性能测试基本功 - Centos5.5下安装LAMP
下载软件包(截至2010/7/25软件为最新稳定版本)
http://www.libgd.org/releases/gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz
http://ftp.devil-linux.org/pub/devel/sources/1.2/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
http://cronolog.org/download/cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
http://labs.renren.com/apache-mirror/httpd/httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz
http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/db/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.49.tar.gz
http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.3.0/xcache-1.3.0.tar.gz
http://downloads.zend.com/optimizer/3.3.9/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
保存为down.txt
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget -i down.txt
cd /usr/local/src
vim init.sh
#!/bin/bash
#disable ipv6
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
echo "ipv6 is disabled!"
#disable selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
echo "selinux is disabled,you must reboot!"
#vim
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
#zh_cn
sed -i -e 's/^LANG=.*/LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"/' /etc/sysconfig/i18n
#tunoff services
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sendmail | sshd | syslog | local | mysqld | httpd )
echo "Base services, Skip!"
;;
*)
echo "change $CURSRV to off"
chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
service $CURSRV stop
;;
esac
done
# sh init.sh
# reboot
CentOS支持中文的两个包：
fonts-chinese-3.02-9.6.el5.noarch.rpm
fonts-ISO8859-2-75dpi-1.0-17.1.noarch.rpm
*可以下载也可以在CentOS安装盘中找
二、编译安装基本环境
1. 安装准备
1) 系统约定
操作系统：Centos5.5 i386
IP:192.168.1.103
软件源代码包存放位置 /usr/local/src
源码包编译安装位置(prefix) /usr/local/software_name
脚本以及维护程序存放位置 /usr/local/sbin
MySQL 数据库位置 /data/mysql/data（可按情况设置）
Apache 网站根目录 /data/www/wwwroot（可按情况设置）
Apache 虚拟主机日志根目录 /data/www/logs（可按情况设置）
Apache 运行账户 www:www
useradd www -d /data/www/
chown www.www /data/www/wwwroot
2) 系统环境部署及调整
检查系统是否正常
# tail -n100 /var/log/messages （检查有无系统级错误信息）
# dmesg （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息）
# ifconfig（检查网卡设置是否正确）
# ping www.baidu.com （检查网络是否正常）
3) 使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包（以下为标准的 RPM 包名称）
#rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#
yum -y install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake bzip2-devel \
ncurses-devel zlib-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel \
gettext-devel pam-devel libtool libtool-ltdl openssl openssl-devel fontconfig-devel
解释如下：
安装基本的编译工具 # yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ flex bison autoconf automake libtool bzip2-devel zlib-devel ncurses-devel pam-devel
安装编译 GD 需要的库# yum install -y xorg-x11-server-Xorg fontconfig-devel libXpm-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel freetype-devel
安装mysql需要的库# yum install -y libxml2-devel curl-devel
4) 定时校正服务器时钟，定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步
# crontab -e
加入一行：
30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1
service crond restart
2. 编译安装软件包
1)GD2
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.35
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
make && make install
2) LibXML2
tar -zxvf libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.7.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
make && make install
3) LibMcrypt
tar xvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
make && make install
4) Apache日志截断程序
tar zxvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd cronolog-1.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
make && make install
这几步可以放到脚本里面安装
vim install_1.sh
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.35
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gd2
make && make install
cd ..
tar -zxvf libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.7.7
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2
make && make install
cd ..
tar xvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt
make && make install
cd ..
tar zxvf cronolog-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd cronolog-1.6.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cronolog
make && make install
cd..
exit
# sh install_1.sh
5) 安装mysql
查看分析你的CPU型号
http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Safe_Cflags
查找您的GCC编译参数
确定系统CPU类型
# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "model name"
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6570 @ 2.10GHz
执行后会看到系统中CPU的具体型号，记下CPU型号。
查到CPU的参数为
64 bit profile (amd64) for < GCC 4.3
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
Core 2 Duo/Quad, Xeon 51xx/53xx/54xx, Pentium Dual-Core T23xx+/Exxxx, Celeron Dual-Core
32 bit profile (x86):
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=prescott -O2 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.49.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.49
修改mysql的最大连接数，默认是100
vim sql/mysqld.cc
搜索max_connections,找到REQUIRED_ARG后面的100，改成1500，当然小点也可以，根据你的需要来，不建议改的太大，然后保存
vim install_mysql.sh
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-server-suffix=-hx10" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=gbk" \
"--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--without-isam" \
"--without-innodb" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
make && make install
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done
然后执行脚本 sh install_mysql.sh
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> select version();
+----------------------+
| version() |
+----------------------+
| 5.1.49-hx10-log |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
6)安装apache
groupadd httpd
useradd -g httpd -s /sbin/nologin -M httpd
tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.15.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.15
vim install_httpd.sh
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/apache2" \
"--with-included-apr" \
"--enable-so" \
"--enable-deflate=shared" \
"--enable-expires=shared" \
"--enable-rewrite=shared" \
"--enable-static-support" \
"--disable-userdir"
make
make install
cd ..
