Oracle 计算时间差

Oracle中计算时间差是经常用到的。可以使用“日期1-日期2”并加以运算,来获得你要想的时间差:天、小时、分钟或者秒。

例如:

  1. select
  2. TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') as Day
  3. from dual;

 结果:\

这里的TO_DATE很有用,它决定你的时间存储格式。
那么如果要获取相应的时间单位,下面:
1、以天为单位

round(to_number(end-date-start_date))

 例如:

  1. select
  2. round(to_number(TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))) as Day
  3. from dual;

结果:\

2、以小时为单位

  1. round(to_number(end-date-start_date)*24) 

例如:

  1. select
  2. round(to_number(TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))*24) as Hour
  3. from dual;

 结果:\

3、以分钟为单位

round(to_number(end-date-start_date)*1440)

 例如:

  1. select
  2. round(to_number(TO_DATE('2012-02-20 17:45:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')-TO_DATE('2012-02-19 08:34:04','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))*1440) as Minite
  3. from dual;

结果:\

作者 白杨树

常用sql语句及案例(oracle)

 

目录

1)基本

2)数学函数

3)rownum

4)分页

5)时间处理

6)字符函数

7)to_number

8)聚合函数

9)学生选课

10)图书馆借阅

 

基本

复制代码
--新建表:
create table table1( id varchar(300) primary key, name varchar(200) not null);

--插入数据   
insert into table1 (id,name) values ('aa','bb');
 
--更新数据   
update table1 set id = 'bb' where id='cc';
 
--删除数据   
delete from table1 where id ='cc';
 
--删除表    
drop table table1;
 

--修改表名: 
alter table table1 rename to table2;
 
--表数据复制:
insert into table1 (select * from table2);
 
--复制表结构: 
create table table1 select * from table2 where 1>1;
 
--复制表结构和数据:
create table table1 select * from table2;
 
--复制指定字段: 
create table table1 as select id, name from table2 where 1>1;

--条件查询: 
select id,name (case gender when 0 then '男' when 1 then ‘女’ end  ) gender from  table1 
 
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数学函数

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--绝对值:abs()
   select abs(-2) value from dual;          --(2)

--取整函数(大):ceil()
   select ceil(-2.001) value from dual;       --(-2)

--取整函数(小):floor()
   select floor(-2.001) value from dual;       --(-3)

--取整函数(截取):trunc()
   select trunc(-2.001) value from dual;       -- (-2)

--四舍五入:round()
   select round(1.234564,4) value from dual;       --(1.2346)

--取平方:Power(m,n)
   select power(4,2) value from dual;       --(16)

--取平方根:SQRT()
   select sqrt(16) value from dual;       --(4)

--取随机数:dbms_random(minvalue,maxvalue)
   select dbms_random.value() from dual;  (默认是0到1之间)
 select dbms_random.value(2,4) value from dual;  (2-4之间随机数)

--取符号:Sign()
  select sign(-3) value from dual; --(-1)
  select sign(3) value from dual; --(1)


--取集合的最大值:greatest(value)
   select greatest(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual;       --(9)

--取集合的最小值:least(value)
   select least(-1,3,5,7,9) value from dual;       --(-1)

--处理Null值:nvl(空值,代替值)
   select  nvl(null,10) value from dual;       --(10)
  
   select nvl(score,10) score from student;
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 rownum相关

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--rownum小于某个数时可以直接作为查询条件(注意oracle不支持select top)
select * from student where rownum <3;

--查询rownum大于某个数值,需要使用子查询,并且rownum需要有别名
select * from(select rownum rn ,id,name from student) where rn>2;
select * from (select rownum rn, student.* from student) where rn >3;

--区间查询
select * from (select rownum rn, student.* from student) where rn >3 and rn<6;

--排序+前n条
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRUVER d order  by drivernumber)t )p where p.rn<10;

--排序+区间查询1
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn<9 and p.rn>6;

--排序+区间查询2
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t where rownum<9 )p where p.rn>6;--效率远高于方式一
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 分页查询

(假设每页显示10条)

不包含排序:

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--效率低

select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d  )p where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;
select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d )p where p.rn between 10 and 20; --效率高 select * from (select rownum rn, d.* from DJDRIVER d where rownum<=20 )p where p.rn>=10;
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包含排序:

