with复合结构小结

摘自：http://blog.hjenglish.com/hsiangshun/archive/2008/12/18/1247109.html

不少学生对句中with结构的用法不甚清楚，现总结如下。

with结构也称为with复合结构，是由with+复合宾语组成，常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形：

1、with + 名词 (或代词) + 现在分词

此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:

With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语）

With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情况）

2、with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词

此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:

I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。（伴随情况）

She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。（原因状语）

3、with + 名词 (或代词) + 形容词

I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。（伴随情况）

With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently. 大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。（原因状语）

4、with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语

With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。（原因状语）

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。（行为方式）

5、with + 名词 (或代词) + 副词

He fell asleep with the light on. 他睡着了，灯还亮着。（伴随情况）

The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿。（伴随情况）

6 、with + 名词 (或代词) + 动词不定式

此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。例如:

With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。（原因状语）

With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。（原因状语）

请见下面的高考试题中出现的几个相关句子：

1 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. [ NMET91-22]

2 And thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. [NMET94]

3 With nothing to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. [NMET95-阅读D]

4 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. [NMET2000]