C++ Primer Plus(第6版)中文版——课后练习程序代码
博客内容经历了一次整理,以前发的博文太散、没什么水准,搞的随笔分类越来越多orz,这次把CPP这本书的课后练习的程序代码放到一起方便查阅与修改。。嗯
9.6.1
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#ifndef _9.6.1_H_ #define _9.6.1_H_ #include <iostream> #include <cstring> const int Len = 40; struct golf { char fullname[Len]; int handicap; }; //non-interactive version //function sets golf structure to provided name, handicap //using values passed as arguments to the function void setgolf(golf & g, const char * name, int hc); //interactive version //function solicits name and handicap fron user //and sets the members of g to the values entered //return 1 if name is enterd, 0 if name is empty string int setgolf(golf & g); //function resets handicap to new value void handicap(golf & g, int hc); //function displays contents of golf structure void showgolf(const golf & g); #endif
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#include "9.6.1.h" void setgolf(golf & g, const char * name, int hc) { memcpy(g.fullname, name, Len); g.handicap = hc; } int setgolf(golf & g) { char str[Len] = ""; int hc = 0; std::cout << "Enter the name : "; std::cin.getline(str,Len); //会接受空格、回车、TAB等空字符串 if(str[0] == '\0') { return 0; } std::cout << "Enter the handicap : "; std::cin >> hc; std::cin.get(); //接收掉上一次输入丢下的回车字符 setgolf(g, str, hc); return 1; } void handicap(golf & g, int hc) { g.handicap = hc; } void showgolf(const golf & g) { std::cout << "Name : " << g.fullname << std::endl; std::cout << "Handicap : " << g.handicap << std::endl << std::endl; }
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#include "9.6.1.h" int main(void) { golf g[10]; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if(setgolf(g[i]) == 0) { std::cout << "End input!" << std::endl; break; } showgolf(g[i]); } if(g[0].fullname[0] != '\0') { handicap(g[0], 10086); showgolf(g[0]); } return 0; }
9.6.2
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#include <iostream> #include <string> const int ArSize = 10; void strcount(const std::string & str) { using namespace std; static int total = 0; int count = 0; cout << "\"" << str << "\" contains "; count += str.length(); total += count; cout << count << " characters\n"; cout << total << " characters total\n"; } int main() { using namespace std; string input; cout << "Enter a line:\n"; getline(cin, input); while(input != "") { strcount(input); cout << "Enter next line (empty line to quit):\n"; getline(cin, input); } cout << "Bye\n"; return 0; }
9.6.3
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> using namespace std; struct chaff { char dross[20]; int slag; }; void fun1() { const int BUF = 512; char buffer[BUF]; chaff * p = new (buffer) chaff[2]; // do not delete strcpy(p->dross, "PingGe"); p[0].slag = 10086; strcpy(p[1].dross, "Hello"); p[1].slag = 2013; for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { cout << &p[i] << " : " << p[i].dross << " : " << p[i].slag << endl; } } void fun2() { const int BUF = 512; char * buffer = new char[BUF]; // must delete chaff * p = new (buffer) chaff[2]; strcpy(p[0].dross, "PingGe"); p[0].slag = 10086; strcpy(p[1].dross, "Hello"); p[1].slag = 2013; for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { cout << &p[i] << " : " << p[i].dross << " : " << p[i].slag << endl; } delete [] buffer; } int main() { fun1(); fun2(); return 0; }
9.6.4
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#ifndef _9.6.4_H_ #define _9.6.4_H_ #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> namespace SALES { const int QUARTERS = 4; struct Sales { double sales[QUARTERS]; double average; double max; double min; }; //copies the lesser of 4 or n items from the array ar //to the sales member of s and computes and stores the //average, maximum, and minimum values of the enterd items; //remaining elements of sales, if any, set to 0 void setSales(Sales & s, const double ar[], int n); //gathers sales for 4 quarters interactively, stores them //in the sales member of s and computes and stores the //average, maximum, and minimum values void setSales(Sales & s); //display all information in structure s void showSales(const Sales & s); } #endif
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#include "9.6.4.h" namespace SALES { void setSales(Sales & s, const double ar[], int n) { double sum = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { s.sales[i] = ar[i]; sum += ar[i]; } for(int i = n; i < QUARTERS; i++) { s.sales[i] = 0; } s.average = sum / n; //STL求最大值算法,返回的是指针- - s.max = *std::max_element(s.sales, s.sales + n); s.min = *std::min_element(s.sales, s.sales + n); } void setSales(Sales & s) { double sum = 0.0; std::cout << "Input the " << QUARTERS << " number" << std::endl; for(int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++) { std::cin >> s.sales[i]; sum += s.sales[i]; } s.average = sum / QUARTERS; //STL求最大值算法,返回的是指针- - s.max = *std::max_element(s.sales, s.sales + QUARTERS); s.min = *std::min_element(s.sales, s.sales + QUARTERS); } void showSales(const Sales & s) { std::cout << "Sales : "; for(int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++) { std::cout << s.sales[i] << " "; } std::cout << std::endl << "Average : " << s.average << std::endl; std::cout << "Max : " << s.max << std::endl; std::cout << "Min : " << s.min << std::endl; } }
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#include "9.6.4.h" int main(void) { SALES::Sales a, b; SALES::setSales(a); SALES::showSales(a); std::cout << std::endl; double ar[] = {1.23, 3.5, 6, 1}; SALES::setSales(b, ar, 4); SALES::showSales(b); return 0; }
10.10.1
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#ifndef _10.10.1_H_ #define _10.10.1_H_ #include <iostream> #include <string> class BankAccount { private: std::string name; std::string acctnum; double balance; public: BankAccount(const std::string & client, const std::string & num, double bal = 0.0); void show(void) const; void deposit(double cash); void withdraw(double cash); }; #endif
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#include "10.10.1.h" BankAccount::BankAccount(const std::string & client, const std::string & num, double bal) { name = client; acctnum = num; balance = bal; } void BankAccount::show(void) const { std::cout << "Name : " << name << std::endl; std::cout << "Acctnum : " << acctnum << std::endl; //Store original flags std::streamsize prec = std::cout.precision(2); std::ios_base::fmtflags orig = std::cout.setf(std::ios_base::fixed); std::cout << "Money : " << balance << std::endl << std::endl;; //Reset to stored values std::cout.setf(orig, std::ios_base::floatfield); std::cout.precision(prec); } void BankAccount::deposit(double cash) { if(cash <= 0) { std::cerr << "Error : money must >0!" << std::endl; } else { balance += cash; } } void BankAccount::withdraw(double cash) { if(cash <= 0) { std::cerr << "Error : money must >0!" << std::endl; } else if(balance - cash < 0) { std::cerr << "Error : you can only take out : " << balance << "$" << std::endl; } else { balance -= cash; } }
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#include "10.10.1.h" int main(void) { BankAccount pingge("PingGe", "10086", 99999999); pingge.show(); pingge.deposit(1); pingge.show(); pingge.deposit(-1); pingge.show(); pingge.withdraw(99999999); pingge.show(); pingge.withdraw(2); pingge.show(); return 0; }
10.10.2
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#ifndef _10.10.2_H_ #define _10.10.2_H_ #include <string> #include <iostream> class Person { private: static const int LIMIT = 25; std::string lname; //Person's last name char fname[LIMIT]; //Person's first name public: Person(); //#1 Person(const std::string & ln, const char * fn = "Heyyou"); //#2 //The following methods display lname and fname void Show(void) const; //firstname lastname format void FormalShow(void) const; //lastname firstname format }; #endif
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#include "10.10.2.h" #include <cstring> Person::Person() { lname = ""; fname[0] = '\0'; } Person::Person(const std::string & ln, const char * fn) { lname = ln; memcpy(fname, fn, LIMIT); } void Person::Show(void) const { std::cout << "Firstname : " << fname << std::endl; std::cout << "Lastname : " << lname << std::endl; } void Person::FormalShow(void) const { std::cout << "Lastname : " << lname << std::endl; std::cout << "Firstname : " << fname << std::endl; }
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#include "10.10.2.h" int main(void) { Person one; Person two("Smythecraft"); Person three = Person("Dimwiddy", "Sam"); one.Show(); one.FormalShow(); two.Show(); two.FormalShow(); three.Show(); three.FormalShow(); return 0; }
10.10.3
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#ifndef _10.10.3_H_ #define _10.10.3_H_ #include <string> #include <cstring> #include <iostream> class golf { private: std::string fullname; int handicap_; public: golf(); golf(const std::string & name, int hc); ~golf(); void handicap(int hc); void showgolf(void) const; }; #endif
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#include "10.10.3.h" golf::golf() { std::cout << "Enter the name : "; std::cin >> this->fullname; std::cout << "Enter the handicap : "; std::cin >> this->handicap_; } golf::golf(const std::string & name, int hc) { fullname = name; handicap_ = hc; } golf::~golf() { std::cout << "Call ~golf" << std::endl; } void golf::handicap(int hc) { handicap_ = hc; } void golf::showgolf(void) const { std::cout << "Name : " << fullname << std::endl; std::cout << "Handicap : " << handicap_ << std::endl; }
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#include "10.10.3.h" int main(void) { (golf()).showgolf(); golf p = golf("pingge", 10086); p.showgolf(); golf q; q.showgolf(); golf r("fuck", 110); r.showgolf(); return 0; }
10.10.4
