Spring基本概念

Spring框架

  1. Spring框架的作用
  2. Spring 的核心(IOC功能)
  3. SpringAOP功能

请求—>servlet-àservice---->多个dao—jsp

Spring一般将【servlet-àservice---->多个dao—>jsp】交给IOC和AOP管理

(管理组件对象,维护对象关系,降低组件耦合度)

Spring Web MVC功能:MVC设计 目的:架构一个MVC结构的web程序

注意:(2和3可选择)

  1. Spring整合其他技术,例如JDBC,Hibernate,struts,Mybatis等
  2. Spring—>整合API---->调用原有技术API()

 SpringIOC应用

  IOC概念:Inversion of Control控制反转或反向控制

       控制反转:改变对象的获取方式。之前编码方式采用new构造器方式获取对象;IOC中用由容器创建对象之后注入进来使用。只要修改配置就可以改变对象关系,实现组件间的解耦。(管理创建组件对象,依赖注入信息)

  1)管理对象:创建,初始化,释放资源,销毁

  2)维护对象关系

搭建SpringIOC开发环境

----引入相关jar包

----在src下添加applicationContext.xml

举例:

1)原始方法获得一个对象

 

package test;

import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;

public class TestBean {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calendar c=new GregorianCalendar();
        Calendar c1=Calendar.getInstance();
        System.out.println(c);
        System.out.println(c1);
    }
}

 

 2)SpringIOC的创建对象的方式

 

 具体流程:

SpringIOC容器----->管理组件及对象关系

  1. 创建ApplicationContext对象
  2. 向applicationContext.xml配置<bean>
  3. 利用ApplicationContext对象getBean()

管理对象

 在applicationContext.xml添加相关配置:

(1)创建对象(构造方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
     <!--采用new  GregorianCalendar(),构造方法-->
   <bean id="c1" class="java.util.GregorianCalendar">
   </bean>
</beans>

 

测试:

package test;

import java.util.Calendar;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String conf="applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        Calendar c1=ac.getBean("c1",Calendar.class);
        //使用
        System.out.println(c1);
    }
}

 

(2)创建对象(静态工厂方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
     <!--采用new  GregorianCalendar(),构造方法-->
   <bean id="c1" class="java.util.GregorianCalendar">
   </bean>
    <!--采用Calendar.getInstance(),静态工厂方法-->
   <bean id="c2" class="java.util.Calendar" factory-method="getInstance"></bean>
</beans>

 

 

(3)创建对象(对象工厂方法)---封装了对象的创建细节

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
     <!--采用new  GregorianCalendar(),构造方法-->
   <bean id="c1" class="java.util.GregorianCalendar">
   </bean>
    <!--采用Calendar.getInstance(),静态工厂方法-->
   <bean id="c2" class="java.util.Calendar" factory-method="getInstance"></bean>
     <!--采用c2.getTime(),对象工厂方法-->
   <bean id="date" factory-bean="c2" factory-method="getTime"></bean>
</beans>

 

测试:

package test;

import java.util.Calendar;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String conf="applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
        Calendar c1=ac.getBean("c1",Calendar.class);
        //使用
        System.out.println(c1);
        
        Calendar c2=ac.getBean("c2",Calendar.class);
        System.out.println(c2);
        Date date=ac.getBean("date",Date.class);
        System.out.println("date="+date);
    }
}

 

 

SpringIOC创建Bean对象的控制

  1. 控制对象创建方式(使用范围)

         在bean元素中使用scope属性控制,可以支持singleton或prototype,默认是singleton

                            <bean scope=”singleton”>该组件在Spring 中只有一个bean对象</bean>

                            <bean scope=”prototype”>该组件在Spring 中每次ac.getBean(“id”)都返回一个新的对象</bean>

<bean id="e1" scope="prototype" class="org.web.bean.ExampleBean"></bean>

 

 

  2.指定对象初始化方法

  Java(原始方式使用构造器)

       Spring方式:先在org.tarena.bean.ExampleBean中添加init方法,然后 用<bean>元素的init-method指定初始化方法

<bean id="e1" scope="prototype" 
 init-method="init" class="org.web.bean.ExampleBean"></bean>

 

      3.指定对象销毁方法:destroy-method属性

      利用<bean>元素的destroy-method指定,满足下面条件才有效

      -----1)组件对象为单利模式

      -----2)调用AbstractApplicationContext容器对象的close()方法

<bean id="e1" scope="prototype" 
 init-method="init" destroy-method="mydestory" class="org.web.bean.ExampleBean"></bean>

       4.控制单例对象创建时机

        在默认情况下,单例对象是Spring容器创建时实例化;可以使用<bean>元素的lazy-init=true属性将创建的时机推迟到getBean()方法调用时。

<bean id="e1" scope="prototype" 
 lazy-init="true" init-method="init" destroy-method="mydestory" class="org.web.bean.ExampleBean"></bean>

IOC维护对象关系

 采用注入方式创建对象关系Dependency Injection依赖注入(DI)

  依赖注入:set方法注入构造器注入;

set方法注入

创建copputer类,添加set和get方法

package com.web.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Computer implements Serializable {
   private String cpu;
   private String hdd;
   private String mainbord;
   //显示配置信息
   public void show(){
       System.out.println("cpu"+cpu);
       System.out.println("hdd"+hdd);
       System.out.println("mainbord"+mainbord);
   }
public String getCpu() {
    return cpu;
}
public void setCpu(String cpu) {
    this.cpu = cpu;
}
public String getHdd() {
    return hdd;
}
public void setHdd(String hdd) {
    this.hdd = hdd;
}
public String getMainbord() {
    return mainbord;
}
public void setMainbord(String mainbord) {
    this.mainbord = mainbord;
}
   
}

 

在容器中配置信息(set注入)

<bean id="p1" calss="com.web.entity.Computer">
   <!--信息set注入-->
   <property name="cpu" value="i7"></property>
   <property name="hdd" value="索尼"></property>
   <property name="mainbord" value="华硕"></property>
</bean>

测试:

String conf="applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(conf);
       Computer c=ac.getBean("p1",Computer.class);
        c.show();

 

构造器注入

创建Phone类,添加构造器方法

package com.web.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;
public class Phone implements Serializable {
    private String cpu;
    private String ram;
   //构造器
public Phone(String cpu,String ram){ this.cpu=cpu; this.ram=ram; } public void show(){ System.out.println("手机配置"); } public String getCpu() { return cpu; } public void setCpu(String cpu) { this.cpu = cpu; } public String getRam() { return ram; } public void setRam(String ram) { this.ram = ram; } }

 

在容器中配置信息:构造器注入

<bean id="p2" calss="com.web.entity.Phone">
   <!--构造器注入-->
      <constructor-arg index="0" value="高通"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg index="1" value="2G"></constructor-arg>
</bean>

 

注入对象(set方式)

创建students类,包含computer和Phone

package com.web.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Students implements Serializable {
    private Computer c;
    private Phone p;
    public void show(){
        c.show();
        p.show();
    }
}

 

在容器中配置注入对象

<bean id="p1" calss="com.web.entity.Computer">
   <!--set注入computer-->
   <property name="c" ref="p1"></property>
   <property name="p" ref="p2"></property>
</bean>

 

posted on 2017-08-23 09:54  左夕  阅读(171)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报

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