5.elasticsearch中查询条件
目录
一、URI查询
(这里在kibana中可以自己用用,实际上,下文中的DSL查询语句作用会更大些)
通过在URI后面添加参数,实现一些简单条件的查询
- q指定查询语句,使用Query String Syntax
- df指定默认字段,不指定查询所有字段
- sort排序/from和size用于分页
- profile可以用来查看是如何被执行的
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title&sort=year:desc&from=0&size=10&timeout=1s
{
"profile":true
}
指定字段、泛查询
GET /movies/_search?q=2012&df=title
{
"profile":"true"
}
#泛查询,正对_all,所有字段
GET /movies/_search?q=2012
{
"profile":"true"
}
分组和phrase
分组查询需要使用(),将查询条件括起来,里面字段默认是or的关系,查出来的文档有其一个就会被查出来
phrase查询需要使用"",里面的关系是and,表示查出来的文档都拥有里面的词,并且按照词组的顺序排列
#分组查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
#使用引号,Phrase查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"Beautiful Mind"
{
"profile":"true"
}
Bool条件
在term查询中添加指定bool条件
-
使用大写AND/OR/NOT
-
&&/||/!
#分组,Bool查询默认是or的关系
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
#布尔操作符
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful AND Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(Beautiful NOT Mind)
{
"profile":"true"
}
must条件
在term查询中可添加must和must_not条件
- +表示must
- -表述must_not
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(+Beautiful -Mind)
范围查询
- []闭区间
- {}开区间
#范围查询 ,区间写法
GET /movies/_search?q=title:beautiful AND year:[2002 TO 2018]
通配符查询
- ?代表一个字符,*代表0或多个
GET /movies/_search?q=title:(beautifu? AND y*)
正则表达式
GET /movies/_search?q=title:[bt]oy
模糊匹配与近似查询
GET /movies/_search?q=title:befutifl~1
GET /movies/_search?q=title:"lord rings"~2
二、RequestBody&DSL
DSL:Query Domain Search Language
ignore_unavailable
ignore_unavailable=true,可以忽略尝试访问不存在的索引“404_idx”导致的报错
GET /movies,404_idx/_search?ignore_unavailable=true
{
"profile": true,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
profile
返回结果中添加此次查询分词等细节
GET /movies,404_idx/_search?ignore_unavailable=true
{
"profile": true,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
explain
返回每个文档结果中添加此次查询算分的细节
GET /movies,404_idx/_search?ignore_unavailable=true
{
"explain": true,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
query
查询条件
GET /movies,404_idx/_search?ignore_unavailable=true
{
"profile": true,
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
from、size
分页,from:偏移量,size:每页大小
GET /kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
"from":10,
"size":20,
"query":{
"match_all": {}
}
}
sort
#对日期排序
GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
"sort":[{"order_date":"desc"}],
"query":{
"match_all": {}
}
}
_source
用来过滤返回结果中需要显示的字段
GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
"_source":["order_date"],
"query":{
"match_all": {}
}
}
script_fields
脚本字段,用来生产一个新的返回字段,生成规则写在script中
#脚本字段
GET kibana_sample_data_ecommerce/_search
{
"script_fields": {
"new_field": {
"script": {
"lang": "painless",
"source": "doc['order_date'].value+'hello'"
}
}
},
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
match
匹配查询,如果此字段设置了分词,会分词查询
GET movies/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"title": "last christmas"
}
}
}
#operator可以修饰查询的条件
GET movies/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"title": {
"query": "last christmas",
"operator": "and"
}
}
}
}
match_phrase
短语查询,不会分词查询
GET movies/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"title":{
"query": "one love"
}
}
}
}
#slop参数可以设置查询短语的顺序,1代表单词移动一位还能和所查的短语匹配就命中
#one two love会被查出来
GET movies/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"title":{
"query": "one love",
"slop": 1
}
}
}
}
term
查询的字段不论是text还是keyword,不会将输入的文本进行分词处理
但是目标字段可能会被分词,所以会导致查不到想要的结果,此时建议用keyword类型的字段查询
#title的内容是"last christmas"
#如果title是text,那么会查不到
#如果title是keyword,会查到
GET movies/_search
{
"query": {
"trem": {
"title": "last christmas"
}
}
}
terms
查询字段内包含多个关键词的文档
GET movies/_search
{
"query": {
"trems": {
"title": ["last", "christmas"]
}
}
}
multi_match
一个字符串,在多个字段中查询
GET blogs/_search
{
"query": {
"multi_match": {
"type": "best_fields",
"query": "Quick pets",
"fields": ["title","body"],
"tie_breaker": 0.2,
"minimum_should_match": "20%"
}
}
}
GET books/_search
{
"multi_match": {
"query": "Quick brown fox",
"fields": "*_title"
}
}
GET books/_search
{
"multi_match": {
"query": "Quick brown fox",
"fields": [ "*_title", "chapter_title^2" ]
}
}
query String
实现多字符串,多字段查询
GET users/_search
{
"query": {
"query_string": {
"default_field": "name",
"query": "Ruan AND Yiming"
}
}
}
GET users/_search
{
"query": {
"query_string": {
"fields":["name","about"],
"query": "(Ruan AND Yiming) OR (Java AND Elasticsearch)"
}
}
}
Simple query String
- 类似Query String,但是会忽略错误的语法,同时只支持部分查询语法
- 不支持 AND OR NOT 会当作字符串处理
- Term之间默认的关系是OR,可以指定default_operate
- 支持部分逻辑
- +替代AND
- |替代OR
- -替代NOT
GET /movies/_search
{
"profile":true,
"query":{
"simple_query_string":{
"query":"Beautiful +mind",
"fields":["title"],
"default_operator": "AND"
}
}
}
GET /movies/_search
{
"profile":true,
"query":{
"simple_query_string":{
"query":"Beautiful +mind",
"fields":["title"]
}
}
}
bool 查询
它是一种嵌套结构,里面可以嵌套上述各种查询逻辑,它本身包含三种逻辑结构。must、should、must_not
GET index /_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"match": {
"title": "Search"
}
},
{
"match": {
"content": "Elasticsearch"
}
}
],
"should": [
{
"term": {
"status": "published"
}
},
{
"range": {
"publish_date": {
"gte": "2015-01-01"
}
}
}
],
"must_not": [
{
"exists": {
"field":"value"
}
}
]
}
}
}
filter
给查询添加过滤条件,过滤结构化数据
- 好处是可以把查询结果添加到缓存中
- 还有一个作用是过滤的结果不会算分
GET index /_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{ "match": { "title": "Search" }},
{ "match": { "content": "Elasticsearch" }}
],
"filter": [
{ "term": { "status": "published" }},
{ "range": { "publish_date": { "gte": "2015-01-01" }}}
]
}
}
}