exit
# sh install_httpd.sh
7)安装php
tar -zxvf php-5.2.14.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.14
vim install_php.sh
mkdir -p /usr/local/php/etc
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
"--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs" \
"--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
"--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
"--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2" \
"--with-gd=/usr/local/gd2" \
"--with-jpeg-dir" \
"--with-png-dir" \
"--with-bz2" \
"--with-freetype-dir" \
"--with-iconv-dir" \
"--with-zlib-dir " \
"--with-openssll" \
"--with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt" \
"--enable-soap" \
"--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
"--enable-ftp" \
"--enable-mbstring" \
"--enable-exif" \
"--disable-ipv6" \
"--disable-cgi" \
"--disable-cli"
make
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
#sh install_php.sh
7)安装Xcache
tar -zxvf xcache-1.3.0.tar.gz
cd xcache-1.3.0
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize \
./configure --enable-xcache \
--enable-xcache-coverager \
--with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config \
--enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
在最后添加以下内容
[xcache-common]
zend_extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/xcache.so
[xcache.admin]
xcache.admin.user = "admin"
;create md5 password: echo -n "password"| md5sum
xcache.admin.pass = "f3dfd37a03b1356d6380b41e524f903b" #password is hx10.com
[xcache]
; Change xcache.size to tune the size of the opcode cache
xcache.size = 24M
xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap"
xcache.count = 4
xcache.slots = 8K
xcache.ttl = 0
xcache.gc_interval = 0
; Change xcache.var_size to adjust the size of variable cache
xcache.var_size = 8M
xcache.var_count = 1
xcache.var_slots = 8K
xcache.var_ttl = 0
xcache.var_maxttl = 0
xcache.var_gc_interval = 300
xcache.test = Off
xcache.readonly_protection = On
xcache.mmap_path = "/tmp/xcache"
xcache.coredump_directory = ""
xcache.cacher = On
xcache.stat = On
xcache.optimizer = Off
[xcache.coverager]
xcache.coverager = On
xcache.coveragedump_directory = ""
8)安装Zend Optimizer
tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
mv ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386 /usr/local/Zend
cp /usr/local/Zend/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/Zend/ (因为php是5.2)
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 最后一行加入以下内容
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15
zend_extension=/usr/local/Zend/ZendOptimizer.so
9)整合Apache与PHP及系统初化配置
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
查找AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz,在该行下面添加
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
查找DirectoryIndex index.html 把该行修改成
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
找到
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
去掉这4行前面的#
注意：以上 4 个扩展配置文件中的设置请按照相关原则进行合理配置！
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@hx10.com
DocumentRoot "/www/wwwroot/"
ServerName mail.520.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log" common
</VirtualHost>
新建一个虚拟主机
mkdir -p /www/wwwroot/
然后把探针（http://depoch.net/download.htm）放到这个目录
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
找到
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Deny from all //把这里的Deny改成Allow
</Directory>
找到
#ServerName www.example.com:80 在这一行后面加入下面一行
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
找到
User daemon
Group daemon
把原来的daemon修改成httpd
Apache 运行账户 httpd:httpd
chown -R httpd:httpd /www/wwwroot
重启apache
# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
输入探针的地址访问
http://ip/php.php
10)安全和性能优化
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
查找disable_functions =
等号后面加入以下参数，注意不能换行
phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,
ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server,get_cfg_var
查找以下2项,把on改成off
expose_php = Off
display_errors = Off
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-default.conf 修改后的内容如下
Timeout 15
KeepAlive Off
MaxKeepAliveRequests 50
KeepAliveTimeout 5
UseCanonicalName Off
AccessFileName .htaccess
ServerTokens Prod
ServerSignature off
HostnameLookups Off
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf 修改一个模块后的内容如下
原来的配置如下：
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
ServerLimit 256
StartServers 5
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
MaxClients 256
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
</IfModule>
修改后配置如下
<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>
ServerLimit 2000
StartServers 10
MinSpareServers 10
MaxSpareServers 15
MaxClients 2000
MaxRequestsPerChild 10000
</IfModule>
查看是什么模式
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -l
如果出现prefork.c那就说明是prefork模式
关于详细的参数调整，查看http://zhengdl126.javaeye.com/blog/450620
11)将apache,mysql安装为系统服务
# cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
#cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd
添加以下两行内容(在#!/bin/sh下面)
# chkconfig: 2345 10 90
# description: Activates/Deactivates Apache Web Server
最后，运行chkconfig 把Apache 添加到系统的启动服务组里面：
# chkconfig --add httpd
# chkconfig httpd on
mysql前面已经加入到服务启动，不需要此步骤
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
chkconfig --add mysqld //ntsysv检查Mysql是否已经加载到服务启动
service mysqld start/stop
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p shutdown //关闭mysql
