KVM三企业级虚拟化技术KVM网络及脚本管理

一、KVM网络管理

画图工具

	https://www.processon.com

分类:

网络:

nat 
isolated 

接口:

bridge

虚拟交换机

linux-bridge(linux自带)

ovs(open-Vswitch)

NAT网络拓扑

隔离网络拓扑

桥接网络拓扑

可以通过查看mac地址是否一致来确定是不是一根线上的两个接口

[root@server ~]# brctl show
bridge name	bridge id		        STP enabled	 interfaces
virbr0		  8000.5254003c2ba7	  yes		       virbr0-nic
							                           		 vnet2
   						                           		 vnet3

从交换机上把vnet网卡删除:

[root@server ~]# brctl delif  virbr0 vnet0

添加vnet网卡到交换机上:

[root@server ~]# brctl addif  virbr0 vnet0

1、配置文件方式配置桥接

在宿主机上
1.修改配置文件
  [root@server ~]# cat ifcfg-br0 
  TYPE=Bridge
  NAME=br0
  DEVICE=br0
  ONBOOT="yes"
  BOOTPROTO=static
  IPADDR=10.18.44.251
  GATEWAY=10.18.44.1
  NETMASK=255.255.255.0
  DNS1=10.18.44.100
  DNS2=8.8.8.8

  [root@server ~]# cat ifcfg-enp3s0
  DEVICE="enp3s0"
  ONBOOT="yes"
  BRIDGE=br0

2.重启libvirtd服务
3.重启network服务 

删除桥接网卡步骤:
  1.删除br0的配置文件
  2.修改正常网卡的配置文件
  3.重启系统     

2、配置文件方式创建nat网络

[root@server ~]# cp /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/nat2.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/nat3.xml

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/nat3.xml
<network>
 <name>nat3</name>
 <uuid>4d8b9b5c-748f-4e16-a509-848202b9c83b</uuid>
 <forward mode='nat'/>       //和隔离模式的区别
 <bridge name='virbr4' stp='on' delay='0'/>
 <mac address='52:57:00:62:0c:d4'/>
 <domain name='nat3'/>
 <ip address='192.168.104.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
  <dhcp>
   <range start='192.168.104.128' end='192.168.104.254'/>
  </dhcp>
 </ip>
</network>

重启服务:
[root@server ~]# systemctl  restart libvirtd  

3、配置文件方式创建isolated网络

<network>
 <name>isolate1</name>
 <uuid>6341d3a6-7330-4e45-a8fe-164a6a68929a</uuid>
 <bridge name='virbr2' stp='on' delay='0'/>
 <mac address='52:54:00:6b:39:0c'/>
 <domain name='isolate1'/>
 <ip address='192.168.101.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
  <dhcp>
   <range start='192.168.101.128' end='192.168.101.254'/>
  </dhcp>
 </ip>
</network>     
查看所有的网络:
[root@server ~]# virsh net-list

启动网络:
[root@server ~]# virsh net-start isolated200

开机自启动:
[root@server ~]# virsh net-autostart  isolated200   

网络相关基本命令

查看一个guest主机的网络接口信息:
[root@server ~]# virsh domiflist vm1

接口      类型      源      型号      MAC
---------------------------------------
vnet0    network   default   virtio    52:54:00:94:a7:a1

Virbr0的DHCP

Virbr0 是 KVM 默认创建的一个 Bridge,其作用是为连接其上的虚机网卡提供 NAT 访问外网的功能。

Virbr0 默认分配了一个IP 192.168.122.1,并为连接其上的其他虚拟网卡提供 DHCP 服务。

Virbr0 使用 dnsmasq 提供 DHCP 服务,可以在宿主机中查看该进程信息
[root@server ~]# ps -elf|grep dnsmasq
  5 S libvirt+  2422  1  0  80  0 -  7054 poll_s 11:26 ?  00:00:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf

在 /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/ 目录下有一个 virbr0.status 文件,当 VM1 成功获得 DHCP 的 IP 后,可以在该文件中查看到相应的信息

[root@server ~]# cat virbr0.status 
  [
   {
    "ip-address": "192.168.122.28",
    "mac-address": "52:54:00:94:a7:a1",
    "hostname": "vm1",
    "expiry-time": 1511626337
   }
  ]

从外面客户端访问KVM中NAT方式的内网虚拟机:

本机开启路由,开启防火墙,写入如下规则:
[root@server ~]# iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 10022 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.10.11:22

从其他客户端测试:
[wing@macserver ~]$ ssh root@192.168.22.108 -p 10022

二、脚本管理KVM

1、批量创建虚机脚本

#!/bin/bash
#KVM batch create vm tool
#version: 0.1
#author: wing
#需要事先准备模板镜像和配置文件模板

echo "1.创建自定义配置单个虚拟机
2.批量创建自定义配置虚拟机
3.批量创建默认配置虚拟机
4.删除虚拟机"

