turtle简单学习
turtle(海龟)库是turtle绘图体系python的实现;turtle绘图体系:
1969年诞生,主要用于程序设计入门;turtle库是python的标准库之一;属于入门级的图形绘制函数库;
turtle库绘制原理:
有一只海龟在窗体正中心,在画布上游走,走过的轨迹形成了绘制的图形,海龟由程序控制,可以自由改变颜色、方向宽度等。
关键字 | 说明 | ||||
import turtle | 导入turtle模块 | ||||
turtle.showturtle() | 显示箭头 | ||||
turtle.write("张三") | 写字符串 | ||||
turtle.forward(300) | 前进300像素 | ||||
turtle.color("red") | 画笔颜色改为red | ||||
turtle.left(90) | 箭头左转90度 | ||||
turtle.right(90) | 箭头右转90度 | ||||
setheading(angle) | 设置当前朝向为angle角度 | ||||
turtle.goto(0,50) | 去坐标( 0,50 ) | ||||
turtle.penup() | 抬笔。这样,路径就不会画出来 | ||||
turtle.pendown() | 下笔。这样,路径就会画出来 | ||||
turtle.circle(radius, extent=None, steps=None) | 画圆 | 第一个参数是半径长度,当值为正数时,半径在小海龟左侧,当值为负数,半径在小海龟右侧。 | 第二个参数是绘制弧形的角度。当不给该参数或者参数为None时,绘制整个圆形。 | 第三个参数是步数,当给出了这个参数后,circle指令绘制的将是steps条线段连接起来的多边形而不再是一个弧形。 | |
turtle.width(宽度) | 线条宽度 | ||||
turtle.begin_fill() | 开始填充 | ||||
turtle.end _fill() | 结束填充 | ||||
turtle.speed(100) | 速度 |
下面以冰墩墩为例子
import turtle
turtle.title('冰墩墩') # 窗口名
turtle.speed(100) # 速度
# 左手
turtle.penup() # 抬起画笔
turtle.goto(177, 112) # 到坐标(177,112)
turtle.pencolor("lightgray") # 设置画笔颜色为亮灰色
turtle.pensize(3) # 设置线条的粗细为3
turtle.fillcolor("white") # 设置填充颜色为白色
turtle.begin_fill() # 开始填充
turtle.pendown() # 放下画笔
turtle.setheading(80) # 设置当前朝向为80角度
turtle.circle(-45, 200) # 半径45在小海龟右侧,绘制弧形的角度为200
turtle.circle(-300, 23) # 半径300在小海龟右侧,绘制弧形的角度为23
turtle.end_fill() # 填充结束
# 以下代码分析方法同上
# 左手内
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(182, 95)
turtle.pencolor("black")
turtle.pensize(1)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.setheading(95)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(-37, 160)
turtle.circle(-20, 50)
turtle.circle(-200, 30)
turtle.end_fill()
# 轮廓
# 头顶
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-73, 230)
turtle.pencolor("lightgray")
turtle.pensize(3)
turtle.fillcolor("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(20)
turtle.circle(-250, 35)
# 左耳
turtle.setheading(50)
turtle.circle(-42, 180)
# 左侧
turtle.setheading(-50)
turtle.circle(-190, 30)
turtle.circle(-320, 45)
# 左腿
turtle.circle(120, 30)
turtle.circle(200, 12)
turtle.circle(-18, 85)
turtle.circle(-180, 23)
turtle.circle(-20, 110)
turtle.circle(15, 115)
turtle.circle(100, 12)
# 右腿
turtle.circle(15, 120)
turtle.circle(-15, 110)
turtle.circle(-150, 30)
turtle.circle(-15, 70)
turtle.circle(-150, 10)
turtle.circle(200, 35)
turtle.circle(-150, 20)
# 右手
turtle.setheading(-120)
turtle.circle(50, 30)
turtle.circle(-35, 200)
turtle.circle(-300, 23)
# 右侧
turtle.setheading(86)
turtle.circle(-300, 26)
# 右耳
turtle.setheading(122)
turtle.circle(-53, 160)
turtle.end_fill()
# 右耳内
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-130, 180)
turtle.pencolor("black")
turtle.pensize(1)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(120)
turtle.circle(-28, 160)
turtle.setheading(210)
turtle.circle(150, 20)
turtle.end_fill()
# 左耳内
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(90, 230)
turtle.setheading(40)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(-30, 170)
turtle.setheading(125)
turtle.circle(150, 23)
turtle.end_fill()
# 右手内
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-180, -55)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.setheading(-120)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(50, 30)
turtle.circle(-27, 200)
turtle.circle(-300, 20)
turtle.setheading(-90)
turtle.circle(300, 14)
turtle.end_fill()
# 左腿内
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(108, -168)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(-115)
turtle.circle(110, 15)
turtle.circle(200, 10)
turtle.circle(-18, 80)
turtle.circle(-180, 13)
turtle.circle(-20, 90)
turtle.circle(15, 60)
turtle.setheading(42)
turtle.circle(-200, 29)
turtle.end_fill()
# 右腿内
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-38, -210)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(-155)
turtle.circle(15, 100)
turtle.circle(-10, 110)
turtle.circle(-100, 30)
turtle.circle(-15, 65)
turtle.circle(-100, 10)
turtle.circle(200, 15)
turtle.setheading(-14)
turtle.circle(-200, 27)
turtle.end_fill()
# 右眼
# 眼圈
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-64, 120)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(40)
turtle.circle(-35, 152)
turtle.circle(-100, 50)
turtle.circle(-35, 130)
turtle.circle(-100, 50)
turtle.end_fill()
# 眼珠
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-47, 55)
turtle.fillcolor("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(25, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-45, 62)
