数据结构(4) - 内核链表

这里的内核链表指Linux中实现的一种特殊的双向链表，区别于传统的双向链表包含数据，内核链表结构本身不包含数据，类比于卡车和货物，内核链表是卡车，数据是货物，两者之间联系通过container_of()函数进行映射，内核链表作为一个独立的成员包含在包含数据的结构体中，对数据的操作都是操作结构体中的内核链表对象，此时我们是可以知道内核链表成员对象的地址，然后通过container_of()把结构体的地址逆推出来，我们就可以拿到数据了，Linux内核链表不仅可以用在Linux平台，通过简单的修改(修改GCC编译器专有特性为通用特性即可)，也可用于其它平台。

 

 我用Linux 5.x版本的代码移植了一份内核链表的算法文件，特意改了一个在非GCC编译特性的container_of()，如下:

/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:    the pointer to the member.
 * @type:   the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#ifdef _NOGCC
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) \
    ((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member)))
#else
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({                  \
    const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);    \
    (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
#endif

完整的Linux 5.x版本内核链表算法文件如下:

list.h (以linux_5.x/include/linux/list.h为基础,添加其依赖制作).

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _LINUX_LIST_H
#define _LINUX_LIST_H

#include <stdbool.h>

/*
 * Architectures might want to move the poison pointer offset
 * into some well-recognized area such as 0xdead000000000000,
 * that is also not mappable by user-space exploits:
 */
#define POISON_POINTER_DELTA    0

/*
 * These are non-NULL pointers that will result in page faults
 * under normal circumstances, used to verify that nobody uses
 * non-initialized list entries.
 */
#define LIST_POISON1            ((void *) 0x100 + POISON_POINTER_DELTA)
#define LIST_POISON2            ((void *) 0x122 + POISON_POINTER_DELTA)

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER)  ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:    the pointer to the member.
 * @type:   the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#ifdef _NOGCC
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) \
    ((type *)((char *)(ptr)-(unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->member)))
#else
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({                  \
    const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);    \
    (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
#endif

#define WRITE_ONCE(var, val) \
    (*((volatile typeof(val) *)(&(var))) = (val))

#define READ_ONCE(var) (*((volatile typeof(var) *)(&(var))))

/*
 * Simple doubly linked list implementation.
 *
 * Some of the internal functions ("__xxx") are useful when
 * manipulating whole lists rather than single entries, as
 * sometimes we already know the next/prev entries and we can
 * generate better code by using them directly rather than
 * using the generic single-entry routines.
 */

#define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)    { &(name), &(name) }

#define LIST_HEAD(name) \
    struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)


struct list_head {
    struct list_head *next, *prev;
};

struct hlist_head {
    struct hlist_node *first;
};

struct hlist_node {
    struct hlist_node *next, **pprev;
};


/**
 * INIT_LIST_HEAD - Initialize a list_head structure
 * @list: list_head structure to be initialized.
 *
 * Initializes the list_head to point to itself.  If it is a list header,
 * the result is an empty list.
 */
static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list)
{
    WRITE_ONCE(list->next, list);
    list->prev = list;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LIST
extern bool __list_add_valid(struct list_head *new,
                struct list_head *prev,
                struct list_head *next);
extern bool __list_del_entry_valid(struct list_head *entry);
#else
static inline bool __list_add_valid(struct list_head *new,
                struct list_head *prev,
                struct list_head *next)
{
    return true;
}
static inline bool __list_del_entry_valid(struct list_head *entry)
{
    return true;
}
#endif

/*
 * Insert a new entry between two known consecutive entries.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *new,
                    struct list_head *prev,
                    struct list_head *next)
{
    if (!__list_add_valid(new, prev, next))
        return;

    next->prev = new;
    new->next = next;
    new->prev = prev;
    WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, new);
}

/**
 * list_add - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it after
 *
 * Insert a new entry after the specified head.
 * This is good for implementing stacks.
 */
static inline void list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_add(new, head, head->next);
}


