C#规则引擎RulesEngine

当编写应用程序时,经常性需要花费大量的时间与精力处理业务逻辑,往往业务逻辑的变化需要重构或者增加大量代码,对开发测试人员很不友好。

之前在这篇文章说过,可以使用脚本引擎来将我们需要经常变化的代码进行动态编译执行,自由度非常大,不过对应的需要资源也多。如果只是针对非常具体业务逻辑的变化,可以尝试使用RulesEngine对程序进行操作。

下文使用了官方示例且部分内容翻译自说明文档

简介

RulesEngine是微软推出的规则引擎,规则引擎在很多企业开发中有所应用,是处理经常变动需求的一种优雅的方法。个人任务,规则引擎适用于以下的一些场景:

  • 输入输出类型数量比较固定,但是执行逻辑经常变化;
  • switch条件经常变化,复杂switch语句的替代;
  • 会变动的,具有多种条件或者规则的业务逻辑;
  • 规则自由度不要求特别高的场景。(这种情况建议使用脚本引擎)

RulesEngine的规则使用JSON进行存储,通过lambda表达式方式表述规则(Rules)。

安装很方便,直接使用nuget进行安装:

install-pacakge RulesEngine

规则定义

需要有Rules,有WorkflowName,然后还有一些属性。

[
  {
    "WorkflowName": "Discount",
    "Rules": [
      {
        "RuleName": "GiveDiscount10",
        "SuccessEvent": "10",
        "ErrorMessage": "One or more adjust rules failed.",
        "ErrorType": "Error",
        "RuleExpressionType": "LambdaExpression",
        "Expression": "input1.country == \"india\" AND input1.loyalityFactor <= 2 AND input1.totalPurchasesToDate >= 5000 AND input2.totalOrders > 2 AND input3.noOfVisitsPerMonth > 2"
      }
    ]
  }
]

除了标准的RuleExpressionType,还可以通过定义Rules嵌套多个条件,下面是Or逻辑。

{
"RuleName": "GiveDiscount30NestedOrExample",
"SuccessEvent": "30",
"ErrorMessage": "One or more adjust rules failed.",
"ErrorType": "Error",
"Operator": "OrElse",
"Rules":[
    {
    "RuleName": "IsLoyalAndHasGoodSpend",
    "ErrorMessage": "One or more adjust rules failed.",
    "ErrorType": "Error",
    "RuleExpressionType": "LambdaExpression",
    "Expression": "input1.loyalityFactor > 3 AND input1.totalPurchasesToDate >= 50000 AND input1.totalPurchasesToDate <= 100000"
    },
    {
    "RuleName": "OrHasHighNumberOfTotalOrders",
    "ErrorMessage": "One or more adjust rules failed.",
    "ErrorType": "Error",
    "RuleExpressionType": "LambdaExpression",
    "Expression": "input2.totalOrders > 15"
    }
]
}

示例

可以从官方的代码库中下载示例,定义了上述规则,就可以直接开始用了。示例描述了这么一个应用场景:

根据不同的客户属性,提供不同的折扣。由于销售的情况变化较快,提供折扣的规则也需要经常变动。因此比较适用于规则引擎。

public void Run()
{
    Console.WriteLine($"Running {nameof(BasicDemo)}....");
    //创建输入
    var basicInfo = "{\"name\": \"hello\",\"email\": \"abcy@xyz.com\",\"creditHistory\": \"good\",\"country\": \"canada\",\"loyalityFactor\": 3,\"totalPurchasesToDate\": 10000}";
    var orderInfo = "{\"totalOrders\": 5,\"recurringItems\": 2}";
    var telemetryInfo = "{\"noOfVisitsPerMonth\": 10,\"percentageOfBuyingToVisit\": 15}";

    var converter = new ExpandoObjectConverter();

    dynamic input1 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(basicInfo, converter);
    dynamic input2 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(orderInfo, converter);
    dynamic input3 = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ExpandoObject>(telemetryInfo, converter);

    var inputs = new dynamic[]
        {
            input1,
            input2,
            input3
        };
    //加载规则
    var files = Directory.GetFiles(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "Discount.json", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
    if (files == null || files.Length == 0)
        throw new Exception("Rules not found.");