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#ifndef _10.10.4_H_ #define _10.10.4_H_ #include <iostream> #include <algorithm> namespace SALES { class Sales { private: //enum{QUARTERS = 4}; static const int QUARTERS = 4; double sales[QUARTERS], average, max, min; public: //copies the lesser of 4 or n items from the array ar //to the sales member of s and computes and stores the //average, maximum, and minimum values of the enterd items; //remaining elements of sales, if any, set to 0 Sales(const double ar[], int n); //gathers sales for 4 quarters interactively, stores them //in the sales member of s and computes and stores the //average, maximum, and minimum values Sales(); //display all information in structure s void showSales(void) const; }; } #endif
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#include "10.10.4.h" namespace SALES { Sales::Sales() { std::cout << "Input the " << QUARTERS << " number" << std::endl; double sum = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++) { std::cin >> sales[i]; sum += sales[i]; } average = sum / QUARTERS; //STL求最大值算法,返回的是指针- - max = *std::max_element(sales, sales + QUARTERS); min = *std::min_element(sales, sales + QUARTERS); } Sales::Sales(const double ar[], int n) { double sum = 0.0; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { sales[i] = ar[i]; sum += ar[i]; } for(int i = n; i < QUARTERS; i++) { sales[i] = 0; } average = sum / n; //STL求最大值算法,返回的是指针- - max = *std::max_element(sales, sales + n); min = *std::min_element(sales, sales + n); } void Sales::showSales(void) const { std::cout << "Sales : "; for(int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; i++) { std::cout << sales[i] << " "; } std::cout << std::endl << "Average : " << average << std::endl; std::cout << "Max : " << max << std::endl; std::cout << "Min : " << min << std::endl; } }
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#include "10.10.4.h" int main(void) { SALES::Sales a; a.showSales(); double ar[] = {1.23, 3.5, 6, 1}; SALES::Sales b(ar, 4); b.showSales(); return 0; }
10.10.5
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#ifndef _10.10.5_H_ #define _10.10.5_H_ struct customer { char fullname[35]; double payment; }; typedef customer Item; class Stack { private: enum {MAX = 10}; //constant specific to class Item items[MAX]; //holds stack items int top; //index for top stack item public: Stack(); bool isempty() const; bool isfull() const; //add item to stack //push() returns false if stack already is full, true otherwise bool push(const Item & item); //pop top into item //pop() returns false if stack already is empty, true otherwise bool pop(Item & item); }; #endif
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#include "10.10.5.h" Stack::Stack() { top = 0; } bool Stack::isempty() const { return top == 0; } bool Stack::isfull() const { return top == MAX; } bool Stack::push(const Item & item) { if(top < MAX) { items[top++] = item; return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stack::pop(Item & item) { if(top > 0) { item = items[--top]; return true; } else { return false; } }
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#include <iostream> #include "10.10.5.h" int main(void) { Item a{"pingge", 10086}; Item b; Stack st; while(st.push(a) == true); while(st.pop(b) == true ) { std::cout << b.fullname << b.payment << std::endl; } return 0; }
10.10.6
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#ifndef _10.10.6_H_ #define _10.10.6_H_ #include <iostream> class Move { private: double x; double y; public: Move(double a = 0, double b = 0); //Sets x, y to a, b void showmove(void) const; //Shows current x, y values //This function adds x of m to x of invoking object to get new x, //adds y of m to y of invoking object to get new y, creates a new //move object initialized to new x, y values and returns it Move add(const Move & m) const; void reset(double a = 0, double b = 0); //Resets x, y to a, b }; #endif
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#include "10.10.6.h" Move::Move(double a, double b) { x = a; y = b; } void Move::showmove(void) const { std::cout << "X : " << x << std::endl; std::cout << "Y : " << y << std::endl; } Move Move::add(const Move & m) const { Move new_object = Move(x + m.x, y + m.y); return new_object; } void Move::reset(double a, double b) { x = a; y = b; }
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#include "10.10.6.h" int main() { Move a(1.23, 4.56); a.showmove(); (a.add(Move(1, 1))).showmove(); a.reset(); a.showmove(); return 0; }
10.10.8
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#ifndef _10.10.7_H_ #define _10.10.7_H_ #include <iostream> #include <string> struct node { std::string name; int money; }; typedef node Item; class List { private: struct NODE { Item data; struct NODE * last; struct NODE * next; }; NODE *head, *p; unsigned long Length; public: List(); ~List(); void Add(const Item & item); unsigned long Size(void) const; void Clear(void); bool Empty(void) const; Item & Front(void) const; Item & Back(void) const; void Visit(void(*pf)(Item &)); }; #endif
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#include "10.10.8.h" List::List() { head = new NODE; head->last = head->next = head; p = NULL; Length = 0; } List::~List() { NODE *q = NULL; for(p = head->next; p->next != head; p = q) { q = p->next; delete p; } delete head; } void List::Add(const Item & item) { p = new NODE; p->data = item; p->last = head->last; p->last->next = p; p->next = head; head->last = p; Length++; } unsigned long List::Size(void) const { return Length; } void List::Clear(void) { NODE *q = NULL; for(p = head->next; p != head; p = q) { q = p->next; delete p; } head->last = head->next = head; p = NULL; Length = 0; } bool List::Empty(void) const { if(head->next == head) { return true; } else { return false; } } Item & List::Front(void) const { return head->next->data; } Item & List::Back(void) const { return head->last->data; } void List::Visit(void (*pf)(Item &)) { for(p = head->next; p != head; p = p->next) { (*pf)(p->data); } }
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#include "10.10.8.h" void Show(const Item & item) { std::cout << "Name : " << item.name << std::endl; std::cout << "Money : " << item.money << std::endl << std::endl; } void Operate(Item & item) { item.money += 10; } int main() { Item a{"PingGe", 10086}, b{"Ass", -1}; List list; std::cout << (list.Empty() ? "List is empty!" : "List isn't empty!") << std::endl; std::cout << "List length : " << list.Size() << std::endl; //1add std::cout << std::endl << "Begin Add" << std::endl;; list.Add(a); std::cout << "Front of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Front()); std::cout << "Back of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Back()); std::cout << (list.Empty() ? "List is empty!" : "List isn't empty!") << std::endl; std::cout << "List length : " << list.Size() << std::endl; //2add std::cout << std::endl << "Next Add" << std::endl;; list.Add(b); std::cout << "Front of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Front()); std::cout << "Back of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Back()); std::cout << (list.Empty() ? "List is empty!" : "List isn't empty!") << std::endl; std::cout << "List length : " << list.Size() << std::endl; //3operate +10 std::cout << std::endl << "Call operate" << std::endl;; list.Visit(&Operate); std::cout << "Front of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Front()); std::cout << "Back of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Back()); std::cout << (list.Empty() ? "List is empty!" : "List isn't empty!") << std::endl; std::cout << "List length : " << list.Size() << std::endl; //4clear std::cout << std::endl << "Call clear" << std::endl;; list.Clear(); //std::cout << "Front of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Front()); //std::cout << "Back of the list : " << std::endl; Show(list.Back()); std::cout << (list.Empty() ? "List is empty!" : "List isn't empty!") << std::endl; std::cout << "List length : " << list.Size() << std::endl; return 0; }
11.9.1
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#ifndef _11.9.1_H_ #define _11.9.1_H_ #include <iostream> namespace VECTOR { class Vector { public: enum Mode{RECT,POL}; //RECT for rectangular, POL for Polar modes private: double x; //horizontal value double y; //vertical value double mag; //length of vectot double ang; //direction of vector in degrees Mode mode; //RECT or POL //private methods for setting values void set_mag(void); void set_ang(void); void set_x(void); void set_y(void); public: Vector(); Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT); void reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT); ~Vector(); double xval(void) const {return x;} //return x value double yval(void) const {return y;} //return y value double magval(void) const {return mag;} //return magnitude double angval(void) const {return ang;} //return angle void polar_mode(void); //set mode to POL void rect_mode(void); //set mode to RECT //operator overloading Vector operator+(const Vector & b) const; Vector operator-(const Vector & b) const; Vector operator-(void) const; Vector operator*(double n) const; //friends friend Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a); friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v); }; }//end namespace VECTOR #endif
