Android 9.0 系统启动流程

本篇文章主要介绍 Android 开发中的部分知识点,通过阅读本篇文章,您将收获以下内容:

一、启动流程概述
二、Android启动分析
三、init 进程启动分析
四、init 启动脚本分析
五、init 进程分析
六、init 脚本执行
七、init 进程守护
八、init rc 脚本启动Zygote
九、启动分析小结

一、 启动流程概述

Android启动流程跟 Linux启动类似,大致分为如下五个阶段。

  • 1.开机上电,加载固化的ROM
  • 2.加载BootLoader,拉起Android OS
  • 3.加载Uboot,初始外设,引导Kernel启动等。
  • 4.启动Kernel,加载驱动,硬件。
  • 5.启动Android,挂载分区,加载驱动、服务,init进程等。

Android系统启动大致过程如下:

Android 启动过程

 

由于水平有限,无法深入了理解驱动层代码,本文主要对 Android上层启动流程进行分析。

二、Android启动分析

Uboot启动Kernel完成系统设置后,会首先在系统中寻找init.rc文件(文件多存放在/system/core/init目录下),并启动init进程。

Android启动 主要包含如下两种

  • 1.启动脚本
  • 2.Zygote 启动

Android 启动分析主要内容如下:

Android 启动分析

三、init 进程启动分析

Init进程是是Android启动的第一个进程,进程号为1,是Android的系统启动的核心进程,主要用来创建Zygote、属性服务等。源码主要存在\system\core\init目录下。

常见init.xxx.rc 进程如下:

常见init.xxx.rc 进程

 

init 进程的入口 main 函数
init.cpp 中的main 函数,是init进程的入口函数(代码路径:\system\core\init\init.cpp)

main 函数主要做的事情

1.创建挂载启动所需的文件系统(tmpfs、 devpts、 proc、 sysfs、 selinuxfs等)
2.初始化并启动属性服务
3.解析init.rc 脚本配置文件,并启动Zygote 进程。

init 进程

 

init.cpp main 函数实现代码如下:

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "watchdogd")) {
        //启动看门狗函数
        return watchdogd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
        InitKernelLogging(argv);
        const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
        return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
    }

    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
    }

    bool is_first_stage = (getenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE") == nullptr);

    //启动第一阶段
    if (is_first_stage) {
        boot_clock::time_point start_time = boot_clock::now();

        // 清理 umask.
        umask(0);

        clearenv();
        setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1);

        // 在RAM内存上获取基本的文件系统,剩余的被 rc 文件所用
        mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755");
        mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755);
        mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755);
        mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL);
        #define MAKE_STR(x) __STRING(x)
        mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=2,gid=" MAKE_STR(AID_READPROC));
        // 非特权应用不能使用 Android 命令行
        chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440);
        gid_t groups[] = { AID_READPROC };
        setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups);
        mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL);
        mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL);

        mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11));

        if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
            mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11));
        }

        mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8));
        mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9));

        // Mount staging areas for devices managed by vold
        // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/devices/storage/
        mount("tmpfs", "/mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
              "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=1000");
        //创建可供读写的 vendor目录
        mkdir("/mnt/vendor", 0755);

        // 在/dev目录下挂载好 tmpfs 以及 kmsg 
        // 这样就可以初始化 /kernel Log 系统,供用户打印log
        InitKernelLogging(argv);

        LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";

        if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
        }

        SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();

        // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote).
        global_seccomp();

        // 优先加载selinux log系统, 紧接着初始化selinux
        SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
        SelinuxInitialize();

        // 添加 selinux 是否启动成功的log
        if (selinux_android_restorecon("/init", 0) == -1) {
            PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /init failed";
        }

        setenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE", "true", 1);

        static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6;
        uint64_t start_ms = start_time.time_since_epoch().count() / kNanosecondsPerMillisecond;
        setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1);

        char* path = argv[0];
        char* args[] = { path, nullptr };
        execv(path, args);

        // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
        // panic and never fall through this conditional.
        PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
    }

    //启动第二阶段
    InitKernelLogging(argv);
    LOG(INFO) << "init second stage started!";

    // Set up a session keyring that all processes will have access to. It
    // will hold things like FBE encryption keys. No process should override
    // its session keyring.
    keyctl_get_keyring_ID(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, 1);

    // Indicate that booting is in progress to background fw loaders, etc.
    close(open("/dev/.booting", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000));
    //初始化属性
    property_init();

    // If arguments are passed both on the command line and in DT,
    // properties set in DT always have priority over the command-line ones.
    process_kernel_dt();
    process_kernel_cmdline();

    // Propagate the kernel variables to internal variables
    // used by init as well as the current required properties.
    export_kernel_boot_props();

