Servlet中response的相关案例(重定型,验证码,ServletContext文件下载)

重定向

  1. 首先设置状态码,设置响应头

    	//访问Demo1自动跳转至Demo2
        //设置状态码
        response.setStatus(302);
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("location","/response/responseDemo2");	
    
  2. 通过sendRedirect(String location)方法完成重定向

     		//访问Demo1自动跳转至Demo2
            response.sendRedirect("/response/responseDemo2");
    

    重定向特点 :redirect

    1. 地址栏发生变化

    2. 重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源

      response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com");

    3. 重定向是两次请求

    转发的特点:forward

    1. 转发路径不变
    2. 转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
    3. 转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据

    路径写法:

    路径分类

    1. 相对路径
      1. 找到当前资源和目标资源之间的位置关系
    2. 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
      1. 规则:判断定义的路径是给谁用的
        1. 客户端浏览器:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径)
        2. 给服务器用:不需要加虚拟目录

服务器输出字符数据到浏览器

  1. 步骤

    1. 获取字符输出流

    2. 输出数据

    3. 注意乱码

      		//设置流的默认编码:ISO-8859-1 设置为GBK,防止乱码
              response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
              //告诉浏览器,服务器发送的消息体数据的编码
              //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
              //简单形式。设置编码
              response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
              //获取字符输出流
              PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
              //输出数据
              writer.write("hello");
      

服务器输出字节数据到浏览器

  1. 步骤

    1. 获取字节输出流
    2. 输出数据
            response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
            //获取字节输出流
            ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
            //输出数据
            outputStream.write("hellow".getBytes());
    

验证码

  • 本质:图片
  • 目的:防止恶意操作

servlet代码:

 //创建对象,在内存中生成图片(验证码对象)
        int width=100;
        int height=50;

        BufferedImage bufferedImage=new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        //美化
        //填充背景色
        Graphics graphics=bufferedImage.getGraphics();
        //背景颜色
        graphics.setColor(Color.PINK);
        graphics.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
        //字体颜色
        graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        graphics.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
        String str="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
        //生成随机角标
        Random random=new Random();
        int x=0;
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
            int i = random.nextInt(str.length());
            char A=str.charAt(i);
            graphics.drawString(A+"",x+=20,25);
        }
        //画线
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            int x1 = random.nextInt(100);
            int x2 = random.nextInt(100);
            int y1 = random.nextInt(50);
            int y2 = random.nextInt(50);
            graphics.drawLine( x1,  y1,  x2,  y2);
        }


        //输出演示
        ImageIO.write(bufferedImage,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());

html:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册</title>
    <script>
        window.onload=function () {
            var a=document.getElementById("check");
            a.onclick=function () {
                //时间戳
                var date=new Date().getTime();
                a.src="/response/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
            }
            var  b=document.getElementById("change");
            b.onclick=function () {
                var elementsByName = document.getElementsByTagName("img")
                var date=new Date().getTime();
                elementsByName[0].setAttribute(src,"/response/checkCodeServlet?"+date)
            }
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<img id="check" src="/response/checkCodeServlet"/>
<a id="change" href="">看不清换一张</a>
</body>
</html>

文件下载 ServletContext

  1. 文件下载需求:
    1. 页面显示超链接
    2. 点击超链接后弹出下载提示框
    3. 完成图片文件下载

html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/rui/downloadServlet?filename=1.jpg">图片</a>
</body>
</html>

servlet

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author rui
 * @create 2019-08-07 22:07
 */
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取参数文件名
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //找到文件真是路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);

        //设置response的响应头类型context-type
        //获取文件类型
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
        response.setHeader("context-type",mimeType);
        //设置响应头打开方式content-disposition
        response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+filename);
        response.setContentType("content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx");
        //用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //将输入流写出到输出流
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }
        fis.close();
    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

  • 提示1.jpg是放在web下的img文件中的文件

  • 问题:

    • 中文文件名问题(中文变成”___“形式)
  • 解决:

    • 获取客户端使用的浏览器版本信息

    • 根据不同的版本信息,设置filename的编码方式

      1. 代码如下:

      使用DownLoadUtils工具类

      import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
      import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
      import java.net.URLEncoder;
      
      
      public class DownLoadUtils {
      
          public static String getFileName(String agent, String filename) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
              if (agent.contains("MSIE")) {
                  // IE浏览器
                  filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
                  filename = filename.replace("+", " ");
              } else if (agent.contains("Firefox")) {
                  // 火狐浏览器
                  BASE64Encoder base64Encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
                  filename = "=?utf-8?B?" + base64Encoder.encode(filename.getBytes("utf-8")) + "?=";
              } else {
                  // 其它浏览器
                  filename = URLEncoder.encode(filename, "utf-8");
              }
              return filename;
          }
      }
      
      
      1. 在设置响应头前加如下代码:

        //解决中文文件名问题
                    //获取user-agent请求头
                    String header = request.getHeader("user-agent");
                    filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(header, filename);
        

servlet完整代码:

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author rui
 * @create 2019-08-07 22:07
 */
@WebServlet("/downloadServlet")
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取参数文件名
        String filename = request.getParameter("filename");
        //找到文件真是路径
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/img/" + filename);

        //设置response的响应头类型context-type
        //获取文件类型
        String mimeType = servletContext.getMimeType(filename);
        response.setHeader("context-type", mimeType);

        //设置响应头打开方式content-disposition
            //解决中文文件名问题
            //获取user-agent请求头
            String header = request.getHeader("user-agent");
            filename = DownLoadUtils.getFileName(header, filename);
        response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + filename);
        response.setContentType("content-disposition:attachment;filename=xxx");
        //用字节流关联
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        //将输入流写出到输出流
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
            outputStream.write(bytes, 0, len);
        }
        fis.close();
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

posted @ 2019-08-07 23:00  PoetryAndYou  阅读(189)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报