复制代码
--排序+区间查询1(效率低)
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn<=20 and p.rn>=10;
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t )p where p.rn between 10 and 20; --排序+区间查询2(效率高)
select * from (select rownum rn, t.* from ( select d.* from DJDRIVER d order by DJDRIVER_DRIVERTIMES)t where rownum<=20 )p where p.rn>=10;
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 时间处理

1. to_char和to_date基本使用

复制代码
--日期
--年 yyyy yyy yy year
--月 month mm mon month
--日+星期  dd ddd(一年中第几天) dy day 
--小时  hh hh24 
--分 mi
--秒 ss
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eg1:

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select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime, 
       to_char(sysdate,'yyyy') year,
       to_char(sysdate,'mm') month,
       to_char(sysdate,'dd') day,
       to_char(sysdate,'day') week,
       to_char(sysdate,'hh24')hour,
       to_char(sysdate,'mi') minute,
       to_char(sysdate,'ss') second
from dual;
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eg2:

复制代码
select to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')currenttime,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'yyyy')year,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mm')month,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'dd') day,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day') week,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE=American') week, --设置语言
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'hh24')hour,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'mi') minute,
       to_char(to_date('2009-07-04 05:02:01','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),'ss') second
from dual;
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2)months_between

 select months_between(to_date('03-31-2014','MM-DD-YYYY'),to_date('12-31-2013','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS"
 FROM DUAL;   

 

3)next_day

select sysdate today, next_day(sysdate,6) nextweek from dual;

 

4)时间区间

eg:

select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')  between 
to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and 
to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); 

 

5)interval

复制代码
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') currenttime,
       to_char(sysdate - interval '7' year,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalyear,   
       to_char(sysdate - interval '7' month,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMonth,   
       to_char(sysdate - interval '7' day,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalday,   
       to_char(sysdate - interval '7' hour,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalHour,   
       to_char(sysdate - interval '7' minute,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalMinute,   
       to_char(sysdate - interval '7' second,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') intervalSecond  
  from dual; 
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6)add_months

select add_months(sysdate,12) newtime from dual;

 

7)extract

 select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month",
extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) " Years" from dual; 

 

 

字符函数

复制代码
--字符函数
select substr('abcdefg',1,5)substr,                     --字符串截取
       instr('abcdefg','bc') instr,                     --查找子串
       
       'Hello'||'World' concat,                         --连接
       
       trim('  wish  ') trim,                           --去前后空格
       rtrim('wish  ') rtrim,                           --去后面空格
       ltrim('  wish') ltrim,                           --去前面空格
       
       trim(leading 'w' from 'wish') deleteprefix,      --去前缀
       trim(trailing 'h' from 'wish') deletetrailing,   --去后缀
       trim('w' from 'wish') trim1,
       
       ascii('A') A1, 
       ascii('a') A2,                                   --ascii(转换为对应的十进制数)
       chr(65) C1, 
       chr(97) C2,                                      --chr(十进制转对应字符)
       
       length('abcdefg') len,                           --length 
       
       lower('WISH')lower, 
       upper('wish')upper, 
       initcap('wish')initcap,                            --大小写变换
       
       replace('wish1','1','youhappy') replace,           --替换
       
       translate('wish1','1','y')translate,               --转换,对应一位(前面的位数大于等于后面的位数)
       translate('wish1','sh1','hy')translate1,
       
       concat('11','22') concat                     --连接

from dual;
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to_number

复制代码
--to_number(expr)
--to_number(expr,format)
--to_number(expr,format,'nls-param')

select to_number('0123')number1,            --converts a string to number
       trunc(to_number('0123.123'),2) number2,
       to_number('120.11','999.99') number3,
     to_number('0a','xx') number4,        --converts a hex number to decimal
       to_number(100000,'xxxxxx') number5
  
from dual;
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聚合函数

student表如下:

count:

--count (distinct|all)
select count(1) as count from student;--效率最高
select count(*) as count from student;    
select count(distinct score) from student;     

语句1结果:11

 

avg

--avg (distinct|all)
select avg(score) score from student;
select avg(distinct score) from student;
select classno,avg(score) score from student group by classno;

 

语句3输出结果:

 

max

--max (distinct|all)
select max(score) from student;
select classno, max(score) score from student group by classno;

 

min

--min (distinct|all)
select min(score) from student;
select classno, min(score) score from student group by classno;

 

stddev(standard deviation)标准差

--stddev
select stddev(score) from student;
select classno, stddev(score) score from student group by classno;

 

sum

--sum
select sum(score) from student;
select classno, sum(score) score from student group by classno;