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#include <cmath> #include "11.9.1.h" using std::sqrt; using std::sin; using std::cos; using std::atan; using std::atan2; using std::cout; namespace VECTOR { //compute degrees in one radian //should be about 57.2957795130823 const double Rad_to_deg = 45.0 / atan(1.0); //private methods //calculates magnitude from x and y void Vector::set_mag(void) { mag = sqrt(x * x + y * y); } void Vector::set_ang(void) { if(x == 0.0 && y == 0.0) { ang = 0.0; } else { ang = atan2(y, x); } } //set x from polar coordinate void Vector::set_x(void) { x = mag * cos(ang); } //set y from polar coordinate void Vector::set_y(void) { y = mag * sin(ang); } //public methods //default constructor Vector::Vector() { x = y = mag = ang = 0.0; mode = RECT; } //construct vector from rectangular coordinates if form is r //(the default) or else from polar coordinates if form is p Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form) { mode = form; if(form == RECT) { x = n1; y = n2; set_mag(); set_ang(); } else if(form == POL) { mag = n1; ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg; set_x(); set_y(); } else { cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() -- "; cout << "vector set to 0\n"; x = y = mag = ang = 0.0; mode = RECT; } } //reset vector from rectangular coordinates if form is //RECT (the default) or else from polar coordinates if //form is POL void Vector::reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form) { mode = form; if(form == RECT) { x = n1; y = n2; set_mag(); set_ang(); } else if(form == POL) { mag = n1; ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg; set_x(); set_y(); } else { cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() -- "; cout << "vector set to 0\n"; x = y = mag = ang = 0.0; mode = RECT; } } Vector::~Vector() //destructor { } void Vector::polar_mode(void) //set to polar mode { mode = POL; } void Vector::rect_mode(void) //set to rectangular mode { mode = RECT; } //operator overloading //add two Vectors Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector & b) const { return Vector(x + b.x, y + b.y); } //subtract Vector b from a Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector & b) const { return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y); } //reverse sign of Vector Vector Vector::operator-(void) const { return Vector(-x, -y); } //multiply vector by n Vector Vector::operator*(double n) const { return Vector(n * x, n * y); } //friend methods //mutiply n by Vector a Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a) { return a * n; } //display rectangular coordinates if mode is RECT //else display polar coordinates if mode is POL std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v) { if(v.mode == Vector::RECT) { os << "(x, y) = (" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ")"; } else if(v.mode == Vector::POL) { os << "(m, a) = (" << v.mag << ", " << v.ang * Rad_to_deg << ")"; } else { os << "vector object mode is invalid"; } return os; } }//end namespace VECTOR
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#include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> #include <fstream> #include "11.9.1.h" int main(void) { using namespace std; using VECTOR::Vector; srand(time(0)); //seed random-number generator ofstream fout; fout.open("text.txt"); //open the file double direction; Vector step; Vector result(0.0, 0.0); unsigned long steps = 0; double target; double dstep; cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit) : "; while(cin >> target) { cout << "Enter step length : "; if(!(cin >> dstep)) { break; } fout << "Target Distance : " << target << ", " << "Step Size : " << dstep << endl; fout << steps << " : " << result << endl; while(result.magval() < target) { direction = rand() % 360; step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL); result = result + step; //result += step; steps++; fout << steps << " : " << result << endl; } fout << "After " << steps << " steps, the subject had the following location : " << endl;; fout << result << endl; result.polar_mode(); fout << " or\n" << result << endl; fout << "Averager outward distance per step = " << result.magval() / steps << endl; steps = 0; result.reset(0.0, 0.0); cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit) : "; } cout << "Bye!\n"; return 0; }
11.9.5
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#ifndef _11.9.5_H_ #define _11.9.5_H_ class Stonewt { public: enum Mode{STONE, INTPOUND, FLOATPOUND}; private: enum {Lbs_per_stn = 14}; int stone; double pds_left; double pounds; Mode mode; public: Stonewt(double lbs, Mode mode_ = FLOATPOUND); Stonewt(int stn, double lbs, Mode mode_ = FLOATPOUND); Stonewt(Mode mode_ = FLOATPOUND); ~Stonewt(); //operator overloading Stonewt operator+(const Stonewt & st) const; Stonewt operator-(const Stonewt & st) const; Stonewt operator*(const double n) const; //friends friend Stonewt operator*(const double n, const Stonewt & st); friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stonewt & st); }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include "11.9.5.h" using std::cout; using std::endl; Stonewt::Stonewt(double lbs, Mode mode_) { mode = mode_; stone = int(lbs) / Lbs_per_stn; pds_left = int(lbs) % Lbs_per_stn + lbs - int(lbs); pounds = lbs; } Stonewt::Stonewt(int stn, double lbs, Mode mode_) { mode = mode_; stone = stn; pds_left = lbs; pounds = stn * Lbs_per_stn + lbs; } Stonewt::Stonewt(Mode mode_) { mode = mode_; stone = pounds = pds_left = 0; } Stonewt::~Stonewt() { } Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(const Stonewt & st) const { return Stonewt(pounds + st.pounds); } Stonewt Stonewt::operator-(const Stonewt & st) const { return Stonewt(pounds - st.pounds); } Stonewt Stonewt::operator*(const double n) const { return Stonewt(pounds * n); } Stonewt operator*(const double n, const Stonewt & st) { return st * n; } std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stonewt & st) { if(st.mode == Stonewt::STONE) { os << st.stone << " stone, " << st.pds_left << " pounds"; } else if(st.mode == Stonewt::INTPOUND) { os << (int)(st.pounds + 0.5) << " pounds"; } else if(st.mode == Stonewt::FLOATPOUND) { os << st.pounds << " pounds"; } else { os << "Error"; } return os; }
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#include <iostream> #include "11.9.5.h" using std::cout; using std::endl; void display(const Stonewt & st, int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << "Wow! "; cout<<st; } } int main() { Stonewt incognito = 275; Stonewt wolfe(285.7, Stonewt::STONE); Stonewt taft(21, 8, Stonewt::STONE); cout << "The celebrity weight "; cout << incognito << endl; cout << "The detective weight "; cout << wolfe << endl; cout << "The President weight "; cout << taft << endl; incognito = 276.8; taft = 325; cout << "After dinner, the celebrity weight "; cout << incognito << endl; cout << "After dinner, the President weight "; cout << taft << endl; display(taft, 2); cout << "The wrestler weighed even more.\n"; display(422, 2); cout << "No stone left unearned\n"; cout << endl << "TEST the operator : " << endl; cout << "incognito : " << incognito << endl; cout << "wolfe : " << wolfe << endl; cout << "taft : " << taft << endl; cout << "incognito + wolfe = " << incognito + wolfe << endl; cout << "taft - incognito = " << taft - incognito << endl; cout << "taft * 2 = " << taft * 2 << endl << "2 * taft := " << 2 * taft << endl; return 0; }
11.9.6
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#ifndef _11.9.6_H_ #define _11.9.6_H_ class Stonewt { public: enum Mode{STONE, INTPOUND, FLOATPOUND}; private: enum {Lbs_per_stn = 14}; int stone; double pds_left; double pounds; Mode mode; public: Stonewt(double lbs, Mode mode_ = FLOATPOUND); Stonewt(int stn, double lbs, Mode mode_ = FLOATPOUND); Stonewt(Mode mode_ = FLOATPOUND); ~Stonewt(); //operator overloading Stonewt operator+(const Stonewt & st) const; Stonewt operator-(const Stonewt & st) const; Stonewt operator*(const double n) const; bool operator==(const Stonewt & st) const; bool operator!=(const Stonewt & st) const; bool operator>(const Stonewt & st) const; bool operator>=(const Stonewt & st) const; bool operator<(const Stonewt & st) const; bool operator<=(const Stonewt & st) const; //friends friend Stonewt operator*(const double n, const Stonewt & st); friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stonewt & st); friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, Stonewt & st); }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include "11.9.6.h" using std::cout; using std::endl; Stonewt::Stonewt(double lbs, Mode mode_) { mode = mode_; stone = int(lbs) / Lbs_per_stn; pds_left = int(lbs) % Lbs_per_stn + lbs - int(lbs); pounds = lbs; } Stonewt::Stonewt(int stn, double lbs, Mode mode_) { mode = mode_; stone = stn; pds_left = lbs; pounds = stn * Lbs_per_stn + lbs; } Stonewt::Stonewt(Mode mode_) { mode = mode_; stone = pounds = pds_left = 0; } Stonewt::~Stonewt() { } //operator overloading Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(const Stonewt & st) const { return Stonewt(pounds + st.pounds); } Stonewt Stonewt::operator-(const Stonewt & st) const { return Stonewt(pounds - st.pounds); } Stonewt Stonewt::operator*(const double n) const { return Stonewt(pounds * n); } bool Stonewt::operator==(const Stonewt & st) const { if(pounds == st.pounds) { return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stonewt::operator!=(const Stonewt & st) const { if(pounds != st.pounds) { return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stonewt::operator>(const Stonewt & st) const { if(pounds > st.pounds) { return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stonewt::operator>=(const Stonewt & st) const { if(pounds >= st.pounds) { return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stonewt::operator<(const Stonewt & st) const { if(pounds < st.pounds) { return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stonewt::operator<=(const Stonewt & st) const { if(pounds <= st.pounds) { return true; } else { return false; } } //friends Stonewt operator*(const double n, const Stonewt & st) { return st * n; } std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stonewt & st) { if(st.mode == Stonewt::STONE) { os << st.stone << " stone, " << st.pds_left << " pounds"; } else if(st.mode == Stonewt::INTPOUND) { os << (int)(st.pounds + 0.5) << " pounds"; } else if(st.mode == Stonewt::FLOATPOUND) { os << st.pounds << " pounds"; } else { os << "Error"; } return os; } std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, Stonewt & st) { double n; is >> n; st = Stonewt(n); return is; }
