【Spring Boot】关于上传文件例子的剖析
Spring Boot 上传文件
文件上传是一个基本需求,话不多说,我们直接演练
功能实现
增加ControllerFileUploadController
代码
package com.example.kane.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.MvcUriComponentsBuilder;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.RedirectAttributes;
import com.example.kane.service.StorageException;
import com.example.kane.service.StorageFileNotFoundException;
import com.example.kane.service.StorageService;
import com.example.kane.Controller.FileUploadController;
@Controller
public class FileUploadController {
@Autowired()
//@Qualifier("FileSystemStorageService")
private StorageService storageService;
@Autowired
public FileUploadController(StorageService storageService) {
this.storageService = storageService;
System.out.println(this.storageService);
}
@GetMapping("/")
public String listUploadedFiles(Model model) throws IOException {
System.out.println(this.storageService);
model.addAttribute("files", storageService.loadAll().map(
path -> MvcUriComponentsBuilder.fromMethodName(FileUploadController.class,
"serveFile", path.getFileName().toString()).build().toString())
.collect(Collectors.toList()));
return "uploadForm";
}
@GetMapping("/files/{filename:.+}")
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Resource> serveFile(@PathVariable String filename) {
Resource file = storageService.loadAsResource(filename);
return ResponseEntity.ok().header(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_DISPOSITION,
"attachment; filename=\"" + file.getFilename() + "\"").body(file);
}
@PostMapping("/")
public String handleFileUpload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file,
RedirectAttributes redirectAttributes) {
storageService.store(file);
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("message",
"You successfully uploaded " + file.getOriginalFilename() + "!");
return "redirect:/";
}
@ExceptionHandler(StorageFileNotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<?> handleStorageFileNotFound(StorageFileNotFoundException exc) {
System.out.println(11);
return ResponseEntity.notFound().build();
}
}
逻辑分析
- 控制类汇总有一个私有的
StorageService
的类,做逻辑处理。 - 发送GET 请求,URL 匹配到
/
时,进入的文件上传的页面,页面汇总包含已上传文件列表、上传按钮。此处使用了Thymeleaf模板引擎,后面会介绍 - 发送GET请求,URL匹配到
/files/{filename}
时进行下载文件功能。 - 发送POST请求,URL匹配到
/
时,进行上传文件的请求 - 当遇到
StorageFileNotFoundException
的时候异常处理
增加ServiceStorageService
代码
package com.example.kane.service;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
@Service
public interface StorageService {
void init();
void store(MultipartFile file);
@Bean
Stream<Path> loadAll();
Path load(String filename);
Resource loadAsResource(String filename);
void deleteAll();
}
逻辑分析
上面的Service,只是一个接口,本例中,官方是面向接口编程,实现了JAVA的多态。后面会有介绍。
增加一个Thymeleaf页面
注:Thymeleaf后面整体介绍,此处简单的HTML 页面,不多做说明。
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<body>
<div th:if="${message}">
<h2 th:text="${message}"/>
</div>
<div>
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="/">
<table>
<tr><td>File to upload:</td><td><input type="file" name="file" /></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td><input type="submit" value="Upload" /></td></tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li th:each="file : ${files}">
<a th:href="${file}" th:text="${file}" />
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
修改一些简单的配置application.properties
spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=128KB # file size
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=128KB # request size
修改Spring Boot Application类
代码
package com.example.kane;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import com.example.kane.config.db_config;
import com.example.kane.service.StorageService;
import com.example.kane.service.StorageProperties;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import com.example.kane.Model.Customer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigurationProperties(StorageProperties.class)
//@EnableScheduling
public class RestfulWebService1Application{
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestfulWebService1Application.class);
public static void main(String args[]) {
SpringApplication.run(RestfulWebService1Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
CommandLineRunner init(StorageService storageService) {
return (args) -> {
//storageService.deleteAll();
storageService.init();
};
}
}
逻辑分析
- 开启Spring Boot项目
- 定义了一个项目启动后需要运行删除所有文件的逻辑。
CommandLineRunner
之前有做介绍。
官网没有说明其他的Service类的定义
按照官网至此已经创建完成了上传文件的应用,但是少了一部分内容,就是其他的Service的定义情况。下面做补充。
接口StorageService
的实现类FileSystemStorageService
package com.example.kane.service;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.io.UrlResource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.util.FileSystemUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
@Service(value="FileSystemStorageService")
@Primary()
public class FileSystemStorageService implements StorageService {
private final Path rootLocation;
@Autowired
