最详细解决https访问不安全问题,windows自建CA并签发证书

 

本博客适用于测试使用,因为生成的证书需导入客户端电脑,如需商用请购买证书

1|01.windows电脑下载openSSL软件 

官方下载地址： https://www.openssl.org/source/

备用下载地址:   http://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html

2|02.找个目录新建如下文件夹及文件

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ca ├── certs               证书目录 ├── crl                 证书吊销目录 ├── index.txt           CA 签发证书列表 ├── index.txt.attr      CA 签发证书列表配置 ├── newcerts            CA 签发的证书备份 ├── openssl.cnf         openssl 配置文件，-config 参数用 ├── private             私钥目录 └── serial              CA 下一次签发证书时使用的序列号

附： openssl.cnf 文件(需要修改dir和alt_names)

　　打开serial文件写入数字"00",后期每生成pem,数字会增加1

[ ca ]
# `man ca`
default_ca = CA_default

[ CA_default ]
# Directory and file locations.
dir               = D:/ca  #这里改成实际目录
certs             = $dir/certs
crl_dir           = $dir/crl
new_certs_dir     = $dir/newcerts
database          = $dir/index.txt
serial            = $dir/serial
RANDFILE          = $dir/private/.rand

# The root key and root certificate.
private_key       = $dir/private/ca.key.pem
certificate       = $dir/certs/ca.cert.pem

# For certificate revocation lists.
crlnumber         = $dir/crlnumber
crl               = $dir/crl/ca.crl.pem
crl_extensions    = crl_ext
default_crl_days  = 30

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md        = sha256

name_opt          = ca_default
cert_opt          = ca_default
default_days      = 375
preserve          = no
policy            = policy_strict

[ policy_strict ]
# The root CA should only sign intermediate certificates that match.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of `man ca`.
countryName             = match
stateOrProvinceName     = match
organizationName        = match
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ policy_loose ]
# Allow the intermediate CA to sign a more diverse range of certificates.
# See the POLICY FORMAT section of the `ca` man page.
countryName             = optional
stateOrProvinceName     = optional
localityName            = optional
organizationName        = optional
organizationalUnitName  = optional
commonName              = supplied
emailAddress            = optional

[ req ]
# Options for the `req` tool (`man req`).
default_bits        = 2048
distinguished_name  = req_distinguished_name
string_mask         = utf8only

# SHA-1 is deprecated, so use SHA-2 instead.
default_md          = sha256

# Extension to add when the -x509 option is used.
x509_extensions     = v3_ca

req_extensions = v3_req

[ req_distinguished_name ]
# See <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_signing_request>.
countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)
stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name
localityName                    = Locality Name
0.organizationName              = Organization Name
organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name
commonName                      = Common Name
emailAddress                    = Email Address

# Optionally, specify some defaults.
countryName_default             = CN
stateOrProvinceName_default     = China
localityName_default            =
0.organizationName_default      = zhihu
#organizationalUnitName_default =
#emailAddress_default           =

[ v3_req ]

# Extensions to add to a certificate request

basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[ alt_names ]
DNS.1 = word.com   #这里修改为你的映射网址(hosts我修改为"我的ip地址 www.word.com")
DNS.2 = *.word.com

[ v3_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ v3_intermediate_ca ]
# Extensions for a typical intermediate CA (`man x509v3_config`).
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always,issuer
basicConstraints = critical, CA:true, pathlen:0
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, cRLSign, keyCertSign

[ usr_cert ]
# Extensions for client certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = client, email
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Client Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = clientAuth, emailProtection

[ server_cert ]
# Extensions for server certificates (`man x509v3_config`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
nsCertType = server
nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage = serverAuth
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[ crl_ext ]
# Extension for CRLs (`man x509v3_config`).
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid:always

[ ocsp ]
# Extension for OCSP signing certificates (`man ocsp`).
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
keyUsage = critical, digitalSignature
extendedKeyUsage = critical, OCSPSigning

签发步骤

打开cmd命令工具或者powerSher进入到ca文件夹

3|03.生成 CA

3|1生成私钥

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1	openssl ecparam -genkey -name secp256r1 |openssl ec -out private/ca.key.pem

使用 ECC 算法生成 256 位 CA 私钥

生成自签署证书，类型由 openssl.cnf 中配置的扩展字段指定为 CA 证书类型

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1	openssl req -config openssl.cnf -key private/ca.key.pem -new -x509 -days 7300 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca -out certs/ca.cert.pem

需要输入各项信息。由于是 CA 根证书， Common Name 字段不需要为域名。这里使用的 zhihuRootCA

生成后即可将 certs/ca.cert.pem 安装于客户端操作系统/浏览器中作为受信任的跟证书颁发机构，由此 CA 签署的证书均会被客户端信任

生成服务器密钥

生成私钥

openssl ecparam -genkey -name secp256r1 | openssl ec -out private/stf.key.pem

与 CA 私钥生成方法相同

3|2生成证书请求文件

openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key private/stf.key.pem -out certs/stf.csr.pem

填写证书相关信息，这里 Common Name 字段需要为证书域名。需要提前在 openssl.cnf 中编辑好 subjectAltName 以保证证书扩展字段中 DNS 可选域名正确。

3|3使用 CA 签发服务器证书

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1	openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -extensions server_cert -days 1095 -md sha256 -in certs/stf.csr.pem -out certs/stf.cert.pem

需要提前在 openssl.cnf 中编辑好 subjectAltName 以保证证书扩展字段中 DNS 可选域名正确。
以上输入的两次国家组织等信息 尽量相同

至此:已经生成pem文件

 因为nginx和tomcat不支持pem证书,所以需要转为jks证书

执行如下的openssl指令，将stf.cert.pem和stf.key.pem（证书和证书的密钥文件）导出到PKCS12格式的证书文件（p12证书）：

把ca/private/stf.key.pem文件复制一份到ca\certs下 cmd命令进入到ca\certs下执行命令

openssl pkcs12 -export -out cert.p12 -in stf.cert.pem -inkey stf.key.pem

此时文件夹下已经有了.p12文件

4|04.将.p12转为jks文件

keytool.exe -importkeystore -srckeystore cert.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -destkeystore cert.jks -deststorepass 123456

5|0证书的使用

ca.cert.pem:打开浏览器 > 设置 > 安全 > 管理证书

 　　　　　　导入ca.cert.pem(打开文件所在路径,后缀选择*.*) 证书存储选择"受信任的根证书颁发机构"

cert.jks:导入Java项目 配置properties

 

 stf.cert.pem和stf.key.pem:将文件放到放到nginx的ssl目录下

　　　　　　　　　　　　配置nginx.conf　

 重启项目,浏览器,nginx(之前启动过nginx的杀掉进程,重新启动)

__EOF__

本文作者：皮军旗
本文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/pijunqi/p/14168493.html
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