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#include <iostream> #include "11.9.6.h" using std::cin; using std::cout; using std::endl; int main() { Stonewt st[6] = {{275}, {285.7, Stonewt::FLOATPOUND}, {21, 8, Stonewt::FLOATPOUND}}; cout << "Input the other three pounds : "; for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { cin >> st[3 + i]; } cout << "Show : " << endl; for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { cout << st[i] << endl; } const Stonewt * p_max, * p_min; p_max = p_min = &st[0]; for(int i = 1; i < 6; i++) { p_max = *p_max>st[i] ? p_max : &st[i]; p_min = *p_min<st[i] ? p_min : &st[i]; } cout << "MAX : " << *p_max << endl; cout << "MIN : " << *p_min << endl; Stonewt st_11(11, 0); int n = 0; for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { st[i] >= st_11 ? n++ : 1; } cout << "ANS : " << n << endl; return 0; }
11.9.7
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#ifndef _11.9.7_H_ #define _11.9.7_H_ #include <iostream> class Complex { private: double a, b; public: Complex(); Complex(double a_, double b_); //operator overloading Complex operator+(const Complex & c) const; Complex operator-(const Complex & c) const; Complex operator*(const Complex & c) const; Complex operator~(void) const; //firends friend Complex operator*(const Complex & c, double x); friend Complex operator*(double x, const Complex & c); friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Complex & c); friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, Complex & c); }; #endif
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#include "11.9.7.h" Complex::Complex() { a = b = 0.0; } Complex::Complex(double a_, double b_) { a = a_; b = b_; } Complex Complex::operator+(const Complex & c) const { return Complex(a + c.a, b + c.b); } Complex Complex::operator-(const Complex & c) const { return Complex(a - c.a, b - c.b); } Complex Complex::operator*(const Complex & c) const { return Complex(a * c.a - b * c.b, a * c.b + b * c.a); } Complex Complex::operator~(void) const { return Complex(a, -b); } Complex operator*(const Complex & c, double x) { return Complex(x * c.a, x * c.b); } Complex operator*(double x, const Complex & c) { return Complex(x * c.a, x * c.b); } std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Complex & c) { os << "(" << c.a << ", " << c.b << "i)"; return os; } std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, Complex & c) { std::cout << "real : "; is >> c.a; std::cout << "imaginary : "; is >> c.b; return is; }
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#include "11.9.7.h" using namespace std; int main(void) { Complex a(3.0, 4.0); Complex c; cout << "Enter a complex number (q to quit) : " << endl; while(cin >> c) { cout << "c is " << c << endl; cout << "complex conjugate is " << ~c << endl; cout << "a is " << a << endl; cout << "a + c is " << a + c << endl; cout << "a - c is " << a - c << endl; cout << "a * c is " << a * c << endl; cout << "2 * c is " << 2 * c << endl; cout << "Enter a complex number (q to quit) : " << endl; } cout << "Done!" << endl; return 0; }
12.10.1
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#ifndef _COW_H_ #define _COW_H_ class Cow { private: char name[20]; char * hobby; double weight; public: Cow(); Cow(const char * nm, const char * ho, double wt); Cow(const Cow & c); ~Cow(); Cow & operator=(const Cow & c); void ShowCow(void) const; //display all cow data }; #endif
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#include "12.10.1.h" #include <iostream> #include <cstring> Cow::Cow() { name[0] = '\0'; //hobby = NULL; hobby = new char[1]; hobby[0] = '\0'; weight = 0; } Cow::Cow(const char * nm, const char * ho, double wt) { strcpy(name, nm); hobby = new char[strlen(ho) + 1]; strcpy(hobby, ho); weight = wt; } Cow::Cow(const Cow & c) { strcpy(name, c.name); hobby = new char[strlen(c.hobby) + 1]; strcpy(hobby, c.hobby); weight = c.weight; } Cow::~Cow() { std::cout << "Call ~Cow!" << std::endl; delete [] hobby; } Cow & Cow::operator=(const Cow & c) { if(this == &c) { return *this; } strcpy(name, c.name); delete [] hobby; hobby = new char[strlen(c.hobby) + 1]; strcpy(hobby, c.hobby); weight = c.weight; return *this; } void Cow::ShowCow(void) const { std::cout << "Name : " << name << std::endl; std::cout << "Hobby : " << hobby << " : " << &hobby << std::endl; std::cout << "Weight : " << weight << std::endl; }
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#include "12.10.1.h" int main(void) { { Cow c1; Cow c2("PingGe", "Watch TV", 120); Cow c3(c2); Cow c4 = c3; c1.ShowCow(); c2.ShowCow(); c3.ShowCow(); c4.ShowCow(); } return 0; }
12.10.2
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#ifndef _12.10.2_H_ #define _12.10.2_H_ #include <iostream> class String { private: char * str; //pointer to string int len; //length of string static int num_strings; //number of objects static const int CINLIM = 80; //cin input limit public: //constructors and other methods String(const char * s); //constructor String(); //default constructor String(const String & st); //copy constructor ~String(); //destructor int length(void) const {return len;} //overloaded operator methods String & operator=(const String & st); String & operator=(const char * s); char & operator[](int i); const char & operator[](int i) const; //overloaded operator friends friend bool operator<(const String & st1, const String & st2); friend bool operator>(const String & st1, const String & st2); friend bool operator==(const String & st1, const String & st2); friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const String & st); friend std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, String & st); //new methods friend String operator+(const String & st1, const String & st2); void Stringlow(void); void Stringup(void); int has(const char & ch) const; //static function static int HowMany(void); }; #endif
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#include <cstring> #include <cctype> #include "12.10.2.h" //initializing static class member int String::num_strings = 0; //static method int String::HowMany(void) { return num_strings; } //class methods String::String(const char * s) { len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, s); num_strings++; } String::String() { len = 0; str = new char[1]; str[0] = '\0'; num_strings++; } String::String(const String & st) { num_strings++; len = st.len; str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, st.str); } String::~String() { --num_strings; delete [] str; } //overloaded operator methods //assign a String to a string String & String::operator=(const String & st) { if(this == &st) { return *this; } delete [] str; len = st.len; str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, st.str); return *this; } //assign a C string to a String String & String::operator=(const char * s) { delete [] str; len = std::strlen(s); str = new char[len + 1]; std::strcpy(str, s); return *this; } //read-write char access for non-const string char & String::operator[](int i) { return str[i]; } //read-only char access for const String const char & String::operator[](int i) const { return str[i]; } //overliaded operator friends bool operator<(const String & st1, const String & st2) { return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) < 0); } bool operator>(const String & st1, const String & st2) { return (st2 < st1); } bool operator==(const String & st1, const String & st2) { return (std::strcmp(st1.str, st2.str) == 0); } //simple String output_iterator_tag std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const String & st) { os << st.str; return os; } std::istream & operator>>(std::istream & is, String & st) { char temp[String::CINLIM]; is.get(temp, String::CINLIM); if(is) { st = temp; } while(is && is.get() != '\n'); return is; } String operator+(const String & st1, const String & st2) { char * s = new char[st1.len + st2.len + 1]; strcpy(s, st1.str); strcat(s, st2.str); String add(s); delete [] s; return add; } void String::Stringlow(void) { for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) { str[i] = std::tolower(str[i]); } } void String::Stringup(void) { for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) { str[i] = std::toupper(str[i]); } } int String::has(const char & ch) const { int n = 0; for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) { if(str[i] == ch) { n++; } } return n; }
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#include <iostream> #include "12.10.2.h" using namespace std; int main(void) { String s1(" and I am a C++ student."); String s2 = "Please enter your name : "; String s3; cout << s2; cin >> s3; s2 = "My name is " + s3; cout << s2 << ".\n"; s2 = s2 + s1; s2.Stringup(); cout << "The string\n" << s2 << "\ncontains " << s2.has('A') << " 'A' characters in it.\n"; s1 = "red"; String rgb[3] = {String(s1), String("green"), String("blue")}; cout << "Enter the name of a primary color for mixing light : "; String ans; bool success = false; while(cin >> ans) { ans.Stringlow(); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { if(ans == rgb[i]) { cout << "That's right!\n"; success = true; break; } } if(success) { break; } else { cout << "Try again!\n"; } } cout << "Bye!\n"; return 0; }
12.10.3
