WebApi用户登录验证及服务器端用户状态存取

   最近项目需要给手机端提供数据，采用WebApi的方式，之前的权限验证设计不是很好，这次采用的是Basic基础认证。

1、常见的认证方式

   我们知道，asp.net的认证机制有很多种。对于WebApi也不例外，常见的认证方式有

• FORM身份验证
• 集成WINDOWS验证
• Basic基础认证
• Digest摘要认证

2、Basic基础认证原理

   我们知道，认证的目的在于安全，那么如何能保证安全呢？常用的手段自然是加密。Basic认证也不例外，主要原理就是加密用户信息，生成票据，每次请求的时候将票据带过来验证。这样说可能有点抽象，我们详细分解每个步骤：

1. 首先登陆的时候验证用户名、密码，如果登陆成功，则将用户名、密码按照一定的规则生成加密的票据信息Ticket，将票据信息返回到前端。
2. 如果登陆成功，前端会收到票据信息，然后跳转到主界面，并且将票据信息也带到主界面的ActionResult里面(例如跳转的url可以这样写：/Home/Index?Ticket=Ticket)
3. 在主界面的ActionResult里面通过参数得到票据信息Ticket，然后将Ticket信息保存到ViewBag里面传到前端。
4. 在主界面的前端，发送Ajax请求的时候将票据信息加入到请求的Head里面，将票据信息随着请求一起发送到服务端去。
5. 在WebApi服务里面定义一个类，继承AuthorizeAttribute类，然后重写父类的OnAuthorization方法，在OnAuthorization方法里面取到当前http请求的Head，从Head里面取到我们前端传过来的票据信息。解密票据信息，从解密的信息里面得到用户名和密码，然后验证用户名和密码是否正确。如果正确，表示验证通过，否则返回未验证的请求401。

 这个基本的原理。下面就按照这个原理来看看每一步的代码如何实现。

3、Basic基础认证的代码示例

    创建缓存类，存储用户状态信息CacheManager类

 

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public  class CacheManager    {        private static Dictionary<String, Object> cache = null;          private static CacheManager cacheManager =null;        /// <summary>          /// 程序运行时，创建一个静态只读的进程辅助对象          /// </summary>          private static readonly object _object = new object();        /// <summary>        /// Make sure the class is singleton so only one instance is shared by all.        /// </summary>        private CacheManager()        {            cache = new Dictionary<string, object>();        }        /// <summary>        /// Get the singleton instance.        /// </summary>        /// <returns></returns>        public static CacheManager instance()        {            //先判断实例是否存在，不存在再加锁处理              if (cacheManager == null)              {                  //在同一时刻加了锁的那部分程序只有一个线程可以进入，                  lock (_object)                  {                      //如实例不存在，则New一个新实例，否则返回已有实例                      if (cacheManager == null)                      {                          cacheManager = new CacheManager();                      }                  }              }            return cacheManager;        }       /// <summary>     /// 添加用户信息     /// </summary>     /// <param name="key"></param>     /// <param name="value"></param>        public void add(String key, Object value)        {            if (!cache.ContainsKey(key))                cache.Add(key, value);            else            {                remove(key);                cache.Add(key, value);            }        }         /// <summary>       /// 删除用户状态信息       /// </summary>       /// <param name="key"></param>        public void remove(String key)        {            cache.Remove(key);        }         /// <summary>       /// 初使化缓存       /// </summary>        public void invalidateCache()        {            cache = new Dictionary<string, object>();        }         /// <summary>       /// 获取用户状态信息       /// </summary>       /// <param name="key"></param>       /// <returns></returns>        public object get(String key)        {            Object obj;            if (cache.ContainsKey(key))                cache.TryGetValue(key,out obj);            else            {                obj = null;            }            return obj;        }    }

　　在App_Start文件下创建票据认识类RequestAuthorizeAttribute

 