 

median--中位数

--median
select median(score) from student;
select classno, median(score) score from student group by classno;

 

 案例1--学生选课

1. 创建表 stu(学生表),course(课程表),选课表(s_c)

复制代码
--创建表

create table STU  
(  
  id   NUMBER not null,  
  name VARCHAR2(255)  
) ;
   
create table COURSE  
(  
  id  NUMBER not null,  
  coursename VARCHAR2(255)  
) ; 
   
create table S_C  
(  
  sid    NUMBER,  
  cid    NUMBER,  
  score NUMBER  
);
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2.插入数据

复制代码
--插入数据
Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (1,'wish');
Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (2,'rain');
Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (3,'july');
Insert into STU (ID,NAME) values (4,'joey');

Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (1,'math');
Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (2,'english');
Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (3,'Japanese');
Insert into COURSE (ID,COURSENAME) values (4,'chinese');

Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (1,1,80);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (1,2,90);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (2,4,100);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,4,90);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,1,100);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,3,80);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (4,2,80);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (2,1,90);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (2,4,100);
Insert into S_C (SID,CID,SCORE) values (3,1,60);
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3.查询学生选课情况

with vt as 
(select s.id,s.name,c.coursename,sc.score from stu s, course c, s_c sc where s.id=sc.sid and c.id=sc.cid)
select * from vt order by id;

结果:

 

 

案例2--图书馆借阅

1.创建表: 图书(book),读者(reader),借阅(borrow)

复制代码
--创建表 book
create table book(
  bookId  varchar2(30),   --图书总编号
  sortid varchar2(30),    --分类号
  bookname varchar2(100), --书名
  author varchar2(30),    --作者
  publisher varchar2(100),--出版单位
  price number(6,2)       --价格
  );
  
--创建表 reader  
create table reader (
  cardId varchar2(30),  --借书证号
  org varchar2(100),    --单位
  name varchar2(100),   --姓名
  gender varchar2(2),   --性别
  title varchar2(30),   --职称
  address varchar2(100) --地址
);

--创建表 borrow
create table borrow(
    cardId varchar2(30),  --借书证号
  bookId  varchar2(30),   --图书总编号
  borrowDate varchar2(30) --借阅时间
);
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2.插入数据

复制代码
--插入数据-book
insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
values ('aaa','a1','gone with the wind','CA','renmin','103');

insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
values ('bbb','a2','the little prince','CB','jixie','30');

insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
values ('ccc','a3','the ordinary world','CC','renmin','130');

insert into book (bookId,sortid,bookname,author,publisher,price) 
values ('ddd','a4','the little women','CA','dianzi','110');

--插入数据-reader
insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('xxx','A','wish','1','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('uuu','A','luna','1','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('vvv','B','harry','1','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('www','C','chander','2','professor','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('yyy','A','joey','2','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('zzz','B','richard','2','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('OOO','A','micheal','2','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('ppp','A','richal','2','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('abp','A','michal','2','student','bupt');

insert into reader(cardid, org, name,gender, title, address)
values ('ccp','A','mike','2','student','bupt');

--插入数据-borrow
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('xxx','aaa','2014-4-29');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('xxx','bbb','2014-4-29');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('xxx','ccc','2014-4-28');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('yyy','ccc','2014-4-28');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('yyy','ddd','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('yyy','aaa','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('zzz','bbb','2014-4-28');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('zzz','ddd','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('zzz','aaa','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','bbb','2014-4-28');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','ddd','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','aaa','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('uuu','ccc','2014-4-26');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('vvv','bbb','2014-4-28');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('vvv','ddd','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('www','aaa','2014-4-27');
insert into borrow(cardid,bookid,borrowdate) values('www','ccc','2014-4-26');
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表信息如下:

book------> reader-------> borrow

 

 

3. 查询A单位借阅图书的读者人数和人员详细信息

人数:

with vt1 as 
(select cardid from reader where reader.org='A')
select count(1) from vt1 where exists (select cardid from borrow where borrow.cardid=vt1.cardid);

详细信息:

with vt1 as 
(select cardid,name,org from reader where reader.org='A')
select cardid,name,org from vt1 where exists (select cardid from borrow where borrow.cardid=vt1.cardid);

 

4.查询借书证号尾字符为'p'的读者

select cardid, name, org from reader where cardid like '%p';

 

5. 查询名字以m开头的女性读者,‘1’显示为女,‘2’显示为男

select cardid, name, org, 
case when gender='1' then '女' when gender='2' then '男' else '其他' end gender
from reader where name like 'm%';