/**
 * list_add_tail - add a new entry
 * @new: new entry to be added
 * @head: list head to add it before
 *
 * Insert a new entry before the specified head.
 * This is useful for implementing queues.
 */
static inline void list_add_tail(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_add(new, head->prev, head);
}

/*
 * Delete a list entry by making the prev/next entries
 * point to each other.
 *
 * This is only for internal list manipulation where we know
 * the prev/next entries already!
 */
static inline void __list_del(struct list_head * prev, struct list_head * next)
{
    next->prev = prev;
    WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, next);
}

/*
 * Delete a list entry and clear the 'prev' pointer.
 *
 * This is a special-purpose list clearing method used in the networking code
 * for lists allocated as per-cpu, where we don't want to incur the extra
 * WRITE_ONCE() overhead of a regular list_del_init(). The code that uses this
 * needs to check the node 'prev' pointer instead of calling list_empty().
 */
static inline void __list_del_clearprev(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
    entry->prev = NULL;
}

static inline void __list_del_entry(struct list_head *entry)
{
    if (!__list_del_entry_valid(entry))
        return;

    __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next);
}

/**
 * list_del - deletes entry from list.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 * Note: list_empty() on entry does not return true after this, the entry is
 * in an undefined state.
 */
static inline void list_del(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del_entry(entry);
    entry->next = LIST_POISON1;
    entry->prev = LIST_POISON2;
}

/**
 * list_replace - replace old entry by new one
 * @old : the element to be replaced
 * @new : the new element to insert
 *
 * If @old was empty, it will be overwritten.
 */
static inline void list_replace(struct list_head *old,
                struct list_head *new)
{
    new->next = old->next;
    new->next->prev = new;
    new->prev = old->prev;
    new->prev->next = new;
}

/**
 * list_replace_init - replace old entry by new one and initialize the old one
 * @old : the element to be replaced
 * @new : the new element to insert
 *
 * If @old was empty, it will be overwritten.
 */
static inline void list_replace_init(struct list_head *old,
                        struct list_head *new)
{
    list_replace(old, new);
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(old);
}

/**
 * list_swap - replace entry1 with entry2 and re-add entry1 at entry2's position
 * @entry1: the location to place entry2
 * @entry2: the location to place entry1
 */
static inline void list_swap(struct list_head *entry1,
                    struct list_head *entry2)
{
    struct list_head *pos = entry2->prev;

    list_del(entry2);
    list_replace(entry1, entry2);
    if (pos == entry1)
        pos = entry2;
    list_add(entry1, pos);
}

/**
 * list_del_init - deletes entry from list and reinitialize it.
 * @entry: the element to delete from the list.
 */
static inline void list_del_init(struct list_head *entry)
{
    __list_del_entry(entry);
    INIT_LIST_HEAD(entry);
}

/**
 * list_move - delete from one list and add as another's head
 * @list: the entry to move
 * @head: the head that will precede our entry
 */
static inline void list_move(struct list_head *list, struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_del_entry(list);
    list_add(list, head);
}

/**
 * list_move_tail - delete from one list and add as another's tail
 * @list: the entry to move
 * @head: the head that will follow our entry
 */
static inline void list_move_tail(struct list_head *list,
                    struct list_head *head)
{
    __list_del_entry(list);
    list_add_tail(list, head);
}

/**
 * list_bulk_move_tail - move a subsection of a list to its tail
 * @head: the head that will follow our entry
 * @first: first entry to move
 * @last: last entry to move, can be the same as first
 *
 * Move all entries between @first and including @last before @head.
 * All three entries must belong to the same linked list.
 */
static inline void list_bulk_move_tail(struct list_head *head,
                        struct list_head *first,
                        struct list_head *last)
{
    first->prev->next = last->next;
    last->next->prev = first->prev;

    head->prev->next = first;
    first->prev = head->prev;

    last->next = head;
    head->prev = last;
}

/**
 * list_is_first -- tests whether @list is the first entry in list @head
 * @list: the entry to test
 * @head: the head of the list
 */
static inline int list_is_first(const struct list_head *list,
                    const struct list_head *head)
{
    return list->prev == head;
}

