【Spring Boot】构造、访问Restful Webservice与定时任务
Spring Boot Guides Examples(1~3)
创建一个RESTful Web Service
- 使用Eclipse 创建一个 Spring Boot项目
Project -> Other -> Spring Boot -> Spring Starter Project
- 直接找到,spring boot自动创建的application类,
#我的是 RestfulWebService1Application.java
右键 -> Run As -> Java Application 运行
------------------console result---------------------
#看见下面两行,则开启成功
2019-02-24 10:38:42.935 INFO 6724 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-02-24 10:38:42.940 INFO 6724 --- [ main] c.e.kane.RestfulWebService1Application : Started RestfulWebService1Application in 4.108 seconds (JVM running for 5.631)
- 打开浏览器,键入 localhost:8080会得到下面的报错信息,因为我们还没有定义Controller
Whitelabel Error Page
This application has no explicit mapping for /error, so you are seeing this as a fallback.
Sun Feb 24 10:39:50 CST 2019
There was an unexpected error (type=Not Found, status=404).
No message available
## 可以参考下面的网址,对Whitelabel Error Page 自定义
https://www.baeldung.com/spring-boot-custom-error-page
注:可以自定义该页面,到官网查看
- 开始写如一些java类
// 在Application同级目录下创建Model 文件夹,增加Greeting 类
// Greeting.java
package com.example.kane.Model;
public class Greeting{
private final long id;
private final String content;
public Greeting (long id , String content){
this.id = id ;
this.content = content;
}
public long getId(){
return id;
}
public String getContent(){
return content;
}
}
// 在Application同级目录下创建 Controller文件夹,增加GreetingController
// GreetingController.java
package com.example.kane.Controller;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
// RestController是Spring4的新的注解,被注解的controller返回域对象,不是view
// 它是@Controller和@ResponseBody的缩写
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.example.kane.Model.*;
@RestController
public class GreetingController {
private static final String template = "Hello, %s!";
private final AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();
@RequestMapping("/greeting")
public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="World") String name) {
return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(),
String.format(template, name));
}
}
- 访问 localhost:8080/greeting
# 页面结果
{"id":1,"content":"Hello, World!"}
- 至此一个简单的Restful Web Service 搭好了
注:官方的关于Restful Web Service 网址 https://spring.io/guides/gs/rest-service/
创建一个计划的任务 Scheduling Tasks
- 创建schdule task类
package com.example.kane;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class SchduleTask {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SchduleTask.class);
private static final SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
public void reportCurrentTime() {
log.info("The time is now {}", dateFormat.format(new Date()));
}
}
- 更改Application 类,增加@EnableScheduling
package com.example.kane;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class RestfulWebService1Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(RestfulWebService1Application.class, args);
}
}
- 结果,会在console中看到如下输出
2019-02-24 12:00:14.770 INFO 21096 --- [ scheduling-1] com.example.kane.SchduleTask : The time is now 12:00:14
2019-02-24 12:00:19.770 INFO 21096 --- [ scheduling-1] com.example.kane.SchduleTask : The time is now 12:00:19
2019-02-24 12:00:24.770 INFO 21096 --- [ scheduling-1] com.example.kane.SchduleTask : The time is now 12:00:24
## 不停地运行Schdule函数
- 其他的Schdule选项
https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/integration.html#scheduling
// 等待上一个执行之后5秒执行下一次
@Scheduled(fixedDelay=5000)
//-------------------------------------
//上一次开启之后5秒执行下一次,无论第一次是否执行完成
@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
//-------------------------------------
// 使用cron 进行定时的安排,语法与linux cronjob相同
@Scheduled(cron="*/5 * * * * MON-FRI")
注:cron表达式规则
Seconds Minutes Hours DayofMonth Month DayofWeek Year
或
Seconds Minutes Hours DayofMonth Month DayofWeek
字段 | 允许值 | 允许的特殊字符 |
---|---|---|
秒(Seconds) | 0~59的整数 | , - * / 四个字符 |
分(Minutes) | 0~59的整数 | , - * / 四个字符 |
小时(Hours) | 0~23的整数 | , - * / 四个字符 |
日期(DayofMonth) | 1~31的整数(但是你需要考虑你月的天数) | ,- * ? / L W C 八个字符 |
月份(Month) | 1~12的整数或者 JAN-DEC | , - * / 四个字符 |
星期(DayofWeek) | 1~7的整数或者 SUN-SAT (1=SUN) | , - * ? / L C # 八个字符 |
年(可选,留空)(Year) | 1970~2099 | , - * / 四个字符 |
消费一个Restful Web Service
这里的消费意为在java中访问一些Restful API 并获得想要的内容。
- 更改 Application.java文件
package com.example.kane;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class RestfulWebService1Application {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestfulWebService1Application.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 不启动Spring boot的application,直接运行RestTemplate
// SpringApplication.run(RestfulWebService1Application.class, args);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
System.out.println(Quote.class);
Quote quote = restTemplate.getForObject("http://gturnquist-quoters.cfapps.io/api/random", Quote.class);
log.info(quote.toString());
}
/* 下面的代码官方说明是要管理RestTemplate,不明白什么意思
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
return builder.build();
}
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner run(RestTemplate restTemplate) throws Exception {
return args -> {
Quote quote = restTemplate.getForObject(
"http://gturnquist-quoters.cfapps.io/api/random", Quote.class);
log.info(quote.toString());
};
}*/
}
- 定义一个Quote.java类
// Quote 定义的时候需要知道 restful api 返回的json对象都有什么属性,如果Quote中定义的属性在api中不存在那么将被复制为null,
//我将官网的type属性更改为 type1属性后,结构显示type1:null
package com.example.kane;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Quote {
private String type1;
private Value value;
public Quote() {
}
public String getType() {
return type1;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type1 = type;
}
public Value getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Value value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Quote{" +
"type='" + type1 + '\'' +
", value=" + value +
'}';
}
}
- 定义Value.java
//value 与 quote相同,定义了这两个类 主要是http://gturnquist-quoters.cfapps.io/api/random返回的json对象中有这两个类
package com.example.kane;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Value {
private Long id;
private String quote;
public Value() {
}
public Long getId() {
return this.id;
}
public String getQuote() {
return this.quote;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setQuote(String quote) {
this.quote = quote;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Value{" +
"id=" + id +
", quote='" + quote + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 上结果
20:59:39.613 [main] INFO com.example.kane.RestfulWebService1Application - Quote{type='null', value=Value{id=4, quote='Previous to Spring Boot, I remember XML hell, confusing set up, and many hours of frustration.'}}
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