Linux 常用命令大全

640?wx_fmt=gif

640?wx_fmt=gif

极力推荐文章:欢迎收藏

Android 干货分享 640?wx_fmt=gif

本篇文章主要介绍 Android 开发中的部分知识点,通过阅读本篇文章,您将收获以下内容:

一、cd 命令

一、cd 命令

cd 命令是 Linux常用命令之一,主要用于进入目录(相当于windows的文件夹)TestLinuxCommond这个目录。cd TestLinuxCommond/

wangjie@ubuntu:~$ cd TestLinuxCommond/
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

比如我想退出TestLinuxCommond这个目录。cd ..

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ cd ..
wangjie@ubuntu:~$

如果想退两层目录,可以使用cd ../..

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv/test$ ls
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv/test$ cd ../..
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

二、--help 命令

当我们不知道一个命令如何使用时候,可以使用 --help 查看这个命令是干嘛的。--help相当于用户命令帮忙的手册。 cd命令是如何使用的,可以使用cd ---help

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ cd ---help
-bash: cd: --: invalid option
cd: usage: cd [-L|[-P [-e]] [-@]] [dir]
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

比如 我想看看 ls命令是如何使用的,使用参数如何,可以使用ls ---help

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls --help
Usage: ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -a, --all                  do not ignore entries starting with .
  -A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..
      --author               with -l, print the author of each file
  -b, --escape               print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
      --block-size=SIZE      scale sizes by SIZE before printing them.  E.g.,
                               '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of
                               1,048,576 bytes.  See SIZE format below.
  -B, --ignore-backups       do not list implied entries ending with ~
  -c                         with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
                               modification of file status information)
                               with -l: show ctime and sort by name
                               otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
  -C                         list entries by columns
      --color[=WHEN]         colorize the output.  WHEN defaults to 'always'
                               or can be 'never' or 'auto'.  More info below
  -d, --directory            list directory entries instead of contents,
                               and do not dereference symbolic links
  -D, --dired                generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode
  -f                         do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
  -F, --classify             append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries
      --file-type            likewise, except do not append '*'
      --format=WORD          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
                               single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
      --full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso
  -g                         like -l, but do not list owner
      --group-directories-first
                             group directories before files.
                               augment with a --sort option, but any
                               use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
  -G, --no-group             in a long listing, don't print group names
  -h, --human-readable       with -l, print sizes in human readable format
                               (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
      --si                   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024
  -H, --dereference-command-line
                             follow symbolic links listed on the command line
      --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
                             follow each command line symbolic link
                             that points to a directory
      --hide=PATTERN         do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
                               (overridden by -a or -A)
      --indicator-style=WORD  append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
                               none (default), slash (-p),
                               file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)
  -i, --inode                print the index number of each file
  -I, --ignore=PATTERN       do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
  -k, --kibibytes            use 1024-byte blocks
  -l                         use a long listing format
  -L, --dereference          when showing file information for a symbolic
                               link, show information for the file the link
                               references rather than for the link itself
  -m                         fill width with a comma separated list of entries
  -n, --numeric-uid-gid      like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs
  -N, --literal              print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control
                               characters specially)
  -o                         like -l, but do not list group information
  -p, --indicator-style=slash
                             append / indicator to directories
  -q, --hide-control-chars   print ? instead of non graphic characters
      --show-control-chars   show non graphic characters as-is (default
                             unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)
  -Q, --quote-name           enclose entry names in double quotes
      --quoting-style=WORD   use quoting style WORD for entry names:
                               literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
  -r, --reverse              reverse order while sorting
  -R, --recursive            list subdirectories recursively
  -s, --size                 print the allocated size of each file, in blocks
  -S                         sort by file size
      --sort=WORD            sort by WORD instead of name: none -U,
                             extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v
      --time=WORD            with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification
                             time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c,
                             or status -c; use specified time as sort key
                             if --sort=time
      --time-style=STYLE     with -l, show times using style STYLE:
                             full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.
                             FORMAT is interpreted like 'date'; if FORMAT is
                             FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to
                             non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
                             if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE
                             takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
  -t                         sort by modification time, newest first
  -T, --tabsize=COLS         assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
  -u                         with -lt: sort by, and show, access time
                               with -l: show access time and sort by name
                               otherwise: sort by access time
  -U                         do not sort; list entries in directory order
  -v                         natural sort of (version) numbers within text
  -w, --width=COLS           assume screen width instead of current value
  -x                         list entries by lines instead of by columns
  -X                         sort alphabetically by entry extension
  -Z, --context              print any SELinux security context of each file
  -1                         list one file per line
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024).  Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).

Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and
with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when
standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment
variable can change the settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.

