oracle数据库热备方案中，自动归档模式的相关问题，-------转【一例SPFILE设置错误导致数据库无法启动】
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--又一例SPFILE设置错误导致数据库无法启动
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SPFILE参数错误，容易导致数据库无法启动。关于SPFILE设置错误处理办法的总结，请参照：SPFILE错误导致数据库无法启动
此次的情况与上次的稍有不同，故列出该次的恢复过程
故障
SQL> startup
ORA-16032: parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST destination string cannot be translated
ORA-07286: sksagdi: cannot obtain device information.
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
分析
SQL> ho cat /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log --查看告警日志
Tue Aug 3 10:38:25 2010
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest='u01/app/oracle/archivelog1' SCOPE=SPFILE; --此处路径开始处少了"/"
Tue Aug 3 10:39:59 2010
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_duplex_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archivelog2' SCOPE=SPFILE;
Tue Aug 3 10:40:25 2010
Incremental changes to log_archive_dest_1 not allowed with SPFILE
Tue Aug 3 10:40:43 2010
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog3' SCOPE=SPFILE;
Tue Aug 3 10:40:57 2010
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_2='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog4' SCOPE=SPFILE;
Tue Aug 3 10:41:02 2010
Starting background process EMN0
EMN0 started with pid=21, OS id=3944
Tue Aug 3 10:41:02 2010
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled --实例开始关闭
Tue Aug 3 10:41:03 2010
Stopping background process QMNC
Tue Aug 3 10:41:04 2010
Stopping background process CJQ0
Tue Aug 3 10:41:05 2010
Stopping background process MMNL
Tue Aug 3 10:41:06 2010
Stopping background process MMON
Tue Aug 3 10:41:07 2010
Shutting down instance (immediate)
License high water mark = 7
Tue Aug 3 10:41:07 2010
Stopping Job queue slave processes
Tue Aug 3 10:41:12 2010
Process OS id : 3942 alive after kill
Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_3859.trc
Tue Aug 3 10:41:12 2010
Job queue slave processes stopped
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
Tue Aug 3 10:41:14 2010
ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
Tue Aug 3 10:41:15 2010
SMON: disabling tx recovery
SMON: disabling cache recovery
Tue Aug 3 10:41:15 2010
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Tue Aug 3 10:41:20 2010
ARCH shutting down
ARC1: Archival stopped
Tue Aug 3 10:41:25 2010
ARCH shutting down
ARC0: Archival stopped
Tue Aug 3 10:41:26 2010
Thread 1 closed at log sequence 46
Successful close of redo thread 1
Tue Aug 3 10:41:26 2010
Completed: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
Tue Aug 3 10:41:26 2010
ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT
ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active
ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active
Tue Aug 3 10:41:49 2010 --至此所有的进程都被关闭
Starting ORACLE instance (normal) --启动后仅出现了行提示
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2
SQL> ho ps -ef | grep oracle --后台进程被关闭
root 3796 3764 0 10:28 pts/0 00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle 3797 3796 0 10:29 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
oracle 3829 3797 0 10:29 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/bin/perl -w /usr/bin/uniread sqlplus / as sysdba
oracle 3830 3829 0 10:29 pts/1 00:00:00 sqlplus as sysdba
oracle 3947 3830 1 10:41 ? 00:00:02 oracleorcl (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle 3953 3830 0 10:43 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep oracle
oracle 3954 3953 0 10:43 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
SQL> ho strings /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfileorcl.ora --查看spfileorcl的信息
orcl.__db_cache_size=167772160
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=71303168
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.fast_start_mttr_target=30
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog3'
*.log_archive_dest_2='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog4'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest='u01/app/oracle/archivelog1' --同告警日志提示的一样，路径开始处少了"/"
*.log_archive_duplex_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archivelog2'
*.log_archive_format='arc_%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=83886080
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=251658240
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
解决
SQL> vim /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/initorcl.ora --由于没有备份的参数文件，在此新建一个pfile.
--如果有内容可以先清空其内容然后再添加如下内容并保存
spfile='/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfileorcl.ora'
log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archivelog1/'
SQL> startup pfile = '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initorcl.ora'; --再次提示错误，原来是归档方式不兼容导致
ORA-16019: cannot use LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1 with LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST or LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST
--根据上面的错误提示在使用LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1不能同时指定LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST和LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST参数
--再次修改initorcl.ora，添加以下内容，添加后的结果如下
--注意此处是将log_archive_dest_1和log_archive_dest_2清空
--也可以将log_archive_dest和log_archive_duplex_dest置空，因为这是两种不同的归档方式，互不兼容
SQL> ho cat /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/initorcl.ora --查看修改后的初始化参数
spfile='/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfileorcl.ora'
log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/archivelog1/'
log_archive_dest_1=''
log_archive_dest_2=''
SQL> startup pfile = '/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/initorcl.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes
Fixed Size 1218796 bytes
Variable Size 79693588 bytes
Database Buffers 167772160 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter pfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfile
orcl.ora
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/spfile
orcl.ora
SQL> desc v$spparameter
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SID VARCHAR2(80)
NAME VARCHAR2(80)
VALUE VARCHAR2(255)
DISPLAY_VALUE VARCHAR2(255)
ISSPECIFIED VARCHAR2(6)
ORDINAL NUMBER
UPDATE_COMMENT VARCHAR2(255)
SQL> select distinct isspecified from v$spparameter;
ISSPEC
------
TRUE --第一行为true 可以知道数据库使用spfile参数启动
FALSE
SQL> show parameter log_archive --查看log_archive相关参数
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_config string
log_archive_dest string /u01/app/oracle/archivelog1/ --该参数已显示正确路径
log_archive_dest_1 string --该参数已经被初始化的pfile置空
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_2 string --该参数已经被初始化的pfile置空
log_archive_dest_3 string
log_archive_dest_4 string
log_archive_dest_5 string
log_archive_dest_6 string
log_archive_dest_7 string
log_archive_dest_8 string
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_9 string
log_archive_dest_state_1 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_10 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_2 string ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_3 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_4 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_5 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_6 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_7 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_8 string enable
log_archive_dest_state_9 string enable
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_duplex_dest string /u01/app/oracle/archivelog2
log_archive_format string arc_%t_%s_%r.arc
log_archive_local_first boolean TRUE
log_archive_max_processes integer 2
log_archive_min_succeed_dest integer 1
log_archive_start boolean FALSE
log_archive_trace integer 0
--将出现错误的几个参数永久化修改到spfile参数
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/archivelog1' scope = spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = '' scope = spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = '' scope = spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup --实例正常从spfile 启动
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes
Fixed Size 1218796 bytes
Variable Size 79693588 bytes
Database Buffers 167772160 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create pfile = '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora.bak' from spfile;
File created. --备份spfile