 

6. 2014年2-4月借过书的读者

1)查询满足条件的读者(仅包含cardid)--未去重

  方式一:

select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014' 
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'mm')>='02'
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'mm')<='04';

  方式二:

select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014'  --查询
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')>='2014-02'
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')<='2014-04';

  方式三:

select cardid, borrowdate from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')  between 
to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and 
to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); 

 

2) 查询+去重

select distinct cardid from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014'  --查询+去重
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')>='2014-02'
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')<='2014-04';
select distinct cardid from borrow where to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')  between 
to_date('2014-02-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') and 
to_date('2014-05-01 00:00:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'); 

 

3)查询+去重+读者姓名等信息

复制代码
with vt1 as 
(select distinct cardid from borrow where to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy')='2014' 
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')>='2014-02'
and to_char(to_date(borrowdate,'yyyy-mm-dd'),'yyyy-mm')<='2014-04')
select cardid, name,org from reader where exists (select cardid from vt1 where vt1.cardid=reader.cardid);
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https://www.cnblogs.com/wishyouhappy/p/3700683.html

两个Date类型字段:START_DATE,END_DATE,计算这两个日期的时间差(分别以天,小时,分钟,秒,毫秒):

天:

ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE))

小时:

ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24)

分钟:

ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60)

秒:

ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60)

毫秒:

ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)

 

Oracle计算时间差函数 2008-08-20 10:00 两个Date类型字段:START_DATE,END_DATE,计算这两个日期的时间差(分别以天,小时,分钟,秒,毫秒): 天: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE)) 小时: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24) 分钟: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60) 秒: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60) 毫秒: ROUND(TO_NUMBER(END_DATE - START_DATE) * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)

 外加to_date与to_char函数:

ORACLE中: 
select to_date('2007-06-28 19:51:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual; 
一般SQL中: 
select to_date('2007-06-28 19:51:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss') from dual; 
区别: 
1、HH修改为HH24。 
2、分钟的mm修改为mi。

24 小时的形式显示出来要用 HH24

select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;

select to_date('2005-01-01 13:14:20','yyyy-MM-dd HH24:mi:ss') from dual;

 

to_date() function

1. 日期格式参数 含义说明

D 一周中的星期几

DAY 天的名字,使用空格填充到 9 个字符

DD 月中的第几天

DDD 年中的第几天

DY 天的简写名

IW ISO 标准的年中的第几周

IYYY ISO 标准的四位年份

YYYY 四位年份

YYY,YY,Y 年份的最后三位,两位,一位

HH 小时,按 12 小时计

HH24 小时,按 24 小时计

MI 分

SS 秒

MM 月

Mon 月份的简写

Month 月份的全名

W 该月的第几个星期

WW 年中的第几个星期      1. 日期时间间隔操作

当前时间减去 7 分钟的时间

select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' MINUTE from dual

当前时间减去 7 小时的时间

select sysdate - interval '7' hour from dual

当前时间减去 7 天的时间

select sysdate - interval '7' day from dual

当前时间减去 7 月的时间

select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' month from dual

当前时间减去 7 年的时间

select sysdate,sysdate - interval '7' year from dual

时间间隔乘以一个数字

select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval '2' hour from dual

 

2. 日期到字符操作

select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual

select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss') from dual

select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss') from dual

select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss') from dual

参考 oracle 的相关关文档 (ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)

 

3. 字符到日期操作

select to_date('2003-10-17 21:15:37','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual

具体用法和上面的 to_char 差不多。

4.TO_NUMBER 
使用TO_NUMBER函数将字符转换为数字 
TO_NUMBER(char[, '格式'])