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#ifndef _12.10.3_H_ #define _12.10.3_H_ class Stock { private: char * company; int shares; double share_val; double total_val; void set_tot(void) { total_val = shares * share_val; } public: Stock(); Stock(const char * s, long n = 0, double pr = 0.0); Stock(const Stock & st); ~Stock(); void buy(long num, double price); void sell(long num, double price); void updata(double price); const Stock & topval(const Stock & st) const; Stock & operator=(const Stock & st); friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stock & st); }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "12.10.3.h" Stock::Stock() { company = new char[1]; company[0] = '\0'; shares = 0; share_val = 0.0; total_val = 0.0; } Stock::Stock(const char * s, long n, double pr) { company = new char[strlen(s) + 1]; strcpy(company, s); if(n < 0) { std::cout << "Number of shares can't be negative; " << company << " shares set to0.\n"; shares = 0; } else { shares = n; } share_val = pr; set_tot(); } Stock::Stock(const Stock & st) { company = new char[strlen(st.company) + 1]; strcpy(company, st.company); shares = st.shares; share_val = st.share_val; total_val = st.total_val; } Stock::~Stock() { delete [] company; } void Stock::buy(long num, double price) { if(num < 0) { std::cout << "Number of shares purchased can't be negative. " << "Transaction is aborted.\n"; } else { shares += num; share_val = price; set_tot(); } } void Stock::sell(long num, double price) { if(num < 0) { std::cout << "Number of shares sold can't be negative. " << "Transaction is aborted.\n"; } else if(num > shares) { std::cout << "You can't sell more than you have! " << "Transaction is aborted.\n"; } else { shares -= num; share_val = price; set_tot(); } } void Stock::updata(double price) { share_val = price; set_tot(); } const Stock & Stock::topval(const Stock & st) const { if(st.total_val > total_val) { return st; } else { return *this; } } Stock & Stock::operator=(const Stock & st) { if(this == &st) { return *this; } delete [] company; company = new char[strlen(st.company) + 1]; strcpy(company, st.company); shares = st.shares; share_val = st.share_val; total_val = st.total_val; } std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Stock & st) { std::ios_base::fmtflags orig = os.setf(std::ios_base::fixed, std::ios_base::floatfield); std::streamsize prec = os.precision(3); os << "Company : " << st.company << " Shares : " << st.shares << std::endl; os << " Share Price : $" << st.share_val; os.precision(2); os << " Total Worth : $" << st.total_val << std::endl; os.setf(orig, std::ios_base::floatfield); os.precision(prec); return os; }
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#include <iostream> #include "12.10.3.h" const int STKS = 4; int main(void) { Stock stocks[STKS] = { Stock("NanoSmart", 12, 20.0), Stock("Boffo Objects", 200, 2.0), Stock("Monolithic Obelisks", 130, 3.25), Stock("Fleep Enterprises", 60, 6.5) }; Stock st1(stocks[0]); std::cout << st1; Stock st2 = stocks[1]; std::cout << st2; std::cout << "\nStock holdings : \n"; int st; for(st = 0; st < STKS; st++) { std::cout << stocks[st]; } const Stock * top = &stocks[0]; for(st = 1; st < STKS; st++) { top = &top->topval(stocks[st]); } std::cout << "\nMost valuable holding : \n" << *top; return 0; }
12.10.4
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#ifndef _12.10.4_H_ #define _12.10.4_H_ typedef unsigned long Item; class Stack { private: enum{MAX = 10}; //constant specific to class Item * pitems; //holds stack items int size; //number of elements in stack int top; //index for top stack item public: Stack(int n = MAX); //creates stack with n elements Stack(const Stack & st); ~Stack(); bool isempty(void) const; bool isfull(void) const; //push() returns false if stack already is full, true otherwise bool push(const Item & item); //add item to stack //pop() returns false if stack already is empty, true otherwise bool pop(Item & item); //pop top into item Stack & operator=(const Stack & st); }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "12.10.4.h" Stack::Stack(int n) { pitems = new Item[n]; size = n; top = 0; } Stack::Stack(const Stack & st) { pitems = new Item[st.size]; std::memcpy(pitems, st.pitems, st.size * sizeof(Item)); size = st.size; top = st.top; } Stack::~Stack() { delete [] pitems; } bool Stack::isempty(void) const { return (top == 0); } bool Stack::isfull(void) const { return (top == size); } bool Stack::push(const Item & item) { if(top < size) { pitems[top++] = item; return true; } else { return false; } } bool Stack::pop(Item & item) { if(top > 0) { item = pitems[--top]; return true; } else { return false; } } Stack & Stack::operator=(const Stack & st) { if(this == &st) { return *this; } delete [] pitems; pitems = new Item[st.size]; std::memcpy(pitems, st.pitems, st.size * sizeof(Item)); size = st.size; top = st.top; return *this; }
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#include <iostream> #include "12.10.4.h" using namespace std; int main(void) { Stack st1(5); for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { st1.push(i); } Stack st2(st1); Stack st3 = st2; Item item; while(!st1.isempty()) { st1.pop(item); cout << item; } st1.~Stack(); cout << endl; while(!st2.isempty()) { st2.pop(item); cout << item; } st2.~Stack(); cout << endl; while(!st3.isempty()) { st3.pop(item); cout << item; } return 0; }
12.10.6
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#ifndef _12.10.5_H_ #define _12.10.5_H_ class Customer { public: Customer() { arrive = processtime = 0; } void set(long when); long when(void) const { return arrive; } int ptime(void) const { return processtime; } private: long arrive; //arrival time for customer int processtime; //processing time for customer }; typedef Customer Item; class Queue { public: Queue(int qs = Q_SIZE); //create queue with a qs limit ~Queue(); bool isempty(void) const; bool isfull(void) const; int queuecount(void) const; bool enqueue(const Item & item); //add item to end bool dequeue(Item & item); //remove item from front private: enum{Q_SIZE = 10}; //Node is anested structure definition local to this class struct Node { Item item; struct Node * next; }; Node * front; //pointer to front of Queue Node * rear; //pointer to rear of Queue int items; //current number of items in Queue const int qsize; //maxinum number of items in Queue //preemptive definitions to prevent public copying Queue(const Queue & q) : qsize(0) {} Queue & operator=(const Queue & q) {return *this;} }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include "12.10.5.h" Queue::Queue(int qs) : qsize(qs) { front = rear = NULL; items = 0; } Queue::~Queue() { Node * temp; while(front != NULL) { temp = front; front = front->next; delete temp; } } bool Queue::isempty(void) const { return items == 0; } bool Queue::isfull(void) const { return items == qsize; } int Queue::queuecount(void) const { return items; } bool Queue::enqueue(const Item & item) { if(isfull()) { return false; } Node * add = new Node; //create node add->item = item; //set node pointers add->next = NULL; items++; if(front == NULL) //if queue is empty { front = add; } else //else placr at rear { rear->next = add; } rear = add; return true; } bool Queue::dequeue(Item & item) { if(front == NULL) { return false; } item = front->item; //set item to first item in queue items--; Node * temp = front; //save location of first item front = front->next; //reset front to next item delete temp; //delete former first item if(items == 0) { rear = NULL; } return true; } void Customer::set(long when) { processtime = std::rand() % 3 + 1; arrive = when; }
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#include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <ctime> #include "12.10.5.h" using namespace std; const int MIN_PER_HR = 60; //x = average time, in minutes, between customers //return value is true if customer shows up this minute bool newcustomer(double x) //is there a new customer? { return (rand() * x / RAND_MAX < 1); } int main(void) { //setting things up srand(time(0)); //random initializing of rand() cout << "Case Study : Bank of Heather Automatic Teller\n"; cout << "Enter maximum size of queue : "; int qs; cin >> qs; //Queue line[2] = {Queue(qs), Queue(qs)}; //line queue holds up to qs people Queue line_1(qs), line_2(qs); cout << "Enter the number of simulation hours : "; int hours; //hours of simulation cin >> hours; //simulation will run 1 cycle per minute long cyclelimit = MIN_PER_HR * hours; //# of cycles cout << "Enter the average number of customers per hour : "; double perhour; //average # of arrival per hour cin >> perhour; double min_per_cust; //average time between arrivals min_per_cust = MIN_PER_HR / perhour; Item temp[2]; //new customer data long turnaways = 0; //turned away by full queue long customers = 0; //joined the queue long served = 0; //served during the simulation long sum_line = 0; //cumulative line length int wait_time[2] = {0}; //time until autoteller is free long line_wait = 0; //cumulative time in line //running the simulation for(int cycle = 0; cycle < cyclelimit; cycle++) { if(newcustomer(min_per_cust)) //have newcomer { if(line_1.isfull() && line_2.isfull()) { turnaways++; } else if(line_1.queuecount() < line_2.queuecount()) { customers++; temp[0].set(cycle); //cycle = time of arrival line_1.enqueue(temp[0]); //add newcomer to line } else { customers++; temp[1].set(cycle); //cycle = time of arrival line_2.enqueue(temp[1]); //add newcomer to line } } if(wait_time[0] <= 0 && !line_1.isempty()) { line_1.dequeue(temp[0]); //attend next customer wait_time[0] = temp[0].ptime(); //for wait_time minutes line_wait += cycle - temp[0].when(); served++; } if(wait_time[1] <= 0 && !line_2.isempty()) { line_2.dequeue(temp[1]); //attend next customer wait_time[1] = temp[1].ptime(); //for wait_time minutes line_wait += cycle - temp[1].when(); served++; } if(wait_time[0] > 0) { wait_time[0]--; } if(wait_time[1] > 0) { wait_time[1]--; } sum_line += (line_1.queuecount() + line_2.queuecount()); } //reporting results if(customers > 0) { cout << "Customers accepted : " << customers << endl; cout << " customers served : " << served << endl; cout << " turnaways : " << turnaways << endl; cout << "average queue size : "; cout.precision(2); cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield); cout << (double) sum_line / cyclelimit / 2 << endl; cout << "average wait time : " << (double)line_wait / served << " minutes\n"; } else { cout << "No customers!\n"; } cout << "Done!\n"; return 0; }
