[Linux] traceroute 路由跟踪指令用例
traceroute是用来跟踪数据包到达网络主机所经过的路由工具。在Linux系统中，称之为traceroute，在Windows中称为tracert。
一条路径上的每个设备traceroute要测3次。输出结果中包含每次测试的时间(ms)和设备的名称及其IP。
1、命令格式：traceroute [参数] [主机]
2、常用命令参数：
-n 直接使用IP地址而非主机名称
-m 设置数据包的最大存活数TTL的大小
-p 设置UDP传输协议的通信端口
-q 设置探测包的个数
3、使用实例
命令：traceroute www.baidu.com
1 [root@CentOS-7 shu]# traceroute www.baidu.com 2 traceroute to www.baidu.com (14.215.177.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 3 1 10.18.242.125 (10.18.242.125) 4.081 ms 3.981 ms 4.666 ms 4 2 192.168.253.22 (192.168.253.22) 3.174 ms 3.788 ms 3.738 ms 5 3 192.168.253.5 (192.168.253.5) 27.642 ms 27.620 ms 27.581 ms 6 4 * * *
命令：traceroute -m 10 www.baidu.com 跳数设置
1 [root@CentOS-7 shu]# traceroute -m 10 www.baidu.com 2 traceroute to www.baidu.com (14.215.177.39), 10 hops max, 60 byte packets 3 1 10.18.242.125 (10.18.242.125) 6.263 ms 6.133 ms 6.187 ms 4 2 192.168.253.22 (192.168.253.22) 3.555 ms 3.454 ms 4.203 ms 5 3 192.168.253.5 (192.168.253.5) 22.571 ms 23.238 ms 23.737 ms 6 4 * * * 7 5 * * * 8 6 * * * 9 7 * * * 10 8 * * * 11 9 * * * 12 10 * * * 13 [root@CentOS-7 shu]#
命令：traceroute -n 132.121.86.3 显示IP地址，不查主机名
1 [opan@op1 ~]$ sudo ssh 132.121.88.181
2 [root@nagios ~]# traceroute -n 132.121.86.3
3 traceroute to 132.121.86.3 (132.121.86.3), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
4 1 132.121.88.254 14.634 ms 14.056 ms 13.639 ms
5 2 * * *
6 3 * * *
7 4 * * *
命令：traceroute -p 6888 www.baidu.com 探测包使用基本UDP端口设置6888
1 [root@CentOS-7 shu]# traceroute -p 6888 www.baidu.com 2 traceroute to www.baidu.com (14.215.177.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 3 1 10.18.242.125 (10.18.242.125) 6.660 ms 7.026 ms 7.904 ms 4 2 192.168.253.22 (192.168.253.22) 3.838 ms 3.789 ms 3.735 ms 5 3 192.168.253.5 (192.168.253.5) 2.282 ms 2.915 ms 3.570 ms 6 4 * * *
命令：traceroute -q 4 www.baidu.com 探测包的个数设置为4
1 [root@CentOS-7 shu]# traceroute -q 4 www.baidu.com 2 traceroute to www.baidu.com (14.215.177.39), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 3 1 10.18.242.125 (10.18.242.125) 5.458 ms 6.021 ms 7.104 ms 7.015 ms 4 2 192.168.253.22 (192.168.253.22) 4.377 ms 4.332 ms 4.272 ms 4.202 ms 5 3 192.168.253.5 (192.168.253.5) 2.150 ms 2.100 ms 2.043 ms 2.527 ms 6 4 * * * *
windows之tracert：
1 C:\Users\Administrator>tracert www.58.com 2 3 Tracing route to www.58.com [221.187.111.30] 4 over a maximum of 30 hops: 5 6 1 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 10.58.156.1 7 2 1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 10.10.10.1 8 3 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 211.103.193.129 9 4 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 10.255.109.129 10 5 1 ms 1 ms 3 ms 124.205.98.205 11 6 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 124.205.98.253 12 7 2 ms 6 ms 1 ms 202.99.1.125 13 8 5 ms 6 ms 5 ms 118.186.0.113 14 9 207 ms * * 118.186.0.106 15 10 8 ms 6 ms 11 ms 124.238.226.201 16 11 6 ms 7 ms 6 ms 219.148.19.177 17 12 12 ms 12 ms 16 ms 219.148.18.117 18 13 14 ms 17 ms 16 ms 219.148.19.125 19 14 13 ms 13 ms 12 ms 202.97.80.113 20 15 * * * Request timed out. 21 16 12 ms 12 ms 17 ms bj141-147-82.bjtelecom.net [219.141.147.82] 22 17 13 ms 13 ms 12 ms 202.97.48.2 23 18 * * * Request timed out. 24 19 14 ms 14 ms 12 ms 221.187.224.85 25 20 15 ms 13 ms 12 ms 221.187.104.2 26 21 * * * Request timed out. 27 22 15 ms 17 ms 18 ms 221.187.111.30 28 29 Trace complete.