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public class RequestAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute    {        CacheManager cache = CacheManager.instance();        //重写基类的验证方式，加入我们自定义的Ticket验证        public override void OnAuthorization(System.Web.Http.Controllers.HttpActionContext actionContext)        {            //从http请求的头里面获取身份验证信息，验证是否是请求发起方的ticket            var authorization = actionContext.Request.Headers.Authorization;            if ((authorization != null) && (authorization.Parameter != null))            {                  //解密用户ticket,并校验用户名密码是否匹配                  var encryptTicket = authorization.Parameter;                if (ValidateTicket(encryptTicket))                {                    base.IsAuthorized(actionContext);                }                else                {                    HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);                }            }            //如果取不到身份验证信息，并且不允许匿名访问，则返回未验证401            else            {                var attributes = actionContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes<AllowAnonymousAttribute>().OfType<AllowAnonymousAttribute>();                bool isAnonymous = attributes.Any(a => a is AllowAnonymousAttribute);                if (isAnonymous) base.OnAuthorization(actionContext);                else HandleUnauthorizedRequest(actionContext);            }        }        //校验用户名密码        private bool ValidateTicket(string encryptTicket)        {            //解密Ticket            var strTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(encryptTicket).UserData;            //从Ticket里面获取用户名和密码            var index = strTicket.IndexOf("&");            string strUser = strTicket.Substring(0, index);            string strPwd = strTicket.Substring(index + 1);            //服务器端判断用户信息            object objUmodel = cache.get(strUser);            if (objUmodel != null)            {                UserModel u = (UserModel)objUmodel;                if (u.UserPwd.Equals(strPwd))                    return true;                else                    cache.remove(strUser);                  return false;            }            else            {                return false;            }        }    }

　　

　　　　在公共方法中创建获取票据方法

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/// <summary>       /// 获取票据       /// </summary>       /// <param name="ticketName">票证名称</param>       /// <param name="timeState">票证过期时间</param>       /// <param name="userData">票证数据</param>       /// <returns></returns>       public static FormsAuthenticationTicket GetTicket(string ticketName, int timeState, string userData)       {           FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(0, ticketName, DateTime.Now,                        DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(timeState),true, string.Format("{0}&{1}", ticketName, userData),                        FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath);           return ticket;       }

　　　　用户登录时，存入票据

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[HttpPost]    [AllowAnonymous]    public object UserLogin([FromBody] UserModel model)    {        Int32 sysRole = 0;        Message msg = new Message() { Content = "登录失败，请重新登录!" };        if (model==null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(model.UserCode) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(model.UserPwd))        {            msg.Flag = false;            return msg;        }        string EncryptPwd = PasswordUtility.Md5To32(model.UserPwd);        var userModel = user.UserModelByLogin(model.UserCode, EncryptPwd, sysRole);        if (userModel != null && userModel.ID > 0)        {            msg.Flag = true;            msg.Content = "登录成功!";            FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = Common.GetTicket(userModel.UserCode, timeState, EncryptPwd);            //返回登录结果、用户信息、用户验证票据信息            var oUser = new UserModel { Flag = true,UserCode= userModel.UserCode,UserImg= userModel.UserImg, UserName = userModel.UserName, UserPwd = EncryptPwd, Ticket = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket) };            msg.ApiData = oUser;           cache.add(model.UserCode, oUser);        }        else        {            msg.Flag = false;            msg.Data = "";        }        return msg;    }

　 

4、WebApi跨域调用方法

因为WebApi涉及到跨域请求，所以在WebConfig中需要加入一段代码，解决跨域问题，Authorization是向http的head里面加入请求票据，否则浏览器请求不成功。

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<httpProtocol>     <customHeaders>       <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Origin" value="*" />       <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Headers" value=" Origin,Content-Type, Accept,Authorization" />       <add name="Access-Control-Allow-Methods" value="GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS" />     </customHeaders>   </httpProtocol>

　　

5、Web页面调用WebApi方法,使用Ajax调用方法

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var Ticket;    $(function () {        $.ajax({            type: "post",            url: url + "/UserLogin",            data: { UserCode: '1002', UserPwd: '123456' },            datatype: 'json',            success: function (data, status) {                if (status == "success") {                    debugger;                    if (!data.Flag) {                        alert("登录失败");                        return;                    }                    alert("登录成功");                    //登录成功之后将用户名和用户票据带到主界面                    Ticket = data.ApiData.Ticket;                    $("#hdTicket").val(Ticket);                  }            },            error: function (e) {            },            complete: function () {            }        });    });      function myfunction() {        $.ajax({            type: "get",            url: url + '/GetLoginOut?uid=1002',            datatype:'json',            beforeSend: function (request) {                alert('beforesend:' + Ticket);                //发送ajax请求之前向http的head里面加入验证信息                request.setRequestHeader('Authorization', 'BasicAuth ' + Ticket);            },            //xhrFields: {            //    withCredentials: true            //},            //crossDomain: true,            success: function (data) {                alert('success:' + data);            },            error: function (data) {                console.log(data);                alert('error:' + data);            }        });    }

　　

   跨域请求参考地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/cdemo/p/5158663.html

  原为参考地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/landeanfen/p/5287064.html