#扩展功能:
[root@server ~]#  查看现在虚拟机
[root@server ~]#  查看某个虚拟机的配置
[root@server ~]#  升配/降配
[root@server ~]#  添加/删除网络 
read -p "选取你的操作(1/2/3):" op
batch_self_define() {
    KVMname=`openssl rand -hex 5`
    sourceimage=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vmmodel.img
    sourcexml=/etc/libvirt/qemu/vmmodel.xml
    newimg=/var/lib/libvirt/images/${KVMname}.img
    newxml=/etc/libvirt/qemu/${KVMname}.xml
    cp $sourceimage  $newimg
    cp $sourcexml $newxml
    KVMuuid=`uuidgen`
    KVMmem=${1}000000
    KVMcpu=$2
    KVMimg=$newimg
    KVMmac=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/..\B/&:/g'` 
    sed -i "s@KVMname@$KVMname@;s@KVMuuid@$KVMuuid@;s@KVMmem@$KVMmem@;s@KVMcpu@$KVMcpu@;s@KVMimg@$KVMimg@;s@KVMmac@$KVMmac@" $newxml
    virsh define $newxml
    virsh list --all
}

self_define() {
    read -p "请输入新虚机名称:" newname
    read -p "请输入新虚机内存大小(G):" newmem
    read -p "请输入新虚机cpu个数:" newcpu
    sourceimage=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vmmodel.img
    sourcexml=/etc/libvirt/qemu/vmmodel.xml
    newimg=/var/lib/libvirt/images/${newname}.img
    newxml=/etc/libvirt/qemu/${newname}.xml 
    cp $sourceimage  $newimg
    cp $sourcexml $newxml
    KVMname=$newname
    KVMuuid=`uuidgen`
    KVMmem=${newmem}000000
    KVMcpu=$newcpu
    KVMimg=$newimg
    KVMmac=`openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/..\B/&:/g'`
    sed -i "s@KVMname@$KVMname@;s@KVMuuid@$KVMuuid@;s@KVMmem@$KVMmem@;s@KVMcpu@$KVMcpu@;s@KVMimg@$KVMimg@;s@KVMmac@$KVMmac@" $newxml
    virsh define $newxml
    virsh list --all
}

case $op in
1)self_define;;
2)
    read -p "请输入要创建的虚拟机的个数:" num
    read -p "请输入新虚机内存大小(G):" newmem
    read -p "请输入新虚机cpu个数:" newcpu
    for((i=1;i<=$num;i++))
    do
        batch_self_define $newmem $newcpu
    done;;
3)
    read -p "请输入要创建的虚拟机的个数:" num
    for((i=1;i<=$num;i++))
    do
        batch_self_define 1 1
    done;;
*)
    echo "输入错误,请重新执行脚本"
    exit;;
esac

2、配置文件模板

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/libvirt/qemu/vmmodel.xml
<domain type='KVM'>

 <name>KVMname</name>

 <uuid>KVMuuid</uuid>

 <memory unit='KiB'>KVMmem</memory>

 <currentMemory unit='KiB'>KVMmem</currentMemory>

 <vcpu placement='static'>KVMcpu</vcpu>

 <os>

  <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>

  <boot dev='hd'/>

 </os>

 <features>

  <acpi/>

  <apic/>

 </features>

 <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>

  <model fallback='allow'>Haswell-noTSX</model>

 </cpu>

 <clock offset='utc'>

  <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>

  <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>

  <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>

 </clock>

 <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

 <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

 <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>

 <pm>

  <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>

  <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>

 </pm>

 <devices>

  <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-KVM</emulator>

  <disk type='file' device='disk'>

   <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>

   <source file='KVMimg'/>

   <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>

  </disk>

  <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>

  </controller>

  <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>

   <master startport='0'/>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>

  </controller>

  <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>

   <master startport='2'/>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>

  </controller>

  <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>

   <master startport='4'/>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>

  </controller>

  <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>

  <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>

  </controller>

  <interface type='network'>

   <mac address='52:54:00:KVMmac'/>

   <source network='default'/>

   <model type='virtio'/>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

  </interface>

  <serial type='pty'>

   <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>

    <model name='isa-serial'/>

   </target>

  </serial>

  <console type='pty'>

   <target type='serial' port='0'/>

  </console>

  <channel type='unix'>

   <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>

   <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>

  </channel>

  <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

  <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>

  <memballoon model='virtio'>

   <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>

  </memballoon>

 </devices>

</domain>

3、随机生成mac地址

其中5种方式:

[root@server ~]# echo $[$RANDOM%9]$[$RANDOM%9]:$[$RANDOM%9]$[$RANDOM%9]:$[$RANDOM%9]$[$RANDOM%9]
65:42:31

[root@server ~]# echo `openssl rand -hex 1`:`openssl rand -hex 1`:`openssl rand -hex 1`
99:6e:67
 
[root@server ~]# openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/(..)/\1:/g'|sed 's/.$//'
e9:b6:12
 
[root@server ~]# openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/(..)(..)(..)/\1:\2:\3/g'
94:89:e3

[root@server ~]# openssl rand -hex 3 | sed -r 's/..\B/&:/g'
c5:66:90

\B 表示 非单词边界

\b 表示 单词边界

<a  表示以a开头的单词

b>  表示以b结尾的单词

使用UUID:
[root@server ~]# uuidgen | sed -r 's/(..)(..)(..)(.*)/\1:\2:\3/'

使用熵池里面的随机数:
[root@server ~]# echo -n 00:60:2F; dd bs=1 count=3 if=/dev/random 2>/dev/null | hexdump -v -e '/1 ":%02X"'

三、KVM相关项目

1、迁移

从物理机器迁移到KVM

从KVM迁移到云主机

2、文件管理服务(ftp nfs jira+wiki)

3、日志服务

posted @ 2020-08-25 11:39  Sureing  阅读(719)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报