02_ubantu常用软件安装
软件更新
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进入系统后,什么也不要做,先去更新软件;如果网速慢的话,可以稍后更新
更多请参考
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38359296/article/details/79084979
log.csdn.net/weixin_38359296/article/details/79084979
刚开始会有系统更新的命令,选择更新,这需要大概1小时的时间
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXft: No such file or directory
xt@rust:~$ apt-cache search libXft libxft-dev - FreeType-based font drawing library for X (development files) libxft2 - FreeType-based font drawing library for X xt@rust:~$ sudo apt-get install libxft-dev
软件安装
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sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock-frontend
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
apt install net-tools vim pkg-config git ntpdate libncurses5 libxft-dev curl
apt install libxinerama-dev libcairo-gobject2 libpango1.0-dev libpangoxft-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libxcursor-dev libcairo2-dev libbz2-dev
apt-get install libssl-dev #openssl
gcc软件包
sudo apt install build-essential
or
apt-get update
apt-get gcc
apt install cmake
20.04 修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname testname
sudo apt-get install unixodbc unixodbc-dev
apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev
apt install python3-pip
pip3 install mysqlclient
apt-get install p7zip-full
解压7z:使用方法:7z x file file是你要解压的文件名
软件卸载
(base) qisan@ai:~/Downloads$ sudo dpkg --list |grep baidu ii baidunetdisk 4.11.5 amd64 ii fcitx-baidupinyin:amd64 1.0.1.0 amd64 Fcitx wrapper for Baidu Pinyin IM engine (base) qisan@ai:~/Downloads$ sudo apt-get --purge remove baidunetdisk
ubantu sudo 免密码
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root@db:~# cat /etc/sudoers.d/black
%black ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
不锁屏
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settings-->Privacy-->Automatic Screen Lock--> OFF
或者
下三角-->个人用户--> UNLOCK
vmware tools安装
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不要使用root用户安装 ,使用普通用户安装
点击标签安装vmware tools,复制到一个目录,解压tar.gz
sudo ./
如果tools按钮是灰色的
挂载新磁盘
----------------------------------------------------------mkfs -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4
mkdir /disk
mount -t ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4
/disk
vim /etc/fstab
/dev/nvme0n1p4 /disk ext4 defaults 0 0
vmware共享目录,然后在ubantu中挂载
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cd /mnt
mkdir share
vmhgfs-fuse share
共享的目录就挂载到share目录下了
挂载windows文件目录到ubantu -- vbox
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https://www.cnblogs.com/linjiqin/p/3615477.html
挂载点设置为disk
mkdir /disk
mount -t vboxsf disk /disk
要想自动挂载的话,可以在/etc/fstab中添加一项
disk /disk vboxsf rw,gid=100,uid=1000,auto 0 0
5、卸载的话使用下面的命令:
sudo umount -f /disk
挂载windows文件目录到ubantu -- vmware
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ll /mnt/hgfs/
rsync -rltDv /mnt/hgfs/disk/* /disk/
root@bage:/mnt# root@bage:/mnt# vmware-hgfsclient disk root@bage:/mnt# mkdir /data root@bage:/mnt# root@bage:/mnt# vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /data/ -o nonempty -o allow_other root@bage:/mnt# ll /data/ total 13 dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4192 Aug 27 14:14 ./ drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 Aug 27 14:12 ../ drwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4096 May 30 14:47 disk/
在ubantu系统上远程连接windows
ubantu20以后,自带远程连接的应用 remmina
打开这个应用,直接输入windows的IP,回车输入用户名密码即可连接
显示画面十分清晰,不像Real VNC那样出现画面模糊的现象
参考https://blog.csdn.net/lucky7213/article/details/107008246/,该文章开始部分为windows连接ubantu的设置
ubantu共享中允许其他机器连接
sudo apt-get install xrdp
sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
重启ubantu
启动软件“dconf-editor",打开之后,依次展开org->gnome->desktop->remote-access,然后取消 “requlre-encryption”的勾选即可。
进入windows,mstsc开启远程桌面,填入IP登陆,选择vnc-any,填入IP和共享设置的密码
Ubuntu18.04使用RealVNC进行远程桌面连接
https://blog.csdn.net/u012911347/article/details/81209222
windows上安装real vnc,ubantu上安装VNC Viewer,应用程序中打开VNC Viewer,输入windows的IP,用户名密码,即可连接
缺点,图面像素有些模糊,ubantu21该方法可行
20.4的输入法安装
Ubuntu20.04安装fcitx中文输入法(五笔拼音)
小企鹅五笔输入法
sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-table-wbpy
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-wubi
安装后重启系统
右上角的输入法图标-->restart-->config
atom在ubantu-ibus输入法模式下无法切换中英文,小企鹅输入法则没有这个问题
重启一下ubuntu系统 -->进入输入法管理-->Manage Installed Language --> keyboard input method system:fcitx -->重启系统后就可以看到语言小图标了
配置 --> 点击+号 --> 添加wubi输入法,注意窗口下方的上下箭头,可以调换输入法的顺序,将新添加的输入法调换到第一行
配置 -->Global Config-->配置默认的输入法切换命令组合
切换-->custom switch key
其他输入法安装
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans
sudo apt install ibus-libpinyin
sudo apt install ibus-clutter
然后在Region & Language 中点击+号添加输入法;
安装完这个之后,默认有五笔输入法,可以不用再安装下面的五笔输入法
找不到的,可以执行一下面的安装,实际上点击+号后,可以看到一个chinese的选项,双击这个选项会展开两个内容,就是两个五笔输入法
sudo apt-get install ibus ibus-table ibus-table-wubi
ubantu开机执行脚本
# crontab -e @reboot ( sleep 30 ; bash /opt/scripts/os_init.sh )
xshell连接ubantu服务器
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sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo service ssh restart
sudo apt install net-tools
登录显示
Welcome to Ubuntu 19.04 (GNU/Linux 5.0.0-16-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
安装wps
wps下载网址:http://community.wps.cn/download/
关于Ubuntu16.04中WPS不能输入中文的问题:参考
http://blog.csdn.net/duxu24/article/details/52711693
sudo dpkg -i wps-office_11.1.0.8392_amd64.deb
ubantu安装python3
简易安装
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sudo apt install python3.9 # version 3.7.3-1, or
sudo apt install python2.7 # version 2.7.16-1
sudo apt install python-minimal # version 2.7.16-1
ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /bin/python
更改默认值,python默认为Python2,现在修改为Python3,谁的值高谁优先
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 150
或者按各自版本设定顺序
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 2
用到哪个时,加个再设为100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 100
apt install python-pip
apt install python3-pip
其他安装方式
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请注意,系统自带的python千万不能卸载!
