
#LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.soLoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so<IfModule unixd_module>## If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run# httpd as root initially and it will switch. ## User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for# running httpd, as with most system services.#User daemonGroup daemon</IfModule># ‘Main‘ server configuration#:wq [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful [root@localhost ~]#
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快捷键ctrl r 再输入命令相关词，可以快速帮你找到命令历史里相关的 命令
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再打开网页，也是可以的
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咱们看到的这个网页和/usr/local/php7/bin/php -i |less 看到的结果基本一致的，只不过一个是图形化表格化 格式，一个是文本文件格式
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/php7/bin/php -i |less phpinfo() PHP Version => 7.1.6System => Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Nov 22 16:42:41 UTC 2016 x86_64 Build Date => Oct 5 2017 23:52:17Configure Command => ‘./configure‘ ‘--prefix=/usr/local/php7‘ ‘--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apxs‘ ‘--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc‘ ‘--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql‘ ‘--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config‘ ‘--with-libxml-dir‘ ‘--with-gd‘ ‘--with-jpeg-dir‘ ‘--with-png-dir‘ ‘--with-freetype-dir‘ ‘--with-iconv-dir‘ ‘--with-zlib-dir‘ ‘--with-bz2‘ ‘--with-openssl‘ ‘--with-mcrypt‘ ‘--enable-soap‘ ‘--enable-gd-native-ttf‘ ‘--enable-mbstring‘ ‘--enable-sockets‘ ‘--enable-exif‘Server API => Command Line Interface Virtual Directory Support => enabled Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /usr/local/php7/etc Loaded Configuration File => (none) Scan this dir for additional .ini files => (none) Additional .ini files parsed => (none) PHP API => 20160303PHP Extension => 20160303Zend Extension => 320160303Zend Extension Build => API320160303,TS PHP Extension Build => API20160303,TS Debug Build => no Thread Safety => enabled Zend Signal Handling => enabled Zend Memory Manager => enabled Zend Multibyte Support => provided by mbstring IPv6 Support => enabled DTrace Support => disabled Registered PHP Streams => https, ftps, compress.zlib, compress.bzip2, php, file, glob, data, http, ftp, phar Registered Stream Socket Transports => tcp, udp, unix, udg, ssl, sslv3, tls, tlsv1.0, tlsv1.1, tlsv1.2Registered Stream Filters => zlib.*, bzip2.*, convert.iconv.*, mcrypt.*, mdecrypt.*, string.rot13, string.toupper, string.tolower, string.strip_tags, convert.*, consumed, dechunk This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine: Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies :
11.16 Apache 默认虚拟主机 （上）
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概念：域名（主机名）、DNS、解析域名、hosts
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任何一个域名解析到这台机器，都可以访问的虚拟主机就是默认虚拟主机
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vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf //搜索httpd-vhost，去掉#
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vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf //改为如下
<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin admin@aminglinux.com DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/aming.com" ServerName aming.com ServerAlias www.aming.com ErrorLog "logs/aming.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/aming.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/www.123.com" ServerName www.123.com</VirtualHost>
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/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl –t
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/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl graceful
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一台服务器可以访问多个网站，多个域名 ，每个网站都是一个虚拟主机
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假如你的网站既能访问百度 有可以访问谷歌，同时都在一台服务器上运行，就用了一个httpd的服务，这个就是一个网站 多个域名，每个域名对应着一个虚拟主机
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/DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs"
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<Directory "/usr/local/apache2.4/htdocs"> 这个参数定义了 这个网站的根目录在那里，域名就是上面的ServerNmae www.exaple.com ：80 我用ip 也可以访问它，用www.aminglinux.com 也能访问它
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先教大家在windows下怎么去写hosts
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C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 这个和咱们的linux下的hosts 相似，可以在里面定义一个ip 定义一个域名，然后让这个域名指向到这个ip去，打开方式用记事本
# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. ## This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. ## This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. ## Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a ‘#‘ symbol. ## For example: ## 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost# ::1 localhost
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在这里里面加上 192.168.202.131 www.abc.com www.123.com
# # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server# 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host192.168.202.131 www.abc.com # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost
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到底能不能指向这个192.168.202.131 呢，保存下这个文件
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格式 先ip 域名 空格 域名 可以写多个，一行里面可以有多个域名
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正常情况下不写这个hosts
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再来访问下
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这ip 61.132.13.130 很明显是一个公网ip，上面那个之所以可以访问到192。168.202.131那里是因为我们写了hosts，我们指向了这个ip 这个就是hosts 的作用，它的目的是就让你临时访问到一个服务器上去，比如上面的www.abc.com 或者 123.com