    var fileData = File.ReadAllText(files[0]);
    var workflowRules = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<WorkflowRules>>(fileData);
    //初始化规则引擎
    var bre = new RulesEngine.RulesEngine(workflowRules.ToArray(), null);

    string discountOffered = "No discount offered.";
    //执行规则
    List<RuleResultTree> resultList = bre.ExecuteAllRulesAsync("Discount", inputs).Result;
    //处理结果
    resultList.OnSuccess((eventName) => {
        discountOffered = $"Discount offered is {eventName} % over MRP.";
    });

    resultList.OnFail(() => {
        discountOffered = "The user is not eligible for any discount.";
    });

    Console.WriteLine(discountOffered);
}

输入

输入一般来说是IEnumerable<dynamic>或者是匿名类型,上面实例展示的是由json反序列化形成的dynamic类型,对于程序生成的数据,使用匿名类型更加方便。

var nestedInput = new {
                SimpleProp = "simpleProp",
                NestedProp = new {
                    SimpleProp = "nestedSimpleProp",
                    ListProp = new List<ListItem>
                    {
                        new ListItem
                        {
                            Id = 1,
                            Value = "first"
                        },
                        new ListItem
                        {
                            Id = 2,
                            Value = "second"
                        }
                    }
                }

            };

命名空间

和脚本引擎一样,默认规则引擎只能访问System的命名空间。如果需要使用到稍微复杂一些的类型,可以自己定义类型或者函数。比如定义一个这样的函数:

public static class Utils
{
    public static bool CheckContains(string check, string valList)
    {
        if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(check) || String.IsNullOrEmpty(valList))
            return false;

        var list = valList.Split(',').ToList();
        return list.Contains(check);
    }
}

需要使用的时候,先将类传递给RulesEngine:

var reSettingsWithCustomTypes = new ReSettings { CustomTypes = new Type[] { typeof(Utils) } };
var engine = new RulesEngine.RulesEngine(workflowRules.ToArray(), null, reSettingsWithCustomTypes);

然后就可以直接在表达式中使用了。

"Expression": "Utils.CheckContains(input1.country, \"india,usa,canada,France\") == true"

规则参数

默认情况下,规则的输入使用的是类似input1 input2这样的形式,如果想直观一点,可以使用RuleParameter来进行封装具体的参数类型。

RuleParameter ruleParameter = new RuleParameter("NIP", nestedInput);
var resultList = bre.ExecuteAllRulesAsync(workflow.WorkflowName, ruleParameter).Result;

本地变量

如果表达式比较复杂的情况下,可以使用本地变量来进行分段处理,这对调试来说会比较方便。

本地变量的关键字为localParams,可以将中间的内容简单理解成var name = expression

{
        "name": "allow_access_if_all_mandatory_trainings_are_done_or_access_isSecure",
        "errorMessage": "Please complete all your training(s) to get access to this content or access it from a secure domain/location.",
        "errorType": "Error",
        "localParams": [
          {
            "name": "completedSecurityTrainings",
            "expression": "MasterSecurityComplainceTrainings.Where(Status.Equals(\"Completed\", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))"
          },
          {
            "name": "completedProjectTrainings",
            "expression": "MasterProjectComplainceTrainings.Where(Status.Equals(\"Completed\", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))"
          },
          {
            "name": "isRequestAccessSecured",
            "expression": "UserRequestDetails.Location.Country == \"India\" ? ((UserRequestDetails.Location.City == \"Bangalore\" && UserRequestDetails.Domain=\"xxxx\")? true : false):false"
          }
        ],
        "expression": "(completedSecurityTrainings.Any() && completedProjectTrainings.Any()) || isRequestAccessSecured "
      }

总结

使用规则引擎,可以将经常变动的业务逻辑独立摘出来,为我们编写动态、可拓展的程序提供了很大的便利。RulesEngine这个东西提供的API也比较简洁,上手非常简单。

posted @ 2021-02-06 00:17  波多尔斯基  阅读(10245)  评论(7编辑  收藏  举报