1.英文学习一
7大体系:
时态+被动语态+情态动词+虚拟语气+陈述句+从句+非谓语动词
8大充节
连词,冠词,代词,使动词,使役动词,系动词,独立主格,倒装句
任何一句话都有时态:4*4的排列组合,16种组合
中文流程:
一、疑问词+时表词+主语+句剩+动词
疑问词:who可以作主语,可以作宾语(whom只能作宾语) what whose which when where why how
主语:动作的发起者(我打你) 我就是主语,你就是宾语
宾语:动作的承受者
时表词:基本上可以表示出时态,每一个时态的第一个词是时表词,最后一个词是动词,以下绿色的使每种时态的时表词。
时表词 | 主语 | 时表词 | |
be | am | 我 | do |
are | 你,你们,我们,他们 | ||
is | 他,她,它(第三人称单数) | dose |
一般现在时 do/dose
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 be going to do
一般过去将来时 be doing
在一般将来时和一般过去将来时,be要换成 am are is,根据主语来判断用哪个。
句剩:每个时态除了第一个词和最后一个词,剩下的就是句剩,只有一般将来时有。比如上面的 going to
造句:
- 你去哪了?
- 这是疑问句?见到你以后问你去哪里了。所以是过去发生的事情,用一般过去时用did。主语是你,疑问词是where。
- Where did you go?
- Why did you go there?
- How did you go there?
- By whose car did you go?
- With whom did you go? Who did you go with together?
- 你平常都什么时候回来?
- 平常表示的是习惯,也就是一般现在时,时表词用do或者dose,主语是你,用do,什么时候用when。usually表示的是某个动作爱好,不加usually表示的是纯粗的一个习惯
- When do you come back? (sleep,eat lunch,get up)
- 我们什么时候吃饭?
- 还没吃呢,一会会吃,是一般将来时,用be going to do。
- When are we going to eat?
- What are we going to eat?
- Where are we going to eat?
- With whom are we going to eat?
- 你在吃什么?
- 正在进行的动作,现在进行时用be going,时表词用be ,主语是你,换成are,动作加ing
- What are you eating?
- What are you playing?
- What are you doing?(look at看, look for找, wait for等,)
- 你怎么跟他说的?
- 已经说完了,一般过去时,用did ,主语是你,谓语是他,因为是宾格形式,用him
- How did you tell him?
- 你打算怎么告诉他说?
- How are you going to tell him?
- 你平时都怎么和他说?
- How do you tell him?
- 我们等会去哪间办公室签合同?
- 还没签呢,一般将来时
- Which office are we going to sign the contract later in?
二、举一反三,词组的来源
he went abroad
go是一个不及物动词,所以,abroad是一个副词,在国外,往国外,向国外,所以go abroad翻译成出国的意思。
(1).举一反三:
fly abroad 飞到国外
die abroad 死在国外
pass away abroad
he is going to drive abroad
he is learning abroad 在国外学习,而不是留学
he is studying cooking abroad 在国外学习烹饪
he saw him abroad/on the street
he is lost abroad
he was killed abroad/at your home
he is working abroad
he is abroad
(2)
往里(往外)+(走/跑/挪/看/睡/爬/靠/流)
in/out/back
go out
come in/back
be good at/in at和in本身就表示在某一方面,都可以的。
he is good at English.
he is good 是一个主系表的短语,at English是一个介词短语
at是在某方面
所以就是他在英语方面很棒,可以换成更多的形容词,比如nice,great,wonderful,坏的bad,terrible,weak(弱)
主谓结构
he performs pretty
he does well in /at English.
he is extremely excellent in making friends.
词组:
- 动词+副词
-
he went away (go away)
way是离开某地,go是走,就是走开。run away跑走,fly away飞走,
he came back (come back )
back是向后,往后,come是来,所以就是 回来。
-
- 动词+介词
- he waited for me(wait for sb) wait是不及物动词,后面跟介词,for表示原因,为了某人在等,如果不是我他早走了。
- wait at home,
- wait in beijing
- wait with mom
- we talked about you (talk about sth) about是关于,talk是说,我们谈论过你
- he waited for me(wait for sb) wait是不及物动词,后面跟介词,for表示原因,为了某人在等,如果不是我他早走了。
- 系表+介短
- he is good at English.
- 动词+副词+介短
- he does well in English
- come here at(具体某个时间点,7点,8点)/in(某个时间,1992年,夏天)/on(具体某一天)/with(方式,和谁一起来的)
- come out/in/to/up at
- go/run/fly/sleep/study/die here at
who和whom的区别:
who可以作主语,可以作宾语(whom只能作宾语)
你在等谁? 主语是你,宾语是谁
Whom/Who are you waiting for?
谁在等你? 主语是谁,宾语是你
Who is waiting for you?
但是有一种情况只能用whom,就是介词放前面的时候,起强调作用。
For whom are you waiting?
你告诉谁了? 主语是你,宾语是谁
Whom/Who did you tell?
谁告诉你的? 主语是谁,宾语是你
Who told you?
你跟谁去的?
who/whom did you go with?
with whom did you go?