输入命令
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/python-3.7
按Enter确认
输入命令sudo apt-get update
输入命令sudo apt-get install python3.6
数据库安装
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mysql
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sudo apt-get install mysql-server
修改配置文件
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 100 # 不限制具体数值
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = row
character-set-server=utf8
需要以root用户启动
/etc/init.d/mysql start
mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
默认密码为空
用户创建
create user 'automng'@'%' ;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'automng'@'%' identified by 'Automng_123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
create user 'automng'@'127.0.0.1' ;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'automng'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'Automng_123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
create user 'automng'@'localhost' ;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'automng'@'localhost' identified by 'Automng_123' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;
create user 'root'@'127.0.0.1' ;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
mysql -uautomng -pAutomng_123
alias root="mysql -uroot -p123456"
redis
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sudo apt-get install redis-server
vim /etc/redis/redis.conf
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
bind 0.0.0.0
/etc/init.d/redis-server start
redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379>
mongodb
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sudo apt-get install mongodb
vim /etc/mongodb.conf
bind_ip = 0.0.0.0
/etc/init.d/mongodb start
netstat -tunlp |grep mongo
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16750/mongod
/etc/init.d/mongodb restart
# mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.6.8
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
cetons
https://www.imooc.com
https://www.imooc.com/article/22072
Ubuntu18.04安装Docker
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简易安装
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sudo apt install docker.io
systemctl unmask docker.service
systemctl unmask docker.socket
systemctl start docker.service
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
docker -v
code
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ubantu下载
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/?dv=linux64_deb
dpkg -i
idea
wget https://download.jetbrains.8686c.com/idea/ideaIU-2019.3.1.tar.gz
wget https://download-cf.jetbrains.com/go/goland-2019.3.1.tar.gz
wget https://download-cf.jetbrains.com/python/pycharm-professional-2019.3.tar.gz
解压文件即安装文件,所以要先放到指定的安装目录,再安装
Eclipse
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JAVA
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/app/jdk8/
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
java -version
elipse
下载linux版本即可
eclipse背景色设置https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/d5a880eb6c4f7813f147ccef.html
eclipse配置go所需要的linux版的godef/gocode/guru https://download.csdn.net/download/tpfbx/12084070
2019-12版本随之升级的有CodeMix插件,可以尝试一下
鼠标左右键切换
sudo xmodmap -e 'pointer = 3 2 1'
切换回来
sudo xmodmap -e 'pointer = 1 2 3'
在ubuntu下创建Eclipse桌面快捷方式
软链接
ln -s 硬链接文件 软链接文件
ln -s /opt/eclipse_java/eclipse ./eclipse_java
SWF播放器
https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/3d69c5515b658ef0cf02d7b0.html
设置合上笔记本盖子不休眠的方法
https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoxiao133/article/details/82847936
sudo gedit /etc/systemd/logind.conf
HandleLidSwitch=ignore
service systemd-logind restart #重启之前把该关闭的都关闭了,重启之后可能是全关
ubantu中goland无法输入中文
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在goland.sh的开头加入
#!/bin/sh # --------------------------------------------------------------------- # GoLand startup script. # --------------------------------------------------------------------- export XMODIFIERS="@im=ibus" export GTK_IM_MODULE="ibus" export QT_IM_MODULE="ibus"
尽管我用的是小企鹅五笔输入法,但这里写ibus的确生效解决了问题,同时
Region & Language --> + 号,把五笔输入添加进来,这里在屏幕右上栏可以看到一个语言小三角,下拉就到选择对应的中文输入法
ubantu截图快捷键
ctrl + shift + print 区域截图
ctrl + alt + pring 窗口截图
开机执行初始化命令
任务计划中添加
crontab -e
# m h dom mon dow command @reboot ( sleep 30 ; bash /opt/scripts/os_init.sh )
PT工具安装
ubantu 20.4
sudo apt update
sudo apt-get install -y percona-toolkit libdbi-perl libdbd-mysql-perl libterm-readkey-perl
vmware ubantu重装安装VMware Tools是灰色的
虚拟机CD/DVD 为自动检测
改为使用ISO文件,再改为自动检测,重新安装就变亮了