SpringMVC入门
一、 什么是springMVC?
Spring Web MVC是一种基于Java的实现了MVC设计模式的、请求驱动类型的、轻量级Web框架。
二、 SpringMVC处理请求的流程
1 首先用户发送请求-->DispatherServlet
2 DispatcherServlet-->HandlerMapping
3 DispatcherServlet-->HandlerAdapter
4 HandlerAdapter-->处理器功能处理方法的调用
5 ModelAndView的逻辑视图名-->ViewRecolver
6 View-->渲染
7 返回控制权给DispatcherServlet，由DispatcherServlet返回呼应给用户，流程结束
三、 SpringMVC核心开发步骤
1 DispatcherServlet在web.xml中的部署描述，从而拦截请求到springMVC
2 HandlerMapping的配置，从而将请求映射到处理器
3 HandlerAdapter的配置，从而支持多种类型的处理器
4 处理器(页面控制器)的配置，从而刊行功能处理
5 ViewResolver的配置，从而将逻辑视图名解析为具体的视图技术
四、 SpringMVC的组件
1 前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
2 请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping)
3 处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)
4 视图解析器(ViewResolver)
5 处理器或页面控制器(Controller)
6 验证器(Validator)
6 命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象)
7 表单对象(Form Object提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象)
五、 如何在项目中添加springmvc
1.添加pom依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<tomcat-jsp-api.version>8.0.47</tomcat-jsp-api.version> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId> <version>${tomcat-jsp-api.version}</version> </dependency>
2 在WEB-INF下添加springmvc-servlet.xml(spring-mvc.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd"> <!-- 通过context:component-scan元素扫描指定包下的控制器--> <!--1) 扫描com.javaxl.zf及子子孙孙包下的控制器(扫描范围过大，耗时)--> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> <context:component-scan base-package="com.psy"/> <!--2) 此标签默认注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter --> <!--两个bean，这两个bean是spring MVC为@Controllers分发请求所必须的。并提供了数据绑定支持，--> <!--@NumberFormatannotation支持，@DateTimeFormat支持，@Valid支持，读写XML的支持（JAXB），读写JSON的支持（Jackson）--> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <!--3) ViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- viewClass需要在pom中引入两个包：standard.jar and jstl.jar --> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property> <property name="prefix" value="/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> <!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 --> <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>--> <!-- <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>--> <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>--> </beans>
3 修改web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" version="3.1"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 读取Spring上下文的监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Spring和web项目集成end --> <!-- 防止Spring内存溢出监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 中文乱码处理 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步--> <async-supported>true</async-supported> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Spring MVC servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--此参数可以不配置，默认值为：/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml--> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <!--web.xml 3.0的新特性，是否支持异步--> <async-supported>true</async-supported> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
六、SpringMVC五种结果集处理
HelloController：
package com.psy.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /** * 关于结果集处理分五种情况 * 1、转发到页面(webapp下) * 2、转发到action请求 * 3、重定向页面（webapp下） * 4、重定向到action * 5、转发到web-inf下的页面 */ @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("hello") public String hello(HttpServletRequest request){ request.setAttribute("msg","转发到页面的方式"); return "hello"; } /** * 重定向到action中 * @param request * @return */ @RequestMapping("hello2") public String redirectPage(HttpServletRequest request){ request.setAttribute("msg","重定向到action的方式"); return "redirect:hello"; } /** * 重定向到页面 * @param request * @return */ @RequestMapping("hello3") public String redirectPage2(HttpServletRequest request){ Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg"); return "redirect:/hello.jsp"; } @RequestMapping("hello4") public String forwardAction(HttpServletRequest request){ request.setAttribute("msg","重定向到action的方式"); return "forward:hello3"; } @RequestMapping("hello5") public String forwardAction2(HttpServletRequest request){ request.setAttribute("msg","转发访问安全页面"); return "en"; } }
使用第五种转发到web-inf下的页面要注意更改springmvc-servlet.xml下的
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/"/>
七、springMVC增删改查
BookController：
package com.psy.controller; import com.psy.model.Book; import com.psy.service.Bookservice; import com.psy.util.PageBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController { @Autowired private Bookservice bookService; @RequestMapping("/list") public String list(Book book, HttpServletRequest request){ PageBean pageBean = new PageBean(); pageBean.setRequest(request); List<Map> list = this.bookService.listPager(book, pageBean); request.setAttribute("bookList",list); request.setAttribute("pageBean",pageBean); return "bookList"; } @RequestMapping("/preSave") public String preSave(Book book, HttpServletRequest request){ if(book.getBid()!=null){ Book b = this.bookService.selectByPrimaryKey(book.getBid()); request.setAttribute("b",b); } return "bookEdit"; } @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(Book book, HttpServletRequest request){ this.bookService.insert(book); return "redirect:/book/list"; } @RequestMapping("/del/{bid}") public String del(@PathVariable(value = "bid") Integer bid, HttpServletRequest request){ this.bookService.deleteByPrimaryKey(bid); return "redirect:/book/list"; } @RequestMapping("/edit") public String edit(Book book, HttpServletRequest request){ this.bookService.updateByPrimaryKey(book); return "redirect:/book/list"; } }