/**
 * list_is_last - tests whether @list is the last entry in list @head
 * @list: the entry to test
 * @head: the head of the list
 */
static inline int list_is_last(const struct list_head *list,
                const struct list_head *head)
{
    return list->next == head;
}

/**
 * list_empty - tests whether a list is empty
 * @head: the list to test.
 */
static inline int list_empty(const struct list_head *head)
{
    return READ_ONCE(head->next) == head;
}

/**
 * list_rotate_left - rotate the list to the left
 * @head: the head of the list
 */
static inline void list_rotate_left(struct list_head *head)
{
    struct list_head *first;

    if (!list_empty(head)) {
        first = head->next;
        list_move_tail(first, head);
    }
}

/**
 * list_rotate_to_front() - Rotate list to specific item.
 * @list: The desired new front of the list.
 * @head: The head of the list.
 *
 * Rotates list so that @list becomes the new front of the list.
 */
static inline void list_rotate_to_front(struct list_head *list,
                    struct list_head *head)
{
    /**
     * Deletes the list head from the list denoted by @head and
     * places it as the tail of @list, this effectively rotates the
     * list so that @list is at the front.
    */
    list_move_tail(head, list);
}

/**
 * list_is_singular - tests whether a list has just one entry.
 * @head: the list to test.
 */
static inline int list_is_singular(const struct list_head *head)
{
    return !list_empty(head) && (head->next == head->prev);
}

static inline void __list_cut_position(struct list_head *list,
        struct list_head *head, struct list_head *entry)
{
    struct list_head *new_first = entry->next;
    list->next = head->next;
    list->next->prev = list;
    list->prev = entry;
    entry->next = list;
    head->next = new_first;
    new_first->prev = head;
}

/**
 * list_cut_position - cut a list into two
 * @list: a new list to add all removed entries
 * @head: a list with entries
 * @entry: an entry within head, could be the head itself
 *    and if so we won't cut the list
 *
 * This helper moves the initial part of @head, up to and
 * including @entry, from @head to @list. You should
 * pass on @entry an element you know is on @head. @list
 * should be an empty list or a list you do not care about
 * losing its data.
 *
 */
static inline void list_cut_position(struct list_head *list,
        struct list_head *head, struct list_head *entry)
{
    if (list_empty(head))
        return;
    if (list_is_singular(head) &&
        (head->next != entry && head != entry))
        return;
    if (entry == head)
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
    else
        __list_cut_position(list, head, entry);
}

/**
 * list_cut_before - cut a list into two, before given entry
 * @list: a new list to add all removed entries
 * @head: a list with entries
 * @entry: an entry within head, could be the head itself
 *
 * This helper moves the initial part of @head, up to but
 * excluding @entry, from @head to @list.  You should pass
 * in @entry an element you know is on @head.  @list should
 * be an empty list or a list you do not care about losing
 * its data.
 * If @entry == @head, all entries on @head are moved to
 * @list.
 */
static inline void list_cut_before(struct list_head *list,
                    struct list_head *head,
                    struct list_head *entry)
{
    if (head->next == entry) {
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
        return;
    }
    list->next = head->next;
    list->next->prev = list;
    list->prev = entry->prev;
    list->prev->next = list;
    head->next = entry;
    entry->prev = head;
}

static inline void __list_splice(const struct list_head *list,
                    struct list_head *prev,
                    struct list_head *next)
{
    struct list_head *first = list->next;
    struct list_head *last = list->prev;

    first->prev = prev;
    prev->next = first;

    last->next = next;
    next->prev = last;
}

/**
 * list_splice - join two lists, this is designed for stacks
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 */
static inline void list_splice(const struct list_head *list,
                struct list_head *head)
{
    if (!list_empty(list))
        __list_splice(list, head, head->next);
}

