rest-framework之认证组件

认证组件

认证简介

作用:校验是否登录

• 首先定义一个类,集成BaseAuthentication,写一个方法:authenticate，在方法内部，实证过程，认证通过，返回None或者两个对象（user，auth），这两个对象，在视图类的request中可以取出来.如果返回的是None，就走下一个认证组件 [xx,xxx]

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
	class myAuthen(BaseAuthentication):
    	def authenticate(self, request):
        	token = request.query_params.get('token')
            ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
            if ret:
					# return ret.user, ret
					# 要写多个认证类，这个地返回None
					# 最后一个认证类，返回这俩值
                  return ret.user, ret
              else:
				  raise AuthenticationFailed('您没有登陆')

• 局部使用:只需要在视图类中加入(可以写多个)

authentication_classes = [myAuthen, ]

• 全局使用 setting中设置

REST_FRAMEWORK={
 "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]
}

认证顺序

认证类使用顺序：先用视图类中的验证类，再用settings里配置的验证类，最后用默认的验证类

局部使用例子

1. models 层

class User(models.Model):
    username=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password=models.CharField(max_length=32)
    user_type=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'超级用户'),(2,'普通用户'),(3,'二笔用户')))

class UserToken(models.Model):
    user=models.OneToOneField(to='User')
    token=models.CharField(max_length=64)

2. 新建认证类(验证通过return两个参数)

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
class TokenAuth():
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.GET.get('token')
        token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if token_obj:
            return
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
    def authenticate_header(self,request):
        pass

3. view层 登录创建token,并存入数据库,下次登录认证token.

(1) 登录.....
def get_token(username):
    import hashlib
    import time
    md = hashlib.md5()
    # update内必须传bytes格式
    md.update(username.encode('utf-8'))
    md.update(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
    return md.hexdigest()


#认证
class Login(APIView):
    authentication_classes =  [ ]
    def post(self, request):
        response = MyResponse()
        name = request.data.get('name')
        pwd = request.data.get('pwd')
        user = models.User.objects.filter(username=name, password=pwd).first()
        if user:
            response.msg = '登陆成功'
            # 登陆成功，返回一个随机字符串，以后在发请求，都携带这个字符串
            token = get_token(name)
            response.token = token
            #     把随机字符串保存到数据库,有就更新，没有就创建
            #     ret=models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user_id=user.id,kwargs={'token':token})
            ret = models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user, defaults={'token': token})

        else:
            response.msg = '用户名或密码错误'
            response.status = 101
        return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)


(2) 登录后 携带token 认证查询数据....
from app01.myauth import myAuthen

class Stus(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [myAuthen,]

    def get(self,request):
        response = MyResponse()
        #认证成功之后,可以去到用户名称,及token
        print(request.user.username)
        print(request.auth.token)
        stus = models.Student.objects.all()
        ret = myserial.StrSer(instance=stus,many=True)
        response.msg = '查询成功'
        response.data = ret.data
        return JsonResponse(response.get_dic,safe=False)

4. auth.py

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
#抛出异常,捕捉
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailed
from app01 import models


class myAuthen(BaseAuthentication):
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.query_params.get('token')
        ret = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if ret:
            # return ret.user, ret
            # 要写多个认证类，这个地返回None

            # 最后一个认证类，返回这俩值
            return ret.user, ret
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('您没有登陆')

附：不存数据库的token验证 就是通过某种的加密校验规则来验证

def get_token(id,salt='123'):
    import hashlib
    md=hashlib.md5()
    md.update(bytes(str(id),encoding='utf-8'))
    md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8'))

    return md.hexdigest()+'|'+str(id)

def check_token(token,salt='123'):
    ll=token.split('|')
    import hashlib
    md=hashlib.md5()
    md.update(bytes(ll[-1],encoding='utf-8'))
    md.update(bytes(salt,encoding='utf-8'))
    if ll[0]==md.hexdigest():
        return True
    else:
        return False

class TokenAuth():
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.GET.get('token')
        success=check_token(token)
        if success:
            return
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
    def authenticate_header(self,request):
        pass
class Login(APIView):
    def post(self,reuquest):
        back_msg={'status':1001,'msg':None}
        try:
            name=reuquest.data.get('name')
            pwd=reuquest.data.get('pwd')
            user=models.User.objects.filter(username=name,password=pwd).first()
            if user:
                token=get_token(user.pk)
                # models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={'token':token})
                back_msg['status']='1000'
                back_msg['msg']='登录成功'
                back_msg['token']=token
            else:
                back_msg['msg'] = '用户名或密码错误'
        except Exception as e:
            back_msg['msg']=str(e)
        return Response(back_msg)
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
class TokenAuth():
    def authenticate(self, request):
        token = request.GET.get('token')
        token_obj = models.UserToken.objects.filter(token=token).first()
        if token_obj:
            return
        else:
            raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败')
    def authenticate_header(self,request):
        pass

class Course(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]

    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('get')

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('post')

全局使用 在setting中添加

REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",]
}

源码分析

#Request对象的user方法
@property
def user(self):
the authentication classes provided to the request.
        if not hasattr(self, '_user'):
            with wrap_attributeerrors():
                self._authenticate()
        return self._user

def _authenticate(self):
        for authenticator in self.authenticators:
            try:
                user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
            except exceptions.APIException:
                self._not_authenticated()
                raise
            #认证成功，可以返回一个元组，但必须是最后一个验证类才能返回
            if user_auth_tuple is not None:
                self._authenticator = authenticator
                self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
                return

        self._not_authenticated()

self.authenticators

def get_authenticators(self):
	return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes]

链接