数字格式格式 
9 代表一个数字 
0 强制显示0 
$ 放置一个$符 
L 放置一个浮动本地货币符 
. 显示小数点 
, 显示千位指示符

oracle中的to_date参数含义 
  
  1.日期格式参数含义说明  
D 一周中的星期几  
DAY 天的名字,使用空格填充到9个字符  
DD 月中的第几天  
DDD 年中的第几天  
DY 天的简写名  
IW ISO标准的年中的第几周  
IYYY ISO标准的四位年份  
YYYY 四位年份  
YYY,YY,Y 年份的最后三位,两位,一位  
HH 小时,按12小时计  
HH24 小时,按24小时计  
MI 分  
SS 秒  
MM 月  
Mon 月份的简写  
Month 月份的全名  
W 该月的第几个星期  
WW 年中的第几个星期     1.日期时间间隔操作
当前时间减去7分钟的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ MINUTE from dual
当前时间减去7小时的时间
select sysdate - interval ’7’ hour from dual
当前时间减去7天的时间
select sysdate - interval ’7’ day from dual
当前时间减去7月的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ month from dual
当前时间减去7年的时间
select sysdate,sysdate - interval ’7’ year from dual
时间间隔乘以一个数字
select sysdate,sysdate - 8 *interval ’2’ hour from dual
   2.日期到字符操作 
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss’) from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-ddd hh:mi:ss’) from dual
select sysdate,to_char(sysdate,’yyyy-mm iw-d hh:mi:ss’) from dual
参考oracle的相关关文档(ORACLE901DOC/SERVER.901/A90125/SQL_ELEMENTS4.HTM#48515)
   3. 字符到日期操作 
select to_date(’2003-10-17 21:15:37’,’yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss’) from dual
具体用法和上面的to_char差不多。
   4. trunk/ ROUND函数的使用 
select trunc(sysdate ,’YEAR’) from dual
select trunc(sysdate ) from dual
select to_char(trunc(sysdate ,’YYYY’),’YYYY’) from dual
    5.oracle有毫秒级的数据类型 
--返回当前时间 年月日小时分秒毫秒
select to_char(current_timestamp(5),’DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SSxFF’) from dual;
--返回当前时间的秒毫秒,可以指定秒后面的精度(最大=9)
select to_char(current_timestamp(9),’MI:SSxFF’) from dual;
   6.计算程序运行的时间(ms) 
declare
type rc is ref cursor;
l_rc rc;
l_dummy all_objects.object_name%type;
l_start number default dbms_utility.get_time;
begin
  for I in 1 .. 1000 loop
  open l_rc for 'select object_name from all_objects '|| 'where object_id = ' || i;
  fetch l_rc into l_dummy;
  close l_rc;
  end loop;
  dbms_output.put_line ( round( (dbms_utility.get_time-l_start)/100, 2 ) ||' seconds ...' );
end;

https://www.cnblogs.com/hl3292/archive/2010/11/03/1868159.html

 

-------------在mac上安装oracle客户端-------------

1. 登入oracle的官网下载页面
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/intel-macsoft-096467.html

2. 选择适合的版本下载,我选的第一个 (Instant Client Package - Basic)
Instant Client Package - Basic: All files required to run OCI, OCCI, and JDBC-OCI applications
instantclient-basic-macos.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip (68,160,048 bytes) (cksum - 2145539248)

 

3. 注册账号
会跳到登录界面,要是没有账号就需要注册一个,然后才能下载。

4. 下载完成之后,解压,将里边的全部文件放到~/lib 或者 /usr/local/lib 文件下
下载完后会有一个instantclient 的压缩包,后边会有版本号,如我下载的是instantclient_12_2,
解压,会有以下文件

将里边的文件,全部复制到~/lib 或者 /usr/local/lib 文件下

5. 设置环境变量
下面是我自己的目录存放位置,将/Users/lanc要改成你自己的目录。
在你的设置环境变量的文件夹中添加:
export PATH=$PATH:/Users/lanc/lib
步骤:

cd ~lib
pwd
cd ~
vi .bash_profile
export PATH=$PATH:/Users/lanc/lib
1
2
3
4
5


使设置的环境变量生效
source .bash_profile

进入oracle 的项目,在终端输入node , 进入node 的环境,然后输入var oracle = require(‘oracle’);
如果没有报错,就说明已经安装成功了
---------------------
作者:lanc336
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41767649/article/details/80627034
版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,转载请附上博文链接!

 

 

用 navicat连接oracle

http://wiki.navicat.com/wiki/index.php/Instant_client_required#Mac

 

 

------

-- 新增字段
alter table TABLE_NAME add tract_code varchar2(32);
comment on column TABLE_NAME.tract_code
is '编码';
--备份数据
create table TABLE_NAME_BAK AS select * from TABLE_NAME;
--清楚表数据
truncate table TABLE_NAME;
-- 删除原有索引
alter table TABLE_NAME drop constraint UK_ZUHE;
--建立唯一索引
alter table TABLE_NAME add constraint UK_ZUHE unique (tract_code, coupons_type);
--恢复数据
insert into TABLE_NAME select * from TABLE_NAME_BAK;

 

 

 

posted @ 2018-12-06 11:35  龙卷风清扬  阅读(1876)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报