/**
 * list_splice_tail - join two lists, each list being a queue
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 */
static inline void list_splice_tail(struct list_head *list,
                struct list_head *head)
{
    if (!list_empty(list))
        __list_splice(list, head->prev, head);
}

/**
 * list_splice_init - join two lists and reinitialise the emptied list.
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 *
 * The list at @list is reinitialised
 */
static inline void list_splice_init(struct list_head *list,
                    struct list_head *head)
{
    if (!list_empty(list)) {
        __list_splice(list, head, head->next);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
    }
}

/**
 * list_splice_tail_init - join two lists and reinitialise the emptied list
 * @list: the new list to add.
 * @head: the place to add it in the first list.
 *
 * Each of the lists is a queue.
 * The list at @list is reinitialised
 */
static inline void list_splice_tail_init(struct list_head *list,
                    struct list_head *head)
{
    if (!list_empty(list)) {
        __list_splice(list, head->prev, head);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(list);
    }
}

/**
 * list_entry - get the struct for this entry
 * @ptr:    the &struct list_head pointer.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    container_of(ptr, type, member)

/**
 * list_first_entry - get the first element from a list
 * @ptr:    the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Note, that list is expected to be not empty.
 */
#define list_first_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    list_entry((ptr)->next, type, member)

/**
 * list_last_entry - get the last element from a list
 * @ptr:    the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Note, that list is expected to be not empty.
 */
#define list_last_entry(ptr, type, member) \
    list_entry((ptr)->prev, type, member)

/**
 * list_first_entry_or_null - get the first element from a list
 * @ptr:    the list head to take the element from.
 * @type:   the type of the struct this is embedded in.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Note that if the list is empty, it returns NULL.
 */
#define list_first_entry_or_null(ptr, type, member) ({          \
    struct list_head *head__ = (ptr);                           \
    struct list_head *pos__ = READ_ONCE(head__->next);          \
    pos__ != head__ ? list_entry(pos__, type, member) : NULL;   \
})

/**
 * list_next_entry - get the next element in list
 * @pos:    the type * to cursor
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_next_entry(pos, member) \
    list_entry((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member)

/**
 * list_prev_entry - get the prev element in list
 * @pos:    the type * to cursor
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_prev_entry(pos, member) \
    list_entry((pos)->member.prev, typeof(*(pos)), member)

/**
 * list_for_each - iterate over a list
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)

/**
 * list_for_each_continue - continue iteration over a list
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 *
 * Continue to iterate over a list, continuing after the current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_continue(pos, head) \
    for (pos = pos->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next)

/**
 * list_for_each_prev - iterate over a list backwards
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_prev(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->prev; pos != (head); pos = pos->prev)

/**
 * list_for_each_safe - iterate over a list safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      another &struct list_head to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head)                        \
    for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head);      \
        pos = n, n = pos->next)

/**
 * list_for_each_prev_safe - iterate over a list backwards safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:    the &struct list_head to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      another &struct list_head to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 */
#define list_for_each_prev_safe(pos, n, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->prev, n = pos->prev; \
            pos != (head); \
            pos = n, n = pos->prev)