bookList.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ taglib uri="/zking" prefix="z" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function add(){ // window.location.href = "bookEdit.jsp"; window.location.href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave"; } function update(bid){ window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/preSave?bid="+bid; } function del(bid){ window.location.href = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/"+bid; } </script> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/bookAction.action?methodName=list" method="post"> 书名：<input type="text" name="bname"> <input type="submit" value="确定"> </form> <button onclick="add();">新增</button> <table border="1" width="100%"> <tr> <td>编号</td> <td>名称</td> <td>价格</td> <td>操作</td> </tr> <c:forEach items="${bookList }" var="b"> <tr> <td>${b.bid }</td> <td>${b.bname }</td> <td>${b.price }</td> <td> <button onclick="update(${b.bid });">修改</button> <button onclick="del(${b.bid });">删除</button> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </table> <z:page pageBean="${pageBean }"></z:page> </body> </html>
bookEdit.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> <script type="text/javascript"> function doSubmit(bid){ var bookForm = document.getElementById("bookForm"); if(bid){ //修改时候执行 bookForm.action = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/edit'; }else{ //新增时候执行 bookForm.action = '${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/add'; } bookForm.submit(); } </script> </head> <body> <form id="bookForm" action="" method="post"> bid:<input type="text" name="bid" value="${b.bid }"><br> bname:<input type="text" name="bname" value="${b.bname }"><br> price:<input type="text" name="price" value="${b.price }"><br> <input type="submit" value="提交" onclick="doSubmit('${b.bid }');"><br> </form> </body> </html>
PageTag:
package com.psy.util; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import java.util.Set; public class PageTag extends BodyTagSupport { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; private PageBean pageBean; public PageBean getPageBean() { return pageBean; } public void setPageBean(PageBean pageBean) { this.pageBean = pageBean; } @Override public int doStartTag() throws JspException { JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut(); try { out.print(toHTML()); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return super.doStartTag(); } private String toHTML() { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); /* * 拼接向后台提交数据的form表单 * 注意：拼接的form表单中的page参数是变化的，所以不需要保留上一次请求的值 */ sb.append("<form id='pageBeanForm' action='"+pageBean.getUrl()+"' method='post'>"); sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='page'>"); Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = pageBean.getMap(); if(parameterMap != null && parameterMap.size() > 0) { Set<Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = parameterMap.entrySet(); for (Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) { if(!"page".equals(entry.getKey())) { String[] values = entry.getValue(); for (String val : values) { sb.append("<input type='hidden' name='"+entry.getKey()+"' value='"+val+"'>"); } } } } sb.append("</form>"); /* * 展示的分页条 */ sb.append("<div style='text-align: right; font-size: 12px;'>"); sb.append("每页"+pageBean.getRows()+"条，共"+pageBean.getTotal()+"条，第"+pageBean.getPage()+"页，共"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"页 <a href='javascript:gotoPage(1)'>首页</a> <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getPreivousPage()+")'>上一页</a> <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getNextPage()+")'>下一页</a> <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:gotoPage("+pageBean.getMaxPage()+")'>尾页</a> <input type='text'"); sb.append(" id='skipPage'"); sb.append(" style='text-align: center; font-size: 12px; width: 50px;'> <a"); sb.append(" href='javascript:skipPage()'>Go</a>"); sb.append("</div>"); /* * 给分页条添加与后台交互的js代码 */ sb.append("<script type='text/javascript'>"); sb.append(" function gotoPage(page) {"); sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').page.value = page;"); sb.append(" document.getElementById('pageBeanForm').submit();"); sb.append(" }"); sb.append(" function skipPage() {"); sb.append(" var page = document.getElementById('skipPage').value;"); sb.append(" if(!page || isNaN(page) || parseInt(page)<1 || parseInt(page)>"+pageBean.getMaxPage()+"){"); sb.append(" alert('请输入1~N的数字');"); sb.append(" return;"); sb.append(" }"); sb.append(" gotoPage(page);"); sb.append(" }"); sb.append("</script>"); return sb.toString(); } }
八、springMVC静态资源处理
如何访问静态资源
在Springmvc-servlet.xml中添加：
<!--4) 单独处理图片、样式、js等资源 --> <!--<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>--> <mvc:resources location="/static/" mapping="/static/**"/> <!--<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>-->
