.NET中RabbitMQ的使用
概述
MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。AMQP(高级消息队列协议) 是一个异步消息传递所使用的应用层协议规范，作为线路层协议，而不是API（例如JMS），AMQP 客户端能够无视消息的来源任意发送和接受信息。AMQP的原始用途只是为金融界提供一个可以彼此协作的消息协议，而现在的目标则是为通用消息队列架构提供通用构建工具。因此，面向消息的中间件 （MOM）系统，例如发布/订阅队列，没有作为基本元素实现。AMQP当中有四个概念非常重要（一个虚拟主机持有一组交换机、队列和绑定）：
virtual host，虚拟主机exchange，交换机queue，队列binding，绑定
Window下安装RabbbitMQ
文件下载安装
Rabbit MQ 是建立在强大的Erlang OTP平台上，因此安装Rabbit MQ的前提是安装Erlang。通过下面两个连接下载安装3.2.3 版本：
- 下载并安装 Erlang OTP For Windows (vR16B03)
- 运行安装 Rabbit MQ Server Windows Installer (v3.2.3)
默认安装的Rabbit MQ 监听端口是5672。先安装Erlang OTP后安装RabbitMQ，安装方式默认即可，RabbitMQ可以勾选安装后台服务、服务启动和停止等操作。
激活Rabbit MQ's Management Plugin
使用Rabbit MQ 管理插件，可以更好的可视化方式查看Rabbit MQ 服务器实例的状态，打开CMD命令，cd到安装目录（..\rabbitmq_server-3.2.3\sbin）下，输入下面的命令激活：
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
要重启服务才能生效，可以执行
net stop RabbitMQ && net start RabbitMQ
输入网址，打开监控页面： http://localhost:15672 (默认账号和密码：guest 和guest)
配置RabbitMQ用户权限
RabbitMQ是存在用户权限的，默认是guest 密码也是guest，隶属于Administrator管理员下。现需要配置新用户和权限，继续打开CMD命令，cd到安装目录sbin下：
用户操作指令：
::查询服务状态
rabbitmqctl status
::列举虚拟主机列表
rabbitmqctl list_vhosts
::列举用户列表
rabbitmqctl list_users
:: 添加用户和密码
rabbitmqctl add_user hao abc123
:: 设置权限
rabbitmqctl set_permissions yy ".*" ".*" ".*"
:: 分配用户组
rabbitmqctl set_user_tags yy administrator
:: 删除guest用户
rabbitmqctl delete_user guest
::修改用户密码
rabbitmqctl change_password {username} {newpassowrd}
像ADO.Net的五大对象也是，操作数据库先进行连接connection,然后使用command过滤出要选择的数据，使用DataReader或DataSet、DataAdapter,在RabbitMQ的使用当中也有基本固定的步骤。
一、生产者
1.创建连接connection:不管是生产者还是消费者都需要先于RabbitMQ服务器连接，才能进行数据交换
2.创建通道 Channel:生产者、消费者的消息传递是在通道下传递的
3.声明交换器、队列
4.交换器与队列进行绑定
5.通过交换器BasicPublish数据到队列
二、消费者
1.创建连接 :和生产者一样
2.创建通道:和生产者一样
3.声明交换器、队列
4.交换器与队列进行绑定
5.通过BasicGet方法获取队列中的数据
上面一、二是大致的基本步骤，按照大致的步骤来基本不会出现大的问题，其实生产者和消费者的前4个步骤基本一样，主要是第5个步骤，一个是生产BasicPublish发布，一个是获取Get。
三、出现的错误
在ConnectionFactory创建连接对象时出现上面提到的bug:None of the specified endpoints were reachable.