turtle.pencolor("darkslategray")
turtle.fillcolor("darkslategray")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(19, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-45, 68)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(10, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-47, 86)
turtle.pencolor("white")
turtle.fillcolor("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(5, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
# 左眼
# 眼圈
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(51, 82)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(120)
turtle.circle(-32, 152)
turtle.circle(-100, 55)
turtle.circle(-25, 120)
turtle.circle(-120, 45)
turtle.end_fill()
# 眼珠
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(79, 60)
turtle.fillcolor("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(24, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(79, 64)
turtle.pencolor("darkslategray")
turtle.fillcolor("darkslategray")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(19, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(79, 70)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(10, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(79, 88)
turtle.pencolor("white")
turtle.fillcolor("white")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.circle(5, 360)
turtle.end_fill()
# 鼻子
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(37, 80)
turtle.fillcolor("black")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(-8, 130)
turtle.circle(-22, 100)
turtle.circle(-8, 130)
turtle.end_fill()
# 嘴
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-15, 48)
turtle.setheading(-36)
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.circle(60, 70)
turtle.setheading(-132)
turtle.circle(-45, 100)
turtle.end_fill()
# 彩虹圈
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-135, 120)
turtle.pensize(5)
turtle.pencolor("cyan")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(60)
turtle.circle(-165, 150)
turtle.circle(-130, 78)
turtle.circle(-250, 30)
turtle.circle(-138, 105)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-131, 116)
turtle.pencolor("slateblue")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(60)
turtle.circle(-160, 144)
turtle.circle(-120, 78)
turtle.circle(-242, 30)
turtle.circle(-135, 105)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-127, 112)
turtle.pencolor("orangered")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(60)
turtle.circle(-155, 136)
turtle.circle(-116, 86)
turtle.circle(-220, 30)
turtle.circle(-134, 103)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-123, 108)
turtle.pencolor("gold")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(60)
turtle.circle(-150, 136)
turtle.circle(-104, 86)
turtle.circle(-220, 30)
turtle.circle(-126, 102)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-120, 104)
turtle.pencolor("greenyellow")
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(60)
turtle.circle(-145, 136)
turtle.circle(-90, 83)
turtle.circle(-220, 30)
turtle.circle(-120, 100)
turtle.penup()
# 爱心
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(220, 115)
turtle.pencolor("brown")
turtle.pensize(1)
turtle.fillcolor("brown")
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.pendown()
turtle.setheading(36)
turtle.circle(-8, 180)
turtle.circle(-60, 24)
turtle.setheading(110)
turtle.circle(-60, 24)
turtle.circle(-8, 180)
turtle.end_fill()
# 五环
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(-5, -170)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pencolor("blue")
turtle.circle(6)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(10, -170)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pencolor("black")
turtle.circle(6)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(25, -170)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pencolor("brown")
turtle.circle(6)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(2, -175)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pencolor("lightgoldenrod")
turtle.circle(6)
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(16, -175)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.pencolor("green")
turtle.circle(6)
turtle.penup()
turtle.pencolor("black")
turtle.goto(-16, -160)
turtle.write("BEIJING 2022", font=('Arial', 10, 'bold italic'))
# 写”BEIJING 2022“,字体为Arial,字号为10,字体粗斜体
turtle.hideturtle() # 隐藏小海龟,
turtle.done() # 绘制结束
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