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把这个域名指向到这台机器上去，这个是在什么情况下用呢，是在DNS 还没有生效的情况下
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我们这个并没有在httpd 的配置文件上去定义，仅仅在ServerNamewww.example.com ，这个叫做 apache的默认主机 任何一个域名 只要是指定要这个ip，它都会访问到这个站点，那这个站点就叫做默认虚拟主机
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如果你没有做任何的操作，仅仅是使用了httpd.conf
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搜索这个extra 找到Virtual hosts #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhost.conf 把这行#去掉
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf # Virtual hostsInclude conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV) #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf:wq
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打开一个二级配置文件就，这个既是虚拟主机配置文件，在这个配置文件里 可以定义多个ServerName ，vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhoust-conf 虚拟主机配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Virtual Hosts## Required modules: mod_log_config # If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # Virtual Hosts## Required modules: mod_log_config # If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your # machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations # use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn‘t need to worry about # IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below. ## Please see the documentation at # <URL: # for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts. ## You may use the command line option ‘-S‘ to verify your virtual host# configuration. ## VirtualHost example: # Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container. # The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block. #<VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/docs/dummy-host.example.com" ServerName dummy-host.example.com ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common</VirtualHost><VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2.4/docs/dummy-host2.example.com" ServerName dummy-host2.example.com ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error_log"
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改下这个配置文件
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每一个这个都代表这一个主机，一个主机就是一个网站
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现在要想给它区分开，就得打开虚拟主机配置文件，打开之后做一个更改
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DocumentRoot 这个用来定义你网站的更目录在哪里
<VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/abc.com" ServerName abc.com ServerAlias www.abc.com www.123.com ErrorLog "logs/abc.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/abc.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/data/wwwroot/111.com" ServerName 111.com ServerAlias www.example.com ErrorLog "logs/111.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/111.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> :wq
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/ [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/abc.com [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/wwwroot/111.com [root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vim /data/wwwroot/abc.com/index.php<?php echo "abc.com";~ ~ [root@localhost ~]# vim /data/wwwroot/abc.com/index.php [root@localhost ~]# vim /data/wwwroot/111.com/index.php<?php ehco "111.com";~ ~
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -tSyntax OK [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful[root@localhost ~]#
11.17 Apache 默认虚拟主机 （下）
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新的命令curl -x
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如果不绑定hosts 去ping www.abc.com，会访问到外网上去，
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.abc.comPING abc.com (199.181.132.250) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 199.181.132.250 (199.181.132.250): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=238 ms 64 bytes from 199.181.132.250 (199.181.132.250): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=241 ms 64 bytes from 199.181.132.250 (199.181.132.250): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=236 ms 64 bytes from 199.181.132.250 (199.181.132.250): icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=237 ms 64 bytes from 199.181.132.250 (199.181.132.250): icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=236 ms ^C --- abc.com ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 6519ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 236.087/238.031/241.597/1.958 ms [root@localhost ~]#
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vim /etc/hosts 文件
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还可以用curl -x192。168.202.131：80 abc.com
- [root@localhost ~]# curl -x192.168.202.131:80 abc.comabc.com[root@localhost ~]# curl -x192.168.202.131:80 www.abc.comabc.com[root@localhost ~]# curl -x192.168.202.131:80 www.abcd.comabc.com[root@localhost ~]# curl -x192.168.202.131:80 www.abcde.comabc.com[root@localhost ~]#
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无论你输入任何一个域名都指向到192.168.202.131，它都会访问到htdocs下面
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无论你访问什么域名 ，只要揭晓到这个ip，都会访问到abc.com 默认的虚拟主机就是abc.com
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再来访问一个example
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1.在主配置文件当中，httpd.conf里面打开了虚拟主机配置文件，这时候虚拟主机配置文件生效了，主配置文件里定义的 失效
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2，虚拟主机配置文件一旦单开，里面可以定义多个vir host，每一个virtural host 都docunmentroot ，以及servername ，每一个vir host 杜代表一个站点，都代表一个虚拟主机
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默认虚拟主机，无论任何域名解析到这个ip 上，都会去访问默认虚拟主机