/**
 * list_for_each_entry - iterate over list of given type
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)                  \
    for (pos = list_first_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member);    \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = list_next_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_reverse - iterate backwards over list of given type.
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_reverse(pos, head, member)          \
    for (pos = list_last_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member);     \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_prepare_entry - prepare a pos entry for use in list_for_each_entry_continue()
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a start point
 * @head:   the head of the list
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Prepares a pos entry for use as a start point in list_for_each_entry_continue().
 */
#define list_prepare_entry(pos, head, member) \
    ((pos) ? : list_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_continue - continue iteration over list of given type
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Continue to iterate over list of given type, continuing after
 * the current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_continue(pos, head, member)         \
    for (pos = list_next_entry(pos, member);                    \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = list_next_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse - iterate backwards from the given point
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Start to iterate over list of given type backwards, continuing after
 * the current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(pos, head, member) \
    for (pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member);                    \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_from - iterate over list of given type from the current point
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate over list of given type, continuing from current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_from(pos, head, member)             \
    for (; &pos->member != (head);                              \
            pos = list_next_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_from_reverse - iterate backwards over list of given type
 *                                    from the current point
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate backwards over list of given type, continuing from current position.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_from_reverse(pos, head, member)     \
    for (; &pos->member != (head);                              \
            pos = list_prev_entry(pos, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe - iterate over list of given type safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, head, member)          \
    for (pos = list_first_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member),    \
        n = list_next_entry(pos, member);                       \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = n, n = list_next_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe_continue - continue list iteration safe against removal
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate over list of given type, continuing after current point,
 * safe against removal of list entry.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe_continue(pos, n, head, member) \
    for (pos = list_next_entry(pos, member),                    \
        n = list_next_entry(pos, member);                       \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = n, n = list_next_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe_from - iterate over list from current point safe against removal
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate over list of given type from current point, safe against
 * removal of list entry.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe_from(pos, n, head, member)     \
    for (n = list_next_entry(pos, member);                      \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = n, n = list_next_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse - iterate backwards over list safe against removal
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      another type * to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * Iterate backwards over list of given type, safe against removal
 * of list entry.
 */
#define list_for_each_entry_safe_reverse(pos, n, head, member)  \
    for (pos = list_last_entry(head, typeof(*pos), member),     \
        n = list_prev_entry(pos, member);                       \
            &pos->member != (head);                             \
            pos = n, n = list_prev_entry(n, member))

/**
 * list_safe_reset_next - reset a stale list_for_each_entry_safe loop
 * @pos:    the loop cursor used in the list_for_each_entry_safe loop
 * @n:      temporary storage used in list_for_each_entry_safe
 * @member: the name of the list_head within the struct.
 *
 * list_safe_reset_next is not safe to use in general if the list may be
 * modified concurrently (eg. the lock is dropped in the loop body). An
 * exception to this is if the cursor element (pos) is pinned in the list,
 * and list_safe_reset_next is called after re-taking the lock and before
 * completing the current iteration of the loop body.
 */
#define list_safe_reset_next(pos, n, member)            \
    n = list_next_entry(pos, member)

/*
 * Double linked lists with a single pointer list head.
 * Mostly useful for hash tables where the two pointer list head is
 * too wasteful.
 * You lose the ability to access the tail in O(1).
 */

#define HLIST_HEAD_INIT { .first = NULL }
#define HLIST_HEAD(name) struct hlist_head name = {  .first = NULL }
#define INIT_HLIST_HEAD(ptr) ((ptr)->first = NULL)
static inline void INIT_HLIST_NODE(struct hlist_node *h)
{
    h->next = NULL;
    h->pprev = NULL;
}

/**
 * hlist_unhashed - Has node been removed from list and reinitialized?
 * @h: Node to be checked
 *
 * Not that not all removal functions will leave a node in unhashed
 * state.  For example, hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu() does leave the
 * node in unhashed state, but hlist_nulls_del() does not.
 */
static inline int hlist_unhashed(const struct hlist_node *h)
{
    return !h->pprev;
}

/**
 * hlist_unhashed_lockless - Version of hlist_unhashed for lockless use
 * @h: Node to be checked
 *
 * This variant of hlist_unhashed() must be used in lockless contexts
 * to avoid potential load-tearing.  The READ_ONCE() is paired with the
 * various WRITE_ONCE() in hlist helpers that are defined below.
 */
static inline int hlist_unhashed_lockless(const struct hlist_node *h)
{
    return !READ_ONCE(h->pprev);
}

/**
 * hlist_empty - Is the specified hlist_head structure an empty hlist?
 * @h: Structure to check.
 */
static inline int hlist_empty(const struct hlist_head *h)
{
    return !READ_ONCE(h->first);
}

static inline void __hlist_del(struct hlist_node *n)
{
    struct hlist_node *next = n->next;
    struct hlist_node **pprev = n->pprev;

