【布局】483- 推荐 15 种水平垂直居中布局方案
https://juejin.im/post/5db706d5f265da4d31073959
我们在日常的开发中,经常会遇到这样一个问题,就是如何实现居中水平垂直居中对齐。并且在面试中也会出现这样的问题,但是我们往往回答的不是很全部,而导致没有得到面试加分。接下来我们通过不同的方式来实现,让我们成功破解这道面试。
1、定宽高
一、绝对定位和负magin值
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
position: relative;
}
.children-box {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: yellow;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
margin-left: -50px;
margin-top: -50px;
}
</style>
二、绝对定位 + transform
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
position: relative;
}
.children-box {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: yellow;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
</style>
三、绝对定位 + left/right/bottom/top + margin
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
position: relative;
}
.children-box {
position: absolute;
display: inline;
top: 0;
left: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0px;
background: yellow;
margin: auto;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
四、flex布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
.children-box {
background: yellow;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
}
</style>
五、grid布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: grid;
}
.children-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: yellow;
margin: auto;
}
</style>
六、table-cell + vertical-align + inline-block/margin: auto
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box"></div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.children-box {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
background: yellow;
display: inline-block;// 可以换成margin: auto;
}
</style>
2、不定宽高
一、绝对定位 + transform
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">111111</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
position: relative;
}
.children-box {
position: absolute;
background: yellow;
left: 50%;
top: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}
</style>
二、table-cell
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">111111</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
vertical-align: middle;
}
.children-box {
background: yellow;
display: inline-block;
}
</style>
三、flex布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">11111111</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
.children-box {
background: yellow;
}
</style>
四、flex变异布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">11111111</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: flex;
}
.children-box {
background: yellow;
margin: auto;
}
</style>
五、grid + flex布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">11111111</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: grid;
}
.children-box {
background: yellow;
align-self: center;
justify-self: center;
}
</style>
六、gird + margin布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">11111111</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
display: grid;
}
.children-box {
background: yellow;
margin: auto;
}
</style>
七、writing-mode属性布局
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<div class="children-box">
<p>11111</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
writing-mode: vertical-lr;
text-align: center;
}
.box>.children-box {
writing-mode: horizontal-tb;
display: inline-block;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
}
.box>.children-box>p {
display: inline-block;
margin: auto;
text-align: left;
background: yellow;
}
</style>
writing-mode 属性定义了文本在水平或垂直方向上如何排布。兼容性上还有些小瑕疵,但大部分浏览器已经支持。
3、番外(图片定高|不定高水平垂直居中)
一、table-cell
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<img src="https://ss1.baidu.com/70cFfyinKgQFm2e88IuM_a/forum/pic/item/242dd42a2834349b406751a3ceea15ce36d3beb6.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
height: 200px;
width: 200px;
display: table-cell;
text-align: center;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
vertical-align: middle;
}
</style>
二、 ::after
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<img src="https://ss1.baidu.com/70cFfyinKgQFm2e88IuM_a/forum/pic/item/242dd42a2834349b406751a3ceea15ce36d3beb6.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid red;
text-align: center;
}
.box::after {
content: '';
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
height: 100%;
}
img {
vertical-align: middle;
}
</style>
三、 ::before
<template>
<div id="app">
<div class="box">
<img src="https://ss1.baidu.com/70cFfyinKgQFm2e88IuM_a/forum/pic/item/242dd42a2834349b406751a3ceea15ce36d3beb6.jpg">
</div>
</div>
</template>
<style type="text/css">
.box {
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
text-align: center;
font-size: 0;
}
.box::before {
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: middle;
content: '';
height: 100%;
}
img {
vertical-align: middle;
}
</style>
四、总结
这里总结了很多种垂直水平居中的方法,但是肯定不是最完全的,还有很多其他中方式。但是总体的思路可以总结为以下几点。
一、内联元素居中布局
水平居中
行内元素可设置:text-align: center;
flex布局设置父元素:display: flex; justify-content: center;
垂直居中
单行文本父元素确认高度:height === line-height
多行文本父元素确认高度:disaply: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;
二、块级元素居中布局
水平居中
定宽: margin: 0 auto;
不定宽:参考上诉例子中不定宽高例子。
垂直居中
position: absolute设置left、top、margin-left、margin-to(定高);
position: fixed设置margin: auto(定高);
display: table-cell;
transform: translate(x, y);
flex(不定高,不定宽);
grid(不定高,不定宽),兼容性相对比较差;
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