13.11.1
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#ifndef _13.11.1_H_ #define _13.11.1_H_ //base class class Cd //represents a CD disk { private: char performers[50]; char label[20]; int selections; //number of selection double playtime; //playing time in minutes public: Cd(char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x); Cd(); virtual ~Cd() {}; virtual void Report(void) const; //reports all CD data }; class Classic : public Cd { private: char fav[50]; public: Classic(char * f, char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x); Classic(char * f, const Cd & cd); Classic(); virtual ~Classic() {}; virtual void Report(void) const; //reports all CD data & Classic data }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "13.11.1.h" //Cd methods Cd::Cd(char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x) { std::strcpy(performers, s1); std::strcpy(label, s2); selections = n; playtime = x; } Cd::Cd() { performers[0] = '\0'; label[0] = '\0'; selections = 0; playtime = 0; } void Cd::Report(void) const { std::cout << "Performers : " << performers << std::endl; std::cout << "Label : " << label << std::endl; std::cout << "Selections : " << selections << std::endl; std::cout << "Playtime : " << playtime << std::endl; } //Classic methods Classic::Classic(char * f, char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x) : Cd(s1, s2, n, x) { std::strcpy(fav, f); } Classic::Classic(char * f, const Cd & cd) : Cd(cd) { std::strcpy(fav, f); } Classic::Classic() : Cd() { fav[0] = '\0'; } void Classic::Report(void) const { Cd::Report(); std::cout << "Favourite : " << fav << std::endl; }
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#include <iostream> #include "13.11.1.h" using namespace std; void Bravo(const Cd & disk) { disk.Report(); } int main(void) { Cd c1("Beatles", "Capitol", 14, 35.5); Classic c2 = Classic("Piano Sonata in B flat, Fantasia in C", "Alfred Brendel", "Philips", 2, 57.17); Cd * pcd = &c1; cout << "Using object directly : \n"; c1.Report(); //use Cd method c2.Report(); //use Classic method cout << endl; cout << "Using type cd * pointer to objects : \n"; pcd->Report(); //use Cd method for cd object pcd = &c2; pcd->Report(); //use Classic method for classic object cout << endl; cout << "Calling a function with a Cd reference argument : \n"; Bravo(c1); Bravo(c2); cout << endl; cout << "Testing assignment : \n"; Classic copy; copy = c2; copy.Report(); cout << endl; return 0; }
13.11.2
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#ifndef _13.11.2_H_ #define _13.11.2_H_ //base class class Cd //represents a CD disk { private: char * performers; char * label; int selections; //number of selection double playtime; //playing time in minutes public: Cd(char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x); Cd(const Cd & d); Cd(); virtual ~Cd(); virtual void Report(void) const; //reports all CD data Cd & operator=(const Cd & d); }; class Classic : public Cd { private: char * fav; public: Classic(char * f, char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x); Classic(char * f, const Cd & cd); Classic(const Classic & c); Classic(); virtual ~Classic(); virtual void Report(void) const; //reports all CD data & Classic data Classic & operator=(const Classic & c); }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "13.11.2.h" //Cd methods Cd::Cd(char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x) { performers = new char[std::strlen(s1) + 1]; label = new char[std::strlen(s2) + 1]; std::strcpy(performers, s1); std::strcpy(label, s2); selections = n; playtime = x; } Cd::Cd(const Cd & d) { performers = new char[std::strlen(d.performers) + 1]; label = new char[std::strlen(d.label) + 1]; std::strcpy(performers, d.performers); std::strcpy(label, d.label); selections = d.selections; playtime = d.playtime; } Cd::Cd() { performers = NULL; label = NULL; selections = 0; playtime = 0; } Cd::~Cd() { delete [] performers; delete [] label; } void Cd::Report(void) const { std::cout << "Performers : " << performers << std::endl; std::cout << "Label : " << label << std::endl; std::cout << "Selections : " << selections << std::endl; std::cout << "Playtime : " << playtime << std::endl; } Cd & Cd::operator=(const Cd & d) { if(this == &d) { return *this; } delete [] performers; delete [] label; performers = new char[std::strlen(d.performers) + 1]; label = new char[std::strlen(d.label) + 1]; std::strcpy(performers, d.performers); std::strcpy(label, d.label); selections = d.selections; playtime = d.playtime; return * this; } //Classic methods Classic::Classic(char * f, char * s1, char * s2, int n, double x) : Cd(s1, s2, n, x) { fav = new char[std::strlen(f) + 1]; std::strcpy(fav, f); } Classic::Classic(char * f, const Cd & cd) : Cd(cd) { fav = new char[std::strlen(f) + 1]; std::strcpy(fav, f); } Classic::Classic(const Classic & c) : Cd(c) { fav = new char[std::strlen(c.fav) + 1]; std::strcpy(fav, c.fav); } Classic::Classic() : Cd() { fav = NULL; } Classic::~Classic() { delete [] fav; } void Classic::Report(void) const { Cd::Report(); std::cout << "Favourite : " << fav << std::endl; } Classic & Classic::operator=(const Classic & c) { if(this == &c) { return *this; } delete [] fav; Cd::operator=((const Cd &)c); fav = new char[std::strlen(c.fav) + 1]; std::strcpy(fav, c.fav); return * this; }
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#include <iostream> #include "13.11.2.h" using namespace std; void Bravo(const Cd & disk) { disk.Report(); } int main(void) { Cd c1("Beatles", "Capitol", 14, 35.5); Classic c2 = Classic("Piano Sonata in B flat, Fantasia in C", "Alfred Brendel", "Philips", 2, 57.17); Cd * pcd = &c1; cout << "Using object directly : \n"; c1.Report(); //use Cd method c2.Report(); //use Classic method cout << endl; cout << "Using type cd * pointer to objects : \n"; pcd->Report(); //use Cd method for cd object pcd = &c2; pcd->Report(); //use Classic method for classic object cout << endl; cout << "Calling a function with a Cd reference argument : \n"; Bravo(c1); Bravo(c2); cout << endl; cout << "Testing assignment : \n"; Classic copy; copy = c2; copy.Report(); cout << endl; return 0; }
13.11.3
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#ifndef _DMA_H_ #define _DMA_H_ #include <iostream> //Base ABC Class Using DMA class ABC { private: char * label; int rating; public: ABC(const char * l = "null", int r = 0); ABC(const ABC & a); ABC & operator=(const ABC & a); virtual ~ABC(); virtual void View(void) const = 0; }; //derived class with DMA class baseDMA : public ABC { public: baseDMA(const char * l = "null", int r = 0) : ABC(l, r) {} baseDMA(const baseDMA & rs) : ABC(rs) {} virtual ~baseDMA() {} baseDMA & operator=(const baseDMA & rs) { ABC::operator=(rs); return * this; } virtual void View(void) const; }; //derived class without DMA //no destructor needed //uses implicit copy constructor //uses implicit assignment operator class lacksDMA : public ABC { private: enum{COL_LEN = 40}; char color[COL_LEN]; public: lacksDMA(const char * c = "blank", const char * l = "null", int r = 0); lacksDMA(const char * c, const baseDMA & rs); virtual ~lacksDMA() {} virtual void View(void) const; }; //derived class with DMA class hasDMA : public ABC { private: char * style; public: hasDMA(const char * s = "none", const char * l = "null", int r = 0); hasDMA(const char * s, const baseDMA & rs); hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs); virtual ~hasDMA(); hasDMA & operator=(const hasDMA & hs); virtual void View(void) const; }; #endif // _DMA_H_
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "13.11.3.h" //ABC methods ABC::ABC(const char * l, int r) { label = new char[std::strlen(l) + 1]; std::strcpy(label, l); rating = r; } ABC::ABC(const ABC & a) { label = new char[std::strlen(a.label) + 1]; std::strcpy(label, a.label); rating = a.rating; } ABC & ABC::operator=(const ABC & a) { if(this == &a) { return *this; } delete [] label; label = new char[std::strlen(a.label) + 1]; std::strcpy(label, a.label); rating = a.rating; return * this; } ABC::~ABC() { delete [] label; } void ABC::View(void) const { std::cout << "Label : " << label << std::endl; std::cout << "rating : " << rating << std::endl; } //baseDMA methods void baseDMA::View(void) const { ABC::View(); } //lacksDMA methods lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * c, const char * l, int r) : ABC(l, r) { std::strcpy(color, c); } lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * c, const baseDMA & rs) : ABC(rs) { std::strcpy(color, c); } void lacksDMA::View(void) const { ABC::View(); std::cout << "Color : " << color << std::endl; } //hasDMA methods hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const char * l, int r) : ABC(l, r) { style = new char[std::strlen(s) + 1]; std::strcpy(style, s); } hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const baseDMA & rs) : ABC(rs) { style = new char[std::strlen(s) + 1]; std::strcpy(style, s); } hasDMA::hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs) : ABC(hs) { style = new char[std::strlen(hs.style) + 1]; std::strcpy(style, hs.style); } hasDMA::~hasDMA() { delete [] style; } hasDMA & hasDMA::operator=(const hasDMA & hs) { if(this == &hs) { return *this; } ABC::operator=( dynamic_cast<const ABC &>(hs) ); delete [] style; style = new char[std::strlen(hs.style) + 1]; std::strcpy(style, hs.style); return * this; } void hasDMA::View(void) const { ABC::View(); std::cout << "Style : " << style << std::endl; }