    WRITE_ONCE(*pprev, next);
    if (next)
        WRITE_ONCE(next->pprev, pprev);
}

/**
 * hlist_del - Delete the specified hlist_node from its list
 * @n: Node to delete.
 *
 * Note that this function leaves the node in hashed state.  Use
 * hlist_del_init() or similar instead to unhash @n.
 */
static inline void hlist_del(struct hlist_node *n)
{
    __hlist_del(n);
    n->next = LIST_POISON1;
    n->pprev = LIST_POISON2;
}

/**
 * hlist_del_init - Delete the specified hlist_node from its list and initialize
 * @n: Node to delete.
 *
 * Note that this function leaves the node in unhashed state.
 */
static inline void hlist_del_init(struct hlist_node *n)
{
    if (!hlist_unhashed(n)) {
        __hlist_del(n);
        INIT_HLIST_NODE(n);
    }
}

/**
 * hlist_add_head - add a new entry at the beginning of the hlist
 * @n: new entry to be added
 * @h: hlist head to add it after
 *
 * Insert a new entry after the specified head.
 * This is good for implementing stacks.
 */
static inline void hlist_add_head(struct hlist_node *n, struct hlist_head *h)
{
    struct hlist_node *first = h->first;
    WRITE_ONCE(n->next, first);
    if (first)
        WRITE_ONCE(first->pprev, &n->next);
    WRITE_ONCE(h->first, n);
    WRITE_ONCE(n->pprev, &h->first);
}

/**
 * hlist_add_before - add a new entry before the one specified
 * @n: new entry to be added
 * @next: hlist node to add it before, which must be non-NULL
 */
static inline void hlist_add_before(struct hlist_node *n,
                    struct hlist_node *next)
{
    WRITE_ONCE(n->pprev, next->pprev);
    WRITE_ONCE(n->next, next);
    WRITE_ONCE(next->pprev, &n->next);
    WRITE_ONCE(*(n->pprev), n);
}

/**
 * hlist_add_behing - add a new entry after the one specified
 * @n: new entry to be added
 * @prev: hlist node to add it after, which must be non-NULL
 */
static inline void hlist_add_behind(struct hlist_node *n,
                    struct hlist_node *prev)
{
    WRITE_ONCE(n->next, prev->next);
    WRITE_ONCE(prev->next, n);
    WRITE_ONCE(n->pprev, &prev->next);

    if (n->next)
        WRITE_ONCE(n->next->pprev, &n->next);
}

/**
 * hlist_add_fake - create a fake hlist consisting of a single headless node
 * @n: Node to make a fake list out of
 *
 * This makes @n appear to be its own predecessor on a headless hlist.
 * The point of this is to allow things like hlist_del() to work correctly
 * in cases where there is no list.
 */
static inline void hlist_add_fake(struct hlist_node *n)
{
    n->pprev = &n->next;
}

/**
 * hlist_fake: Is this node a fake hlist?
 * @h: Node to check for being a self-referential fake hlist.
 */
static inline bool hlist_fake(struct hlist_node *h)
{
    return h->pprev == &h->next;
}

/**
 * hlist_is_singular_node - is node the only element of the specified hlist?
 * @n: Node to check for singularity.
 * @h: Header for potentially singular list.
 *
 * Check whether the node is the only node of the head without
 * accessing head, thus avoiding unnecessary cache misses.
 */
static inline bool
hlist_is_singular_node(struct hlist_node *n, struct hlist_head *h)
{
    return !n->next && n->pprev == &h->first;
}

/**
 * hlist_move_list - Move an hlist
 * @old: hlist_head for old list.
 * @new: hlist_head for new list.
 *
 * Move a list from one list head to another. Fixup the pprev
 * reference of the first entry if it exists.
 */
static inline void hlist_move_list(struct hlist_head *old,
                    struct hlist_head *new)
{
    new->first = old->first;
    if (new->first)
        new->first->pprev = &new->first;
    old->first = NULL;
}