public FileSystemStorageService(StorageProperties properties) {
System.out.println(properties.test);
this.rootLocation = Paths.get(properties.getLocation());
}
@Override
public void store(MultipartFile file) {
String filename = StringUtils.cleanPath(file.getOriginalFilename());
try {
if (file.isEmpty()) {
throw new StorageException("Failed to store empty file " + filename);
}
if (filename.contains("..")) {
// This is a security check
throw new StorageException(
"Cannot store file with relative path outside current directory "
+ filename);
}
try (InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream()) {
Files.copy(inputStream, this.rootLocation.resolve(filename),
StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
}
}
catch (IOException e) {
throw new StorageException("Failed to store file " + filename, e);
}
}
@Override
public Stream<Path> loadAll() {
try {
return Files.walk(this.rootLocation, 1)
.filter(path -> !path.equals(this.rootLocation))
.map(this.rootLocation::relativize);
}
catch (IOException e) {
throw new StorageException("Failed to read stored files", e);
}
}
@Override
public Path load(String filename) {
return rootLocation.resolve(filename);
}
@Override
public Resource loadAsResource(String filename) {
try {
Path file = load(filename);
Resource resource = new UrlResource(file.toUri());
if (resource.exists() || resource.isReadable()) {
return resource;
}
else {
throw new StorageFileNotFoundException(
"Could not read file: " + filename);
}
}
catch (MalformedURLException e) {
throw new StorageFileNotFoundException("Could not read file: " + filename, e);
}
}
@Override
public void deleteAll() {
FileSystemUtils.deleteRecursively(rootLocation.toFile());
}
@Override
public void init() {
try {
Files.createDirectories(rootLocation);
}
catch (IOException e) {
throw new StorageException("Could not initialize storage", e);
}
}
}
属性类StorageProperties
package com.example.kane.service;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties("storage")
public class StorageProperties {
/**
* Folder location for storing files
*/
private String location = "upload-dir";
public String test;
public String getLocation() {
return location;
}
public void setLocation(String location) {
this.location = location;
}
public void settest(String test) {
this.test=test;
}
public String gettest() {
return test;
}
}
异常类StorageFileNotFoundException
StorageException
定义
//StorageFileNotFoundException
package com.example.kane.service;
public class StorageFileNotFoundException extends StorageException{
public StorageFileNotFoundException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public StorageFileNotFoundException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
//StorageException
package com.example.kane.service;
public class StorageException extends RuntimeException{
public StorageException(String message) {
super(message);
System.out.println(111111111);
}
public StorageException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
System.out.println(111111111);
}
}
至此,运行项目。可以再上传与下载文件
注:在StorageProperties
中定义了文件在服务中的位置upload-dir
介绍@ConfigurationProperties
的用法
上面例子的 @ConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties
可以使用application.properties中的属性。在官网的例子中,application.properties可以任意定义storage.test=123
然后在类StorageProperties
中书写get、set方法之后,就可以使用了。官网的例子并没有使用,我们可以将location的默认赋值改成如下做法
application.properties
storage.location= upload-dir #只需要加这一行就可以
Storage.Properties
@ConfigurationProperties("storage")
public class StorageProperties {
private String location;
public String getLocation() {
return location;
}
public void setLocation(String location) {
this.location = location;
}
}
按照如上操作,定义的@ConfigurationProperties("storage")才是有意义的,否则根本没有使用到。
扩展:自定义一个Properties供自己使用
默认情况下Spring Boot 会使用 Application.properties,我们再同级目录下创建文件storage.properties
storage.properties
storage.location=upload-dir #注意这里要不加任何引号
Storage.Properties
package com.example.kane.service;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Primary //标注当前类为主要的bean类
@Configuration//让当前类能够被Spring识别
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="storage")
@PropertySource("classpath:storage.properties") //配置路径
public class StorageProperties {
/**
* Folder location for storing files
*/
//private String location = "upload-dir";
private String location;
public String getLocation() {
return location;
}
public void setLocation(String location) {
this.location = location;
}
}
没解决的一个问题
- @Primary这个注解是必须的。
我在这里遇到这个问题,报错信息如下,可以看到是spring没法识别使用哪个bean了,这块没弄明白,应为第一个properties是打包后的target目录下的,第二则是实际代码中的,但是确有冲突,我Primary加上之后,会让spring拿当前类为首要的当做configuration的类。如果是别的原因造成的望指正
Parameter 0 of constructor in com.example.kane.service.FileSystemStorageService required a single bean, but 2 were found:
- storageProperties: defined in file [C:\Workflow\Eclipse WS\Restful-Web-Service-1\target\classes\com\example\kane\service\StorageProperties.class]
- storage-com.example.kane.service.StorageProperties: defined in null
