Centos 安装python3

安装步骤

一、检查是否有 GCC

gcc --version # 查看gcc版本
# 若没有输出，执行安装命令
yum  -y install gcc

 

二、安装依赖

　　如果不安装依赖，在安装 Python 的时候会报错

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

yum install -y ncurses-libs zlib-devel mysql-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum install zlib* -y

# 如何报错再安装， 如果不小心安装用yum -y remove <包名>
yum install -y libffi-devel zlib1g-dev

 

三、下载python

　　根据需要下载相关版本的 Python 包，并解压

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz (或者下载在本地上传到服务器)
tar -xvf Python-3.6.5.tgz

 

四、创建目录并安装 Python 

# 指定安装的路径,不指定的话,安装过程中可能软件所需要的文件复制到其他不同目录,删除软件很不方便,复制软件也不方便
mkdir /usr/local/python3 
cd Python-3.6.5.tgz

 # 配置，可以提高python10%-20%代码运行速度. 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl 

# 编译安装会一起安装 pip、ssl等 
make && make install

 

解决办法：

vi Moudel/Setup 找到如下内容

去掉209--212行的注释

再次执行编译

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl 

 

五、创建软连接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3

 

大功告成

python3 -V
pip3 -V

 

相关报错及解决

安装 Python 时报错

• 报错——zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available Makefile:1099: recipe for target 'install' failed make: *** [install] Error 1
  • 原因：缺少依赖
  • 解决：

    yum -y install zlib1g-dev

• 报错——ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
  • 原因：缺少依赖
  • 解决：

    yum -y install libffi-devel 

     

pip install 时报错

报错——pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Could not fetch URL https:*******: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping

　　原因：在 ./configure 过程中，如果没有加上 –with-ssl 参数时，默认安装的软件涉及到 ssl 的功能不可用，刚好 pip3 过程需要 ssl 模块，而由于没有指定，所以该功能不可用。解决办法是重新对 python 进行编译安装

 

 

分类: linux , Centos