    // Make the time that init started available for bootstat to log.
    property_set("ro.boottime.init", getenv("INIT_STARTED_AT"));
    property_set("ro.boottime.init.selinux", getenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK"));

    // Set libavb version for Framework-only OTA match in Treble build.
    const char* avb_version = getenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");
    if (avb_version) property_set("ro.boot.avb_version", avb_version);

    // 清空设置的环境变量
    unsetenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE");
    unsetenv("INIT_STARTED_AT");
    unsetenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK");
    unsetenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");

    // 设置第二阶段的selinux
    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
    SelabelInitialize();
    SelinuxRestoreContext();
    //创建 epoll 句柄
    epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
    if (epoll_fd == -1) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << "epoll_create1 failed";
    }
    //设置 子进程处理函数
    sigchld_handler_init();

    if (!IsRebootCapable()) {
        // If init does not have the CAP_SYS_BOOT capability, it is running in a container.
        // In that case, receiving SIGTERM will cause the system to shut down.
        InstallSigtermHandler();
    }

    LoadRscRoProps();
    property_load_boot_defaults();
    export_oem_lock_status();
    //启动属性服务
    start_property_service();
    //为USB存储设置udc Contorller, sys/class/udc
    set_usb_controller();

    const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
    Action::set_function_map(&function_map);

    subcontexts = InitializeSubcontexts();

    ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
    ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance();

    LoadBootScripts(am, sm);

    // Turning this on and letting the INFO logging be discarded adds 0.2s to
    // Nexus 9 boot time, so it's disabled by default.
    if (false) DumpState();

    am.QueueEventTrigger("early-init");

    // Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev...
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done");
    // ... so that we can start queuing up actions that require stuff from /dev.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetMmapRndBitsAction, "SetMmapRndBits");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetKptrRestrictAction, "SetKptrRestrict");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(keychord_init_action, "keychord_init");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(console_init_action, "console_init");

    // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
    am.QueueEventTrigger("init");

    // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
    // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");

    // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode.
    std::string bootmode = GetProperty("ro.bootmode", "");
    if (bootmode == "charger") {
        am.QueueEventTrigger("charger");
    } else {
        am.QueueEventTrigger("late-init");
    }

    // Run all property triggers based on current state of the properties.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(queue_property_triggers_action, "queue_property_triggers");

    while (true) {
        // By default, sleep until something happens.
        int epoll_timeout_ms = -1;

        if (do_shutdown && !shutting_down) {
            do_shutdown = false;
            if (HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command)) {
                shutting_down = true;
            }
        }

        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
            am.ExecuteOneCommand();
        }
        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
            if (!shutting_down) {
                auto next_process_restart_time = RestartProcesses();

                // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
                if (next_process_restart_time) {
                    epoll_timeout_ms = std::chrono::ceil<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                           *next_process_restart_time - boot_clock::now())
                                           .count();
                    if (epoll_timeout_ms < 0) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
                }
            }

            // If there's more work to do, wake up again immediately.
            if (am.HasMoreCommands()) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
        }

        epoll_event ev;
        int nr = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(epoll_fd, &ev, 1, epoll_timeout_ms));
        if (nr == -1) {
            PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_wait failed";
        } else if (nr == 1) {
            ((void (*)()) ev.data.ptr)();
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

Init 进程源码分析

Init 进程源码分析


基于MTK 平台 init.cpp 源码分析

基于MTK 平台 init.cpp 主要作用

 

四、 init 启动脚本分析

init.rc 路径 一般在system/core/rootdir下,init脚本是有Android 初始化语言编写。

Android Init Language 语句类型:

  • 1.Action
  • 2.Command
  • 3.Service
  • 4.Option
  • 5.Import

init.rc分析

Android 启动脚本

init.rc on

init.rc services

init.rc import

五、init 进程分析

init 进程分析

init 解析脚本分析

init 事件列表

init 事件结构

六 、init 脚本执行

init 进程解析和执行

启动脚本解析结果

整理事件列表

init 构建事件

Service 事件分类

init 进程执行命令和启动服务

七、init 进程守护

init进程处理消息事件

    1. 根据Shell或者系统中消息设置系统prop
    1. 守护系统服务,如果服务退出,重启退出的服务。

init守护进程

init 处理 prop 消息分析

init 守护服务分析

八、init rc 脚本启动Zygote

Zygote 的 classname 为main.
init.rc文件配置代码如下:

... ... 
on nonencrypted
    class_start main
    class_start late_start

on property:sys.init_log_level=*
    loglevel ${sys.init_log_level}

... ...

九、启动分析小结

启动分析小结

xmind 小结文件下载地址如下:
小结源文件下载地址

posted @ 2019-07-08 11:44  程序员Android的博客  阅读(378)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报