第一个 Spring 程序

3. HelloSpring

3.1 Hello

  • 防止每次 reimport 都回到1.5,在pom.xml中加上java版本号

    <build>
        <finalName>income</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    
  • 官网beans格式

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <!--bean可配置多个-->
        <bean id="..." class="...">  
            <!-- collaborators and configuration for this bean go here -->
        </bean>
    
        <!-- more bean definitions go here -->
    </beans>
    
  • Hello程序

    Hello类

    package com.peng.pojo;
    
    public class Hello {
    
        private String str;
    
        public String getStr() {
            return str;
        }
    
        public void setStr(String str) {
            this.str = str;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Hello{" + "str='" + str + "\'" + "}";
        }
    }
    

    beans.xml 容器,用户在此修改配置,无需程序员修改源码

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <!--使用Spring来创建对象,在Spring这些都被称为bean
        类型 变量名 = new 类名();
        Hello hello = new Hello();
        id = 变量名
        class = new的对象
        property 给对象中的属性设置一个值
        -->
        <bean id="hello" class="com.peng.pojo.Hello">
            <property name="str" value="Spring"></property>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    

    MyTest.java 测试类

    import com.peng.pojo.Hello;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class MyTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //获取Spring的上下文对象
            ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
            //我们的对象现在都在Spring中管理,我们要使用,直接去里面取出来就可以!
            Hello hello = (Hello) context.getBean("hello");
            System.out.println(hello.toString());
        }
    }
    

3.2 上一节代码修改

  • beans.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <bean id="mysqlImpl" class="com.peng.dao.UserDaoMysqlImpl"></bean>
        <bean id="oracleImpl" class="com.peng.dao.UserDaoOracleImpl"></bean>
    
        <bean id="UserServiceImpl" class="com.peng.service.UserServiceImpl">
            <!--
            ref:引用Spring容器中创建好的对象
            value:具体的值,基本数据类型
            -->
            <property name="userDao" ref="mysqlImpl"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    
  • 测试类

    用容器操作,从此不用再new!

    import com.peng.service.UserServiceImpl;
    import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
    
    public class MyTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //获取ApplicationContext,拿到Spring的容器,官网固定用法
            ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    
            //需要什么get什么
            UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean("UserServiceImpl");
    
            userServiceImpl.getUser();
        }
    }
    

3.3 总结

IOC的理解:原来的对象都是由程序员new出来的,现在我们提供了spring容器,它可以创建出一个对象,并配置这个对象的属性。spring容器的配置文件xml是方便修改的,原来的程序只需被动接受spring提供的对象。一句话说:对象由Spring来创建,管理,装配!

posted @ 2020-07-10 13:49  鹏懿如斯  阅读(355)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报