Nginx常用命令

1. 启动 Nginx          /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

poechant@ubuntu:sudo ./sbin/nginx

2. 停止 Nginx

poechant@ubuntu:sudo ./sbin/nginx -s stop
poechant@ubuntu:sudo ./sbin/nginx -s quit

-s都是采用向 Nginx 发送信号的方式。
3. Nginx 重载配置

poechant@ubuntu:sudo ./sbin/nginx -s reload

上述是采用向 Nginx 发送信号的方式，或者使用：

poechant@ubuntu:service nginx reload

4. 指定配置文件

poechant@ubuntu:sudo ./sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

-c表示configuration，指定配置文件。
5. 查看 Nginx 版本

有两种可以查看 Nginx 的版本信息的参数。第一种如下：

poechant@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ ./sbin/nginx -v
nginx: nginx version: nginx/1.0.0

另一种显示的是详细的版本信息：

poechant@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ ./sbin/nginx -V
nginx: nginx version: nginx/1.0.0
nginx: built by gcc 4.3.3 (Ubuntu 4.3.3-5ubuntu4)
nginx: TLS SNI support enabled
nginx: configure arguments: --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=/home/luming/openssl-1.0.0d/

6. 检查配置文件是否正确

poechant@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ ./sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [alert] could not open error log file: open() "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" failed (13: Permission denied)
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
2012/01/09 16:45:09 [emerg] 23898#0: open() "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" failed (13: Permission denied)
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test failed

如果出现如上的提示信息，表示没有访问错误日志文件和进程，可以sudo（super user do）一下：

poerchant@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ sudo ./sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

如果显示如上，则表示配置文件正确。否则，会有相关提示。
7. 显示帮助信息

poechant@ubuntu:/user/local/nginx$ ./sbin/nginx -h

或者：

poechant@ubuntu:/user/local/nginx$ ./sbin/nginx -?

[root@centos-1-22 sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos-1-22 sbin]# ./nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.0.15
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
-?,-h         : this help
-v            : show version and exit
-V            : show version and configure options then exit
-t            : test configuration and exit
-q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
-c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

以上这些涵盖了 Nginx 日常维护的所有基本操作，另外还有向 master 进程发送信号的相关命令，我们会在后续看到。