如何部署djiango项目

1.安装python3.9.9

  下载 Python 源码
 
去官方网站下载：
 
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.9/Python-3.9.9.tgz
 
官网的下载速度实在感人，换成阿里的镜像：
 
wget https://cdn.npm.taobao.org/dist/python/3.9.9/Python-3.9.9.tgz
第3步：解压
 
tar -xzf Python-3.9.9.tgz
第4步：配置安装选项
./configure
第5步：编译、安装
 
    make
    make install
第6步：设置软连接
lwf@lianan:~$ which python3.9
/usr/local/bin/python3.9
lwf@lianan:~$ ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.9 python3.9
 

2 2、安装Django4.2.1

使用以下命令：
 
    sudo apt-get update
    pip3 install django==4.2.1 -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/
验证是否安装成功：
 
    python3
    import django
    django.get_version()

安装nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx

安装uwsgi

pip3 install uwsgi -i https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple/(如果此命令装不成功，使用以下命令）
sudo apt-get install uwsgi

6、配置项目

1通过传输工具将项目传到/home/wwwroot/下
在上传之前需要，先创建wwwroot目录并设置755权限

2.配置nginx

    cd /etc/nginx/sites-available
    vim default
 找到default文件下的这段代码，如果没有就要添加上去：
          server_name 111.*.*.124;   ##改成你的公网ip
 
        location / {
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                #try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
                include uwsgi_params;
                uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000;   #和uwsgi中端口配置保持一致
        }
 
        location /static {
                alias /home/www/***/static;          #项目的static目录
        }
        location /media {
                alias /home/www/**;     
        }
  static 那里也要替换成你自己Django项目的static路径；
 
                media 同理换成你自己Django项目的media路径，这是媒体文件的文件夹；
 
                注意：location后面是有空格的，必须要有！alias后面也是有空格的；include上面那句话也是要注释掉的！
 
                修改完成后保存退出，然后重启nginx服务器
 
sudo service nginx restart
                后面踩一个坑，这边先记录一下。就是静态文件无法访问，浏览器检查源代码直接访问css文件，出现403错误！直接把static目录设置777权限还是不行，折腾了半天之后才发现是用户许可问题。
 
                修改nginx配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ，user www 改成user root 或者你的用户名

3)、配置uwsgi

                在你的django项目的根目录下，也就是有manage.py文件的目录下，新建一个uwsgi.ini文件和一个run.log文件
 
                然后我们使用vim编辑器编辑uwsgi.ini文件，输入以下代码：
 
[uwsgi]
chdir = /home/wwwroot/xcx
wsgi-file = xcx/wsgi.py
module = xcx_back.wsgi:application
socket = 127.0.0.1:8000
master = true
pidfile = uwsgi.pid
daemonize = /home/wwwroot/xcx/run.log
disable-logging = true
~                       
                chdir 是你的django项目的根目录，替换成你自己的路径；
 
                moudule 是你的入口wsgi模块，替换成你自己的项目名称；
 
                socket 是通信端口设置，这个设置不用改，复制即可；
 
                master = true 表示以主进程模式运行，不用改，复制即可；
 
                daemonize 是你的日志文件目录，这个路径就是刚刚新建的run.log文件的路径；
 
                disable-logging = true 表示不记录正常信息，只记录错误信息，否则你的日志可能很快就爆满了！

问题： 在启动nginx会报如下错误

Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

解决方案：

1.查看防火墙启动的端口号

  [root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
  80/tcp 3306/tcp

2、重启防火墙

  [root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
  success

3.重启nginx，出现如下错误

Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

4、查看nginx服务

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ ~]# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sun 2023-02-05 11:02:23 CST; 36s ago
  Process: 1416 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 1414 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP an...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ nginx[1416]: nginx: the configuration ...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ nginx[1416]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to ...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ nginx[1416]: nginx: configuration file...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: nginx.service: control pro...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: Failed to start The nginx ...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered...
Feb 05 11:02:23 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: nginx.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

可以看出修改完配置信息后没有提交：

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:80 failed (99: Cannot assign requested a ddress)

结果发现80端口被占用

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# netstat -natp |grep 80
tcp        0      0 172.16.85.16:43064      100.100.30.26:80        ESTABLISHED 1189/AliYunDun

将80端口杀死：

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# kill 1189
[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# netstat -natp |grep 80
tcp        0      0 172.16.85.16:43064      100.100.30.26:80        TIME_WAIT   -
 

5.测试nginx服务

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

测试成功

重新加载配置文件：

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# nginx -s reload
nginx: [error] invalid PID number "" in "/run/nginx.pid"

出现错误

重启：

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:8000 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:8000 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:8000 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:8000 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 139.196.234.86:8000 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

发现报了如此对的错误信息

此时将nginx的所有进程都杀死：

killall nginx

重新启动nginx，就可以正常运行了

[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# service nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl):                            [  OK  ]
[root@iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ tmp]# systemctl status nginx.service
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2023-02-05 11:20:16 CST; 40s ago
  Process: 1763 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1760 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 1756 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1764 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─1764 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
           ├─1765 nginx: worker process
           └─1766 nginx: worker process
 
Feb 05 11:20:16 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Feb 05 11:20:16 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ nginx[1760]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Feb 05 11:20:16 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ nginx[1760]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is s...sful
Feb 05 11:20:16 iZuf68mr29sh8zy1elsaixZ systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.