四、demo
1.首先在生产者端和消费者端引入RabbitMQ
2.生产者端
using RabbitMQ.Client; using System; using System.Text; namespace RabbitMQProduct { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Welcome to RabbitMQ Product!"); DirectExchangeSendMsg(); // TopicExchangeSendMsg(); Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 连接配置 /// </summary> private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() { UserName = "howdyadmin", Password = "123456", Port = 5672, VirtualHost = "howdyVirtualHost" }; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string ExchangeName = "howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string QueueName = "howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string TopExchangeName = "topic.howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string TopQueueName = "topic.howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 单点精确路由模式 /// </summary> public static void DirectExchangeSendMsg() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); props.Persistent = true; string vadata = Console.ReadLine(); while (vadata != "exit") { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata); channel.BasicPublish(exchange: ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName, basicProperties: props, body: msgBody); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***发送时间:{0}，发送完成，输入exit退出消息发送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); vadata = Console.ReadLine(); } } } } /// <summary> /// topic 模糊匹配模式，符号“#”匹配一个或多个词，符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”，但是“log.*” 只会匹配到“log.error” /// </summary> public static void TopicExchangeSendMsg() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName,ExchangeType.Topic, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName); //var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); //props.Persistent = true; string vadata = Console.ReadLine(); while (vadata != "exit") { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(vadata); channel.BasicPublish(exchange: TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName, basicProperties: null, body: msgBody); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***发送时间:{0}，发送完成，输入exit退出消息发送", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"))); vadata = Console.ReadLine(); } } } } } }
上面的代码分别创建了两个路由和两个队列，一种是DirectExchange，一种是TopicExchange，验证时需要生产者和消费者使用同一种的ExChange。
3.消费者端
using RabbitMQ.Client; using RabbitMQ.Client.Events; using System; using System.Text; namespace RabbitMQConsumer { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Console.WriteLine("Welcome to RabbitMQ Consumer!"); //DirectAcceptExchange(); //DirectAcceptExchangeEvent(); DirectAcceptExchangeTask(); //TopicAcceptExchange(); Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } /// <summary> /// 连接配置 /// </summary> private static readonly ConnectionFactory rabbitMqFactory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "127.0.0.1", UserName = "howdyadmin", Password = "123456", Port = 5672, VirtualHost = "howdyVirtualHost" }; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string ExchangeName = "howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string QueueName = "howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 路由名称 /// </summary> const string TopExchangeName = "topic.howdy.exchange"; //队列名称 const string TopQueueName = "topic.howdy.queue"; /// <summary> /// 基于时间轮询的，每隔一段时间获取一次 /// </summary> public static void DirectAcceptExchange() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); while (true) { BasicGetResult msgResponse = channel.BasicGet(QueueName, true); if (msgResponse != null) { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(msgResponse.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); } System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1)); } } } } /// <summary> /// 基于事件的，当消息到达时触发事件，获取数据 /// </summary> public static void DirectAcceptExchangeEvent() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); }; channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, true, consumer: consumer); Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } /// <summary> /// 基于事件的，当消息到达时触发事件，获取数据 /// </summary> public static void DirectAcceptExchangeTask() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { //channel.ExchangeDeclare(ExchangeName, "direct", durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(QueueName, durable: true, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);//告诉broker同一时间只处理一个消息 //channel.QueueBind(QueueName, ExchangeName, routingKey: QueueName); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1; System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000); //处理完成，告诉Broker可以服务端可以删除消息，分配新的消息过来 channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false); }; //noAck设置false,告诉broker，发送消息之后，消息暂时不要删除，等消费者处理完成再说 channel.BasicConsume(QueueName, false, consumer: consumer); Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } /// <summary> /// topic 模糊匹配模式，符号“#”匹配一个或多个词，符号“*”匹配不多不少一个词。因此“log.#”能够匹配到“log.info.oa”，但是“log.*” 只会匹配到“log.error” /// </summary> public static void TopicAcceptExchange() { using (IConnection conn = rabbitMqFactory.CreateConnection()) { using (IModel channel = conn.CreateModel()) { channel.ExchangeDeclare(TopExchangeName, ExchangeType.Topic, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(TopQueueName, durable: false, autoDelete: false, exclusive: false, arguments: null); channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false); channel.QueueBind(TopQueueName, TopExchangeName, routingKey: TopQueueName); var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var msgBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body); Console.WriteLine(string.Format("***接收时间:{0}，消息内容：{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), msgBody)); int dots = msgBody.Split('.').Length - 1; System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(dots * 1000); Console.WriteLine(" [x] Done"); channel.BasicAck(deliveryTag: ea.DeliveryTag, multiple: false); }; channel.BasicConsume(TopQueueName, false, consumer: consumer); Console.WriteLine("按任意值，退出程序"); Console.ReadKey(); } } } } }
消费者端也是两个路由两个队列，在实现DirectExchange时使用了三种方式，DirectAcceptExchange是基于时间轮询的，每隔一段时间获取一次，DirectAcceptExchangeEvent、DirectAcceptExchangeTask是基于事件的，当消息到达时触发事件，获取数据。
4.实验截图
参考原文地址(感谢分享)：