介绍面向本例中的面向接口编程实现的Java的多态
在官网的例子中,在FileUploadController
中定义了私有变量是,接口StorageService
,而由于当前项目中只有一个类FileSystemStorageService
实现了这个接口,所以项目能够正常运行。而加入我们项目中存在第二个类去实现StorageService
会怎么样呢。
创建第二个实现StorageService
的类之后的错误
- 创建Service类
twostorageservice
,不需要做什么具体实现。
package com.example.kane.service;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
@Service(value="twostorageservice")
public class twostorageservice implements StorageService {
@Override
public void init() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public void store(MultipartFile file) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
@Override
public Stream<Path> loadAll() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public Path load(String filename) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public Resource loadAsResource(String filename) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public void deleteAll() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
- 结果报错如下
Parameter 0 of constructor in com.example.kane.Controller.FileUploadController required a single bean, but 2 were found:
- FileSystemStorageService: defined in file [C:\Workflow\Eclipse WS\Restful-Web-Service-1\target\classes\com\example\kane\service\FileSystemStorageService.class]
- twostorageservice: defined in file [C:\Workflow\Eclipse WS\Restful-Web-Service-1\target\classes\com\example\kane\service\twostorageservice.class]
Action:
Consider marking one of the beans as @Primary, updating the consumer to accept multiple beans, or using @Qualifier to identify the bean that should be consumed
信息很明显,出现了两个bean Spring不知道选择哪一个了。
解决办法
根据上面的提示,我们去解决它。
- 在冲突的两个Service中的某一个上,增加注解
@Primary
//在主要的实现类 FileSystemStorageService 前面加@Primary
@Primary()
public class FileSystemStorageService implements StorageService {
}
- 对每个Service定义一个name,在使用时进行选择
//FileSystemStorageService
@Service(value="FileSystemStorageService")
@Primary
public class FileSystemStorageService implements StorageService {}
//twostorageservice
@Service(value="twostorageservice")
public class twostorageservice implements StorageService {}
// --------------------------使用的位置
@Autowired()
@Qualifier("twostorageservice")
private StorageService storageService;
// ------------------------controller中 我们打印一下Service,不管功能实现
@GetMapping("/")
public String listUploadedFiles(Model model) throws IOException {
System.out.println(this.storageService);
}
// 输出结果
com.example.kane.service.twostorageservice@1364c
注:实现时发现一个问题,@Primary 与@Qualifier不是两个并行的解决办法。方法2中也需要指定一个Service为主要实现类,否则还是会报错。
至此,可以在代码运行时,动态的指定实现类。
关于自定义异常处理
@Exceptionhandler
@Exceptionhandler在Controller中定义,对不同的Exception定义不同的处理方法。官网的例子中对StorageFileNotFoundException
定义了处理方法。
- 我们删除一个文件,然后点击其连接下载
查看控制台输出
2019-03-18 15:56:43.071 WARN 16004 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [com.example.kane.service.StorageFileNotFoundException: Could not read file: Data Analize.xls]
查看页面输出
找不到 localhost 的网页 找不到与以下网址对应的网页:http://localhost:8080/files/Data%20Analize.xls
HTTP ERROR 404
- 我们将Controller中@Exceptionhandler方法注释掉,在看控制台输出
是一大串很长的Exception
com.example.kane.service.StorageFileNotFoundException: Could not read file: Data Analize.xls
at com.example.kane.service.FileSystemStorageService.loadAsResource(FileSystemStorageService.java:83) ~[classes/:na]
at com.example.kane.Controller.FileUploadController.serveFile(FileUploadController.java:55) ~[classes/:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_172]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_172]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_172]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_172]
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:189) ~[spring-web-5.1.5.RELEASE.jar:5.1.5.RELEASE]
- 我们再Controller中增加对异常类
StorageException
的处理方法
@ExceptionHandler(StorageException.class)
public ResponseEntity<?> storageException(StorageException exc) {
return new ResponseEntity<Object>("test",HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT);
}
//对异常页面做到自定义
- 上传一个空文件,出发
StorageException
异常
查看控制台输出
2019-03-18 16:04:15.591 WARN 16004 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] .m.m.a.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver : Resolved [com.example.kane.service.StorageException: Failed to store empty file New Text Document.txt]
查看页面输出
test
ErrorController
我们还可以定一个一个类实现ErrorController
来对Controller的异常进行处理。
关于模板引擎 Thymeleaf
的用法
POM.xml增加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
修改默认模板路径
默认的路径是resources/templates
,我们可以再application.properties
文件中配置如下属性spring.thymeleaf.prefix= classpath:/templates/test/
进行修改
使用
@GetMapping("/")
public String listUploadedFiles(Model model) throws IOException {
//往模板文件中增加变量
model.addAttribute("files", storageService.loadAll().map(
path -> MvcUriComponentsBuilder.fromMethodName(FileUploadController.class,
"serveFile", path.getFileName().toString()).build().toString())
.collect(Collectors.toList()));
return "uploadForm"; //模板文件的名字不带html
}