Exit status:
 0  if OK,
 1  if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),
 2  if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

Report ls bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'ls invocation'
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

三、 ls 命令

ls用来显示当前目录下都有哪些文件、或者目录(Window下叫文件夹) ls -l 可以将当前目录下的所有内容以列表形式显示,同时并显示文件的详细信息。ls

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

比如我想看看当前目录下文件的详细信息,可以使用ls -l

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-rw-r-- 1 wangjie wangjie 0 Jul 18 16:24 test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

四、touch 命令

touch 用来创建文本文件,可以有后缀,也可以没有,完全看个人喜好。testlinux.txt文件,可以使用touch testlinux.txt

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ touch testlinux.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testlinux.txt  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

五、mkdir 命令

mkdir 用来创建目录,linux下的目录相当于Windows下的文件夹。test目录,可以使用mkdir test

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ mkdir test
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test  testlinux.txt  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

六、pwd 命令

pwd 用来显示 当前所在目录的路径。pwd

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ pwd
/home/wangjie/TestLinuxCommond
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

七、echo 命令

echo命令 主要用来向文本文件中追加内容。hello Linux 写入到testlinux.txt文件中,可以使用echo "hello Linux" > testlinux.txt

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ echo "hello Linux" > testlinux.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ cat testlinux.txt
hello Linux
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

八、cat 命令

cat命令主要用来显示文本文件中的内容。 testlinux.txt 文本中的内容,可以使用cat testlinux.txt

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ cat testlinux.txt
hello Linux
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

九、Tab 键

Tab 键 在Linux 下主要用来辅助输入,快速补全的功能。Tab键,系统就会列出以test开头的所有文件或者目录。

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls test
test/          testlinux.txt  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

十、vi 或者vim 命令

vi或者vim命令,主要是通过vim编辑器对 文本文件进行编辑。 testlinux.txt这个文件,此时可以使用 vim testlinux.txt或者vim testlinux.txti 或者 a对文本文件进行输入操作。

1.按i 或者 a对文本文件进程插入操作

640?wx_fmt=other

2.按 Esc 键,输入:(冒号)保存文件

640?wx_fmt=other

命令意义
w保存
q退出
!强制
wq保存并退出
q!放弃修改,强制退出

3.set nu 显示行号 set nonu 取消显示行号

使用格式如下:set nu或者set nonu

640?wx_fmt=other

set nu

4./查找的字符串 用来查找字符串

使用格式如下:/查找的字符串e,此时 按N键可以全局切换查找上下字符串。

640?wx_fmt=other

/查找的字符串

十一、rm 命令

rm命令主要用来执行删除文件或者目录的操作,注意两个是有区别的。

删除文件

使用格式如下:rm 文件名test.txt,可以使用 rm text.txt

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test  testlinux.txt  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ rm test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test  testlinux.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

删除目录,

使用格式如下:rm -r 文件名 -r,这样主要是用来递归删除目录下的所有内容(包含 目录、文件等)。test目录

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test  testlinux.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ rm test
rm: cannot remove ‘test’: Is a directory
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test  testlinux.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ rm -r test
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testlinux.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

十二、mv 命令

mv 主要用来移动、或者重命名文件。

重命名

使用格式如下:mv 老名字文件 新名字testlinux.txt 重命名为test.txt,可以使用 mv testlinux.txt test.txt

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ mkdir testmv
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testlinux.txt  testmv
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ mv testlinux.txt  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testmv  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

移动

使用格式如下:mv 要移动的文件 要移动文件的目的地test.txt移动到testmv目录下,可以使用mv test.txt testmv/

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testmv  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ mv test.txt testmv/
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testmv
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ cd testmv/
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv$ ls
test  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv$

十三、cp 命令

使用格式如下:mv 要复制的文件 要复制文件的目的地cp 命令用来复制文件。 cp test.txt test

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv$ ls
test  test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv$ cp test.txt test
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv$ cd test/
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv/test$ ls
test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond/testmv/test$

十四、find 命令

find 用来查找搜索文件。test.txt的文件find . -name test.txt 命令查找。

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ find . -name test.txt
./testmv/test.txt
./testmv/test/test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

十五、grep 命名

grep 命令用来查找文件中的字符串资源。

区分大小写

比如我想查找字符串 Sprocomm,可以使用grep "Sprocomm" -r .

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ grep "Sprocomm" -r .
./testmv/test.txt:Welcome to Sprocomm
./testmv/test/test.txt:Welcome to Sprocomm
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

不区分大小写

添加 -i ,ingore 忽略大小写。 Sprocomm,可以使用grep "Sprocomm" -ri .

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ grep "sprocomm" -r .
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ grep "sprocomm" -ri .
./testmv/test.txt:Welcome to Sprocomm
./testmv/test/test.txt:Welcome to Sprocomm

十六、chmod 命令

chmod命令 主要用来修改目录或文件权限。

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 wangjie wangjie 4096 Jul 18 17:56 testmv
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$
名称简称代表意义数值
ddir目录-
rread读文件权限4
wwrite写文件权限2
x-可执行权限(通常是以下sh脚本,库文件等)1

加入我想改变 testmv下所有文件的读、写执行权限。chmod 777 -R .

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 wangjie wangjie 4096 Jul 18 17:56 testmv
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ chmod 777 -R .
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 3 wangjie wangjie 4096 Jul 18 17:56 testmv
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

十七、压缩与解压命令

tar 压缩解压命令

压缩命令格式 :tar -cvf *.tar 要压缩的文件testmv.tar ,可以使用 tar -cvf test.tar testmv/

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ tar -cvf test.tar testmv/
testmv/
testmv/test.txt
testmv/test/
testmv/test/test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testmv  test.tar
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

解压命令格式tar -xvf test.tartest.tar ,可以使用 tar -xvf test.tar

wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ rm -rf testmv/
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
test.tar
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ tar -xvf test.tar
testmv/
testmv/test.txt
testmv/test/
testmv/test/test.txt
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$ ls
testmv  test.tar
wangjie@ubuntu:~/TestLinuxCommond$

640?wx_fmt=png

posted @ 2019-07-19 10:00  程序员Android的博客  阅读(90)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报