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#include <iostream> #include <string> #include "13.11.3.h" using namespace std; const int N = 3; int main(void) { ABC * p_DMA[N]; char label[100]; int tempnum; char kind; for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) { cout << "Enter label : "; //getline(cin, temp); cin >> label; cout << "Enter rating : "; cin >> tempnum; cout << "Enter 1 for baseDMA or 2 for lacksDMA or 3 for hasDMA : "; while(cin >> kind && (kind != '1' && kind != '2' && kind != '3')) { cout << "Enter either 1 or 2 or 3 : "; } switch(kind) { case '1': { p_DMA[i] = new baseDMA(label, tempnum); } break; case '2': { char color[100]; cout << "Enter color : "; //getline(cin, color); cin >> color; p_DMA[i] = new lacksDMA(color, label, tempnum); } break; case '3': { char style[100]; cout << "Enter style : "; //getline(cin, style); cin >> style; p_DMA[i] = new hasDMA(style, label, tempnum); } break; default : break; } while(cin.get() != '\n') { continue; } } for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) { p_DMA[i]->View(); cout << endl; } for(int i = 0; i < N; i++) { delete p_DMA[i]; } return 0; }
13.11.4
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#ifndef _13.11.4_H_ #define _13.11.4_H_ #include <iostream> class Port { private: char * brand; char style[20]; //i.e., tawny, ruby,vintage int bottles; public: Port(const char * br = "none", const char * st = "none", int b = 0); Port(const Port & p); virtual ~Port() { delete [] brand; } Port & operator=(const Port & p); Port & operator+=(int b); //adds b to bottles Port & operator-=(int b); //subtracts b from bottles, if available int BottleCount(void) const { return bottles; } virtual void Show(void) const; friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Port & p); }; class VintagePort : public Port //style necessarily = "vintage" { private: char * nickname; //i.e.,"The Noble" or "Old Velvet", etc. int year; //vintage year public: VintagePort(); VintagePort(const char * br, int b, const char * nn, int y); VintagePort(const VintagePort & vp); ~VintagePort() { delete [] nickname; } VintagePort & operator=(const VintagePort & vp); virtual void Show(void) const; friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const VintagePort & vp); }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include "13.11.4.h" //Port methods Port::Port(const char * br, const char * st, int b) { brand = new char[std::strlen(br) + 1]; std::strcpy(brand, br); std::strcpy(style, st); bottles = b; } Port::Port(const Port & p) { brand = new char[std::strlen(p.brand) + 1]; std::strcpy(brand, p.brand); std::strcpy(style, p.style); bottles = p.bottles; } Port & Port::operator=(const Port & p) { if(this == &p) { return * this; } delete [] brand; brand = new char[std::strlen(p.brand) + 1]; std::strcpy(brand, p.brand); std::strcpy(style, p.style); bottles = p.bottles; return * this; } Port & Port::operator+=(int b) { bottles += b; return * this; } Port & Port::operator-=(int b) { if(bottles - b >= 0) { bottles -= b; } else { std::cout << "Can't subtract " << b << " from bottles!" << std::endl; } return * this; } void Port::Show(void) const { std::cout << "Brand: " << brand << std::endl; std::cout << "Kind: " << style << std::endl; std::cout << "Bottles: " << bottles << std::endl; } std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Port & p) { os << p.brand << ", " << p.style << ", " << p.bottles; return os; } //VintagePort methods VintagePort::VintagePort() : Port() { nickname = new char[5]; std::strcpy(nickname, "none"); year = 0; } VintagePort::VintagePort(const char * br, int b, const char * nn, int y) : Port(br, "none", b) { nickname = new char[std::strlen(nn) + 1]; std::strcpy(nickname, nn); year = y; } VintagePort::VintagePort(const VintagePort & vp) : Port(vp) { nickname = new char[std::strlen(vp.nickname) + 1]; std::strcpy(nickname, vp.nickname); year = vp.year; } VintagePort & VintagePort::operator=(const VintagePort & vp) { if(this == &vp) { return * this; } Port::operator=(vp); delete [] nickname; nickname = new char[std::strlen(vp.nickname) + 1]; std::strcpy(nickname, vp.nickname); year = vp.year; return * this; } void VintagePort::Show(void) const { Port::Show(); std::cout << "Nickname: " << nickname << std::endl; std::cout << "Year: " << year << std::endl; } std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const VintagePort & vp) { os << (const Port &)vp; os << ", " << vp.nickname << ", " << vp.year; return os; }
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#include <iostream> #include "13.11.4.h" using namespace std; int main(void) { Port p1; p1.Show(); cout << p1 << endl << endl; Port p2("Gallo", "tawny", 20); p1 = p2; cout << p1 << endl << endl; VintagePort vp1("Gallo", 20, "Old velvet", 1994); vp1.Show(); cout << endl; Port * p; p = &p1; p->Show(); cout << endl; p = &vp1; p->Show(); cout << endl; vp1 += 1; vp1.Show(); cout << endl; vp1 -= 30; vp1.Show(); cout << endl; return 0; }
15.8.1
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#ifndef _15.8.1_H_ #define _15.8.1_H_ class Remote; class Tv { friend class Remote; // Remote can access Tv private parts public: void changemode(Remote & r); public: enum {Off, On}; enum {MinVal, MaxVal = 20}; enum {Antenna, Cable}; enum {TV, DVD}; Tv(int s = Off, int mc = 125) : state(s), volume(5), maxchannel(mc), channel(2), mode(Cable), input(TV) {} void onoff() {state ^= 1;} bool ison() const {return state == On;} bool volup(); bool voldown(); void chanup(); void chandown(); void set_mode() {mode = (mode == Antenna) ? Cable : Antenna;} void set_input() {input = (input == TV) ? DVD : TV;} void settings() const; // display all settings private: int state; // on or off int volume; // assumed to be digitized int maxchannel; // maximum number of channels int channel; // current channel setting int mode; // boardcast or cable int input; // TV or DVD }; class Remote { friend class Tv; private: int mode; // controls TV or DVD int normal; public: Remote(int m = Tv::TV) : mode(m) {} bool volup(Tv & t) {return t.volup();} bool voldown(Tv& t) {return t.voldown();} void onoff(Tv & t) {t.onoff();} void chanup(Tv & t) {t.chanup();} void chandown(Tv & t) {t.chandown();} void set_chan(Tv & t, int c) {t.channel = c;} void set_mode(Tv & t) {t.set_mode();} void set_input(Tv & t) {t.set_input();} void showmode() {std::cout << "ModeofTv : " << (normal ? "Normal" : "Interact") << std::endl;} }; #endif
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#include <iostream> #include "15.8.1.h" void Tv::changemode(Remote & r) { if(state == On) { r.normal ^= 1; } } bool Tv::volup() { if(volume < MaxVal) { volume++; return true; } else { return false; } } bool Tv::voldown() { if(volume > MaxVal) { volume--; return true; } else { return false; } } void Tv::chanup() { if(channel < maxchannel) { channel++; } else { channel = 1; } } void Tv::chandown() { if(channel > 1) { channel--; } else { channel = maxchannel; } } void Tv::settings() const { using std::cout; using std::endl; cout << "TV is " << (state == Off ? "Off" : "On") << endl; if(state == On) { cout << "Volume setting = " << volume << endl; cout << "Channel setting = " << channel << endl; cout << "Mode = " << (mode == Antenna ? "antenna" : "cable") << endl; cout << "Input = " << (input == TV ? "TV" : "DVD") << endl; } }
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#include <iostream> #include "15.8.1.h" int main() { using std::cout; Tv s42; cout << "Inital setting for 42\" TV:\n"; s42.settings(); s42.onoff(); s42.chanup(); cout << "\nAdjusted settings for 42\" TV:\n"; s42.chanup(); cout << "\nAdjusted setting for 42\" TV:\n"; s42.settings(); Remote grey; grey.set_chan(s42, 10); grey.volup(s42); grey.volup(s42); cout << "\n42\" settings after using remote:\n"; grey.showmode(); s42.changemode(grey); grey.showmode(); s42.settings(); Tv s58(Tv::On); s58.set_mode(); grey.set_chan(s58, 28); cout << "\n58\" settings:\n"; s58.settings(); return 0; }
15.8.2
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#include <iostream> #include <exception> #include <stdexcept> class bad_hmean : public std::logic_error { public: bad_hmean() : logic_error("hmean(), invalid_arguments: a = -b") {} }; class bad_gmean : public std::logic_error { public: bad_gmean() : logic_error("gmean() arguments should be >= 0") {} };
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#include <iostream> #include <cmath> #include "15.8.2.h" double hmean(double a, double b) { if(a == -b) { throw bad_hmean(); } } double gmean(double a, double b) { if(a < 0 || b < 0) { throw bad_gmean(); } return std::sqrt(a * b); } int main() { using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::endl; double x, y, z; cout << "Enter two numbers: "; while(cin >> x >> y) { try { z = hmean(x, y); cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << z << endl; cout << "Gepmetric mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << gmean(x, y) << endl; cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: "; } catch(bad_hmean & bg) { cout << bg.what() << endl; cout << "Try again.\n"; continue; } catch(bad_gmean & hg) { cout << hg.what() << endl; cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more.\n"; break; } } cout << "Bye!\n"; return 0; }
15.8.3
