Django 入门博客小案例
安装
pip install django==2.0
创建项目
django-admin startproject [demo 项目名称]
运行项目
python manage.py runserver
创建应用
python manage.py startapp [blog 应用名称]
hello world
blog/views.py
from django.http import HttpResponse
def hello_world(request):
return HttpResponse("hello world")
新建 blog/urls.py
from django.urls import path, include
import blog.views
urlpatterns = [
path('hello_world', blog.views.hello_world)
]
demo/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
]
demo/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'blog.apps.BlogConfig'
]
运行项目python manage.py runserver访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/hello_world看到效果
创建模型
blog/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Article(models.Model):
# 文章ID
article_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
# 文章标题
title = models.TextField()
# 文章摘要
brief_content = models.TextField()
# 文章内容
content = models.TextField()
# 发布时间
publish_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
执行模型迁移python manage.py makemigrations
运行迁到文件同步到数据库python manage.py migrate
shell测试模型
执行python manage.py shell
>>> from blog.models import Article
>>> article = Article()
>>> article.title = 'demo test'
>>> article.brief_content = 'demo test'
>>> article.content = 'test content'
>>> article.save()
# 查询
>>> all = Article.objects.all()
>>> row = all[0]
>>> print(row.title)
Django Admin模块
创建超级管理员
执行 python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'admin'): admin
Email address: 123@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
运行项目 python manage.py runserver 访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin
模型注册
blog/admin.py
from .models import Article
admin.site.register(Article)
刷新后台页面
后台模型显示标题
blog/models.py
...
def __str__(self):
return self.title
返回页面数据
blog/views.py
def article_content(request):
article = Article.objects.all()[0]
title = article.title
brief_content = article.brief_content
content = article.content
article_id = article.article_id
publish_date = article.publish_date
return_str = 'title: %s,beief_content: %s,content: %s,article_id: %s,publish_date: %s' % (title,brief_content,content,article_id,publish_date)
return HttpResponse(return_str)
blog/urls.py
path('content', blog.views.article_content)
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/content
创建静态页面
首页
新建文件blog/templates/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<h1>我的博客<small>--嘿嘿</small></h1>
</div>
<div class="container page-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9" role="main">
<div class="body-main">
<div>
<h2>测试1</h2>
<p class="lead">测试测试上传测试测试测试</p>
</div>
<div>
<h2>测试1</h2>
<p class="lead">测试测试上传测试测试测试</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3" role="complementary">
<h2>最新文章</h2>
<h4>测试测试上传测试测试测试</h4>
<h4>测试测试上传测试测试测试</h4>
<h4>测试测试上传测试测试测试</h4>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
详细页
新建文件blog/templates/detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<h1>文章标题</h1>
</div>
<div class="container page-body">
<p class="lead">文章内容</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
模板系统
变量
{{ 变量 }}
for
{% for x in list %},{% endfor%}
if-else
{% if true %},{% else %},{% endif %}
数据渲染静态页面
首页
blog/templates/blog/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<h1>我的博客<small>--嘿嘿</small></h1>
</div>
<div class="container page-body">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9" role="main">
<div class="body-main">
{% for article in article_list %}
<div>
<h2><a href="/blog/detail/{{ article.article_id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h2>
<p class="lead">{{ article.brief_content }}</p>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3" role="complementary">
<h2>最新文章</h2>
{% for article in article_list %}
<h4><a href="/blog/detail/{{ article.article_id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
blog/views.py
def get_index_page(request):
all_article = Article.objects.all()
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', {
'article_list':all_article
})
blog/urls.py
path('index', blog.views.get_index_page)
详细页
blog/templates/blog/detail.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@3.3.7/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container page-header">
<h1>{{ curr_article.title }}</h1>
</div>
<div class="container page-body">
{% for section in section_list %}
<p class="lead">{{ section }}</p>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
blog/views.py
def get_detail_page(request, article_id):
all_article = Article.objects.all()
curr_article = None
for article in all_article:
if article.article_id==article_id:
curr_article = article
break
# 分割文章的段落
section_list = curr_article.content.split('\n')
return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', {
'curr_article': curr_article,
'section_list': section_list
})
blog/urls.py
path('detail/<int:article_id>', blog.views.get_detail_page)
访问地址: http://127.0.0.1:8000/blog/detail/1
上下篇文章跳转
blog/views.py
def get_detail_page(request, article_id):
all_article = Article.objects.all()
curr_article = None
previous_index = 0
next_index = 0
previous_article = None
next_article = None
for index, article in enumerate(all_article):
if index == 0:
previous_index = 0
next_index = index + 1
elif index == len(all_article)-1:
previous_index = index-1
next_index = index
else:
previous_index = index -1
next_index = index + 1
if article.article_id == article_id:
curr_article = article
previous_article = all_article[previous_index]
next_article = all_article[next_index]
break
# 分割文章的段落
section_list = curr_article.content.split('\n')
return render(request, 'blog/detail.html', {
'curr_article': curr_article,
'section_list': section_list,
'previous_article': previous_article,
'next_article': next_article
})
blog/templates/blog/detail.html
....
<nav aria-label="...">
<ul class="pager">
<li class="previous"><a href="/blog/detail/{{ previous_article.article_id }}"><span aria-hidden="true">←</span> 上一篇:{{ previous_article.title }}</a></li>
<li class="next"><a href="/blog/detail/{{ next_article.article_id }}">下一篇:{{ next_article.title }} <span aria-hidden="true">→</span></a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</body>
首页分页
blog/templates/blog/index.html
...
<div class="body-footer">
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="/blog/index?page={{ previous_page }}" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
{% for num in page_num %}
<li><a href="/blog/index?page={{ num }}">{{ num }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
<li>
<a href="/blog/index?page={{ next_page }}" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
blog/views.py
from django.core.paginator import Paginator
def get_index_page(request):
page = request.GET.get('page')
if page:
page = int(page)
else:
page = 1
all_article = Article.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(all_article, 1)
page_num = paginator.num_pages
page_article_list = paginator.page(page)
if page_article_list.has_next():
next_page = page + 1
else:
next_page = page
if page_article_list.has_previous():
previous_page = page - 1
else:
previous_page = page
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', {
'article_list': page_article_list,
'page_num': range(1, page_num + 1),
'page': page,
'next_page': next_page,
'previous_page': previous_page
})
最新5篇文章
blog/views.py
def get_index_page(request):
page = request.GET.get('page')
if page:
page = int(page)
else:
page = 1
all_article = Article.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(all_article, 1)
page_num = paginator.num_pages
page_article_list = paginator.page(page)
if page_article_list.has_next():
next_page = page + 1
else:
next_page = page
if page_article_list.has_previous():
previous_page = page - 1
else:
previous_page = page
# 最新5篇文章
top5_article_list = Article.objects.order_by('-publish_date')[:5]
return render(request, 'blog/index.html', {
'article_list': page_article_list,
'page_num': range(1, page_num + 1),
'page': page,
'next_page': next_page,
'previous_page': previous_page,
'top5_article_list': top5_article_list
})
blog/templates/blog/index.html
<h2>最新文章</h2>
{% for article in top5_article_list %}
<h4><a href="/blog/detail/{{ article.article_id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4>
{% endfor %}