#define hlist_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr,type,member)

#define hlist_for_each(pos, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->first; pos ; pos = pos->next)

#define hlist_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \
    for (pos = (head)->first; pos && ({ n = pos->next; 1; }); \
         pos = n)

#define hlist_entry_safe(ptr, type, member) \
    ({ typeof(ptr) ____ptr = (ptr); \
        ____ptr ? hlist_entry(____ptr, type, member) : NULL; \
    })

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry    - iterate over list of given type
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry(pos, head, member)                         \
    for (pos = hlist_entry_safe((head)->first, typeof(*(pos)), member); \
            pos;                                                        \
            pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member))

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry_continue - iterate over a hlist continuing after current point
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @member: the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry_continue(pos, member)                          \
    for (pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member);\
            pos;                                                            \
            pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member))

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry_from - iterate over a hlist continuing from current point
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @member: the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry_from(pos, member)  \
    for (; pos;                                 \
            pos = hlist_entry_safe((pos)->member.next, typeof(*(pos)), member))

/**
 * hlist_for_each_entry_safe - iterate over list of given type safe against removal of list entry
 * @pos:    the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @n:      a &struct hlist_node to use as temporary storage
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
 */
#define hlist_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, head, member)                 \
    for (pos = hlist_entry_safe((head)->first, typeof(*pos), member);   \
            pos && ({ n = pos->member.next; 1; });                      \
            pos = hlist_entry_safe(n, typeof(*pos), member))

#endif

main.c

/**
 * C data structure kernel linked list example.
 * 
 * License - MIT.
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "list.h"


#define MAX_TEST_NUM                10


typedef struct _TESTDATA {
    int data;
    struct list_head list;
} TESTDATA, *LPTESTDATA;


/**
 * test_show - Display data.
*/
int test_show(LPTESTDATA lphead)
{
    LPTESTDATA tmp = NULL;

    list_for_each_entry(tmp, &lphead->list, list)
        printf("%d ", tmp->data);

    printf("\n");

    return 0;
}


/**
 * test_create - Create kernel linked list.
*/
int test_create(LPTESTDATA lphead)
{
    LPTESTDATA node;
    int buf[MAX_TEST_NUM] = {92, 26, 35, 82, 57, 46, 50, 3, 22, 81};

    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TEST_NUM; i++) {
        node = (LPTESTDATA) malloc(sizeof(TESTDATA));

        if (NULL == node) {
            printf("Error in create.\n");
            return -1;
        }

        node->data = buf[i];

        list_add_tail(&node->list, &lphead->list);
    }

    return 0;
}


/**
 * test_init - Initialize kernel linked list.
*/
int test_init(LPTESTDATA *lphead)
{
    *lphead = (LPTESTDATA) malloc(sizeof(TESTDATA));

    if (NULL == *lphead) {
        printf("Error in init.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    INIT_LIST_HEAD(&(*lphead)->list);

    return 0;
}


/**
 * test_clear - Clear kernel linked list data.
*/
int test_clear(LPTESTDATA lphead)
{
    LPTESTDATA pos = NULL, n = NULL;

    list_for_each_entry_safe(pos, n, &lphead->list, list) {
        list_del(&pos->list);

        free(pos);
    }

    free(lphead);

    pos     = NULL;
    n       = NULL;
    lphead  = NULL;

    return 0;
}


/**
 * Main function.
*/
int main(void)
{
    LPTESTDATA lphead;

    test_init(&lphead);

    test_create(lphead);

    test_show(lphead);

    test_clear(lphead);

    return 0;
}

Makefile

# Makefile
CC = gcc
CFLAGS = -Wall -g -O0

SRC = main.c

OBJ = kerlist-test

$(OBJ) : $(SRC)
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^

clean:
    $(RM) $(OBJ) *.o *.*.sw?

 

详细请参考Github: [Link] [https://github.com/Phoebus-Ma/C-Helper/tree/main/Class-1/List.C].