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#include <iostream> #include <exception> #include <stdexcept> class bad_mean : public std::logic_error { public: bad_mean(int a, int b, const char * mesg) : __a(a), __b(b), logic_error(mesg) {} virtual int GetA() {return __a;} virtual int GetB() {return __b;} virtual void report() {} private: int __a, __b; }; class bad_hmean : public bad_mean { public: bad_hmean(int a, int b) : bad_mean(a, b, "invalid_arguments: a = -b") {} virtual void report() { std::cout << "hmean(" << GetA() << ", " << GetB() << ")" << what() << std::endl; } }; class bad_gmean : public bad_mean { public: bad_gmean(int a, int b) : bad_mean(a, b, "arguments should be >= 0") {} virtual void report() { std::cout << "gmean(" << GetA() << ", " << GetB() << ")" << what() << std::endl; } };
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#include <iostream> #include <cmath> #include "15.8.3.h" double hmean(double a, double b) { if(a == -b) { throw bad_hmean(a, b); } } double gmean(double a, double b) { if(a < 0 || b < 0) { throw bad_gmean(a, b); } return std::sqrt(a * b); } int main() { using std::cout; using std::cin; using std::endl; double x, y, z; cout << "Enter two numbers: "; while(cin >> x >> y) { try { z = hmean(x, y); cout << "Harmonic mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << z << endl; cout << "Gepmetric mean of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << gmean(x, y) << endl; cout << "Enter next set of numbers <q to quit>: "; } catch(bad_mean & hg) { hg.report(); //cout << "Sorry, you don't get to play any more.\n"; break; } } cout << "Bye!\n"; return 0; }
15.8.4
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#include <stdexcept> #include <string> class Sales { public: enum {MONTHS = 12}; // could be a static const class bad_index : public std::logic_error { private: int bi; // bad index value public: explicit bad_index(int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in Sales object\n"); virtual ~bad_index() throw() {} int bi_val() const {return bi;} }; explicit Sales(int yy = 0); Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n); virtual ~Sales() {} int Year() const {return year;} virtual double operator[](int i) const; virtual double & operator[](int i); private: double gross[MONTHS]; int year; }; class LabeledSales : public Sales { public: class nbad_index : public Sales::bad_index { private: std::string lbl; public: nbad_index(const std::string & lb, int ix, const std::string & s = "Index error in LabeledSales object\n"); const std::string & label_val() const {return lbl;} virtual ~nbad_index() throw() {} }; explicit LabeledSales(const std::string & lb = "none", int yy = 0); LabeledSales(const std::string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n); virtual ~LabeledSales() {} const std::string & Label() const {return label;} virtual double operator[](int i) const; virtual double & operator[](int i); private: std::string label; };
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#include "15.8.4.h" using std::string; Sales::bad_index::bad_index(int ix, const string & s) : std::logic_error(s), bi(ix) { } Sales::Sales(int yy) { year = yy; for(int i = 0; i < MONTHS; i++) { gross[i] = 0; } } Sales::Sales(int yy, const double * gr, int n) { year = yy; int lim = (n < MONTHS) ? n : MONTHS; int i; for(i = 0; i < lim; i++) { gross[i] = gr[i]; } for(; i < MONTHS; i++) { gross[i] = 0; } } double Sales::operator[](int i) const { if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS) { throw bad_index(i); } return gross[i]; } double & Sales::operator[](int i) { if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS) { throw bad_index(i); } return gross[i]; } LabeledSales::nbad_index::nbad_index(const string & lb, int ix, const string & s) : Sales::bad_index(ix, s) { lbl = lb; } LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy) : Sales(yy) { label = lb; } LabeledSales::LabeledSales(const string & lb, int yy, const double * gr, int n) : Sales(yy, gr, n) { label = lb; } double LabeledSales::operator[](int i) const { if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS) { throw nbad_index(Label(), i); } return Sales::operator[](i); } double & LabeledSales::operator[](int i) { if(i < 0 || i >= MONTHS) { throw nbad_index(Label(), i); } return Sales::operator[](i); }
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#include <iostream> #include <typeinfo> #include "15.8.4.h" using namespace std; int main() { double vals1[12] = {1220, 1100, 1122, 2212, 1232, 2334, 2884, 2393, 3302, 2922, 3002, 3544}; double vals2[12] = {12, 11, 22, 21, 32, 34, 28, 29, 33, 29, 32, 35}; Sales sales1(2011, vals1, 12); LabeledSales sales2("Blogstar", 2012, vals2, 12); cout << "First try block:\n"; try { cout << "Year = " << sales1.Year() << endl; for(int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { cout << sales1[i] << ' '; if(i % 6 == 5) { cout << endl; } } cout << "Year = " << sales2.Year() << endl; cout << "Label = " << sales2.Label() << endl; for(int i = 0; i <= 12; i++) { cout << sales2[i] << ' '; if(i % 6 == 5) { cout << endl; } } cout << "End of try block 1.\n"; } catch(Sales::bad_index & bad) { cout << bad.what(); if(typeid(LabeledSales::nbad_index) == typeid(bad)) { LabeledSales::nbad_index * nbad = static_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad); cout << "Company: " << nbad->label_val() << endl; } cout << "bad index: " << bad.bi_val() << endl; } cout << "\nNext try block:\n"; try { sales2[2] = 37.5; sales1[20] = 23345; cout << "End of try block 2.\n"; } catch(Sales::bad_index & bad) { cout << bad.what(); if(LabeledSales::nbad_index * nbad = dynamic_cast<LabeledSales::nbad_index *>(&bad)) { cout << "Company: " << nbad->label_val() << endl; } cout << "bad index: " << bad.bi_val() << endl; } cout << "done\n"; return 0; }
17.8.1
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#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { long count = 0; while(cin.get() != '$') { count++; } cin.putback('$'); cout << count << endl; cout << (char)cin.peek() << endl; return 0; }
17.8.2
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#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <sstream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char * argvs[]) { if(argc == 1) { cerr << "No output file" << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } char ch; ostringstream outstr; while((ch = cin.get()) != '$') { outstr << ch; } string s = outstr.str(); ofstream fout(argvs[1]); fout << s; fout.close(); return 0; }
17.8.3
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#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { if(argc == 1 || argc == 2 || argc >= 4) { cerr << "Error input" << endl; cerr << "17.8.3 input.txt output.txt" <<endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } ifstream fin(argv[1]); ofstream fout(argv[2]); if(!fin.is_open() || !fout.is_open()) { cerr << "Error in open file" << endl; } char ch; while(!fin.eof()) { fin.get(ch); fout.put(ch); } fin.close(); fout.close(); return 0; }
17.8.4
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#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { if(argc <= 3 || argc >= 5) { cerr << "Error input" << endl; cerr << "17.8.4 input1.txt input2.txt output.txt" <<endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } ifstream fin_1(argv[1]), fin_2(argv[2]); ofstream fout(argv[3]); if(!fin_1.is_open() || !fin_2.is_open() || !fout.is_open()) { cerr << "Error in open file" << endl; } string s; while(!fin_1.eof() && !fin_2.eof()) { getline(fin_1, s); fout << s << " "; getline(fin_2, s); fout << s << endl; } while(!fin_1.eof()) { getline(fin_1, s); fout << s << endl; } while(!fin_2.eof()) { getline(fin_2, s); fout << s << endl; } fin_1.close(); fin_2.close(); fout.close(); return 0; }
17.8.5
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#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cstdlib> #include <string> #include <set> using namespace std; int main() { ifstream fin_1("mat.dat"), fin_2("pat.dat"); ofstream fout("matnpat.dat"); if(!fin_1.is_open() || !fin_2.is_open() || !fout.is_open()) { cerr << "Error" << endl; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } string s; set<string> myset; set<string>::iterator it; while(!fin_1.eof()) { getline(fin_1, s); myset.insert(s); } while(!fin_2.eof()) { getline(fin_2, s); myset.insert(s); } for(it = myset.begin(); it != myset.end(); it++) { fout << *it << endl; } fin_1.close(); fin_2.close(); fout.close(); return 0; }
17.8.7
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#include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <cstdlib> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; void ShowStr(const string & s) { cout << s << endl; } class Store { public: Store(ofstream & fout_) : fout(fout_) {} void operator()(const string & s) { len = s.length(); fout.write((char *)&len, sizeof(size_t)); fout.write((char *)s.c_str(), len); } private: ofstream & fout; size_t len; }; void GetStrs(ifstream & fin, vector<string> & vistr) { while(!fin.eof()) { size_t len = 0; fin.read((char *)&len, sizeof(size_t)); char ch; string s; for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { fin.read((char *)&ch, sizeof(char)); s.push_back(ch); } vistr.push_back(s); } } int main() { vector<string> vostr; string temp; //acquire strings cout << "Enter strings (empty line to quit): \n"; while(getline(cin, temp) && temp[0] != '\0') { vostr.push_back(temp); } cout << "Here is your input. \n"; for_each(vostr.begin(), vostr.end(), ShowStr); //store in a file ofstream fout("strings.dat", ios_base::out | ios_base::binary); for_each(vostr.begin(), vostr.end(), Store(fout)); fout.close(); //recover file contents vector<string> vistr; ifstream fin("strings.dat", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary); if(!fin.is_open()) { cerr << "Could not open file for input.\n"; exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } GetStrs(fin, vistr); cout << "\nHere are the strings read from the file: \n"; for_each(vistr.begin(), vistr.end(), ShowStr); return 0; }
——现在的努力是为了小时候吹过的牛B!!