Python与Go列表切片越界的对比

需求

很简单的知识点,做一下小结。

最近写代码需要做一下切片的操作,比如给定这样一个切片:

lst1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]

将这个切片里面的元素按照每4个为一组,每一组组成单独的切片,然后再组合到外层的切片中,结果像这样:

[[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12], [13]]

python的写法

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

lst1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
lst2 = ["w","wg","wa","jj","aa","ff","gg","hh","asd","ww","ee","gg","nn","mm"]

print(len(lst1)) # 13
print(len(lst2)) # 14

### 超限切片
ret_lst1 = list()
ret_lst2 = list()

# 根据lst1构建新的列表
for i in range(0,len(lst1),4):
    curr_lst = lst1[i:i+4]
    ret_lst1.append(curr_lst)

# 根据lst2构建新的列表
for i in range(0,len(lst2),4):
    curr_lst = lst2[i:i+4]
    ret_lst2.append(curr_lst)

### 注意结果最后一个列表不足的话不会报错
print(ret_lst1) # [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12], [13]]
print(ret_lst2) # [['w', 'wg', 'wa', 'jj'], ['aa', 'ff', 'gg', 'hh'], ['asd', 'ww', 'ee', 'gg'], ['nn', 'mm']]

Go的写法1 -- 保证不越界的写法

错误的写法

package t9

import (
    "fmt"
    "testing"
)


func TestOutRange(t *testing.T) {
    lst1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}
    lst2 := []string{"w", "wg", "wa", "jj", "aa", "ff", "gg", "hh", "asd", "ww", "ee", "gg", "nn", "mm"}

    fmt.Println(len(lst1)) // 13
    fmt.Println(len(lst2)) // 14

    // 结果
    var retLst1 [][]int
    var retLst2 [][]string

    // 超限切片
    for i := 0; i < len(lst1); i += 4 {
        currLst := lst1[i : i+4]
        retLst1 = append(retLst1, currLst)
    }

    for i := 0; i < len(lst2); i += 4 {
        currLst := lst2[i : i+4]
        retLst2 = append(retLst2, currLst)
    }

}

这样写会上报一个错误:

--- FAIL: TestOutRange (0.00s)
panic: runtime error: slice bounds out of range [:16] with capacity 13 [recovered]
    panic: runtime error: slice bounds out of range [:16] with capacity 13

错误的原因是,我们每次获取currLst的时候,是按照 lst[i i+4] 这样直接切片的,但是,如果i+4大于列表lst的长度的话,会上报越界错误!

正确的写法 ***

既然i+4可能会超出lst的长度越界,那我们在切片的时候判断一下二者的大小即可:

package t9

import (
    "fmt"
    "testing"
)

// 返回两个int最小的那个
func minInt(a, b int) int {
    if a < b {
        return a
    }
    return b
}

func TestOutRange(t *testing.T) {
    lst1 := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}
    lst2 := []string{"w", "wg", "wa", "jj", "aa", "ff", "gg", "hh", "asd", "ww", "ee", "gg", "nn", "mm"}

    fmt.Println(len(lst1)) // 13
    fmt.Println(len(lst2)) // 14

    // 结果
    var retLst1 [][]int
    var retLst2 [][]string

    // 切片
    for i := 0; i < len(lst1); i += 4 {
        // 保证不越界
        currLst := lst1[i:minInt(i+4, len(lst1))]
        retLst1 = append(retLst1, currLst)
    }

    for i := 0; i < len(lst2); i += 4 {
        // 保证不越界
        currLst := lst2[i:minInt(i+4, len(lst2))]
        retLst2 = append(retLst2, currLst)
    }

    // 注意结果有填充的默认值
    fmt.Println(retLst1) // [[1 2 3 4] [5 6 7 8] [9 10 11 12] [13]]
    fmt.Println(retLst2) // [[w wg wa jj] [aa ff gg hh] [asd ww ee gg] [nn mm]]
}

Go的写法2 -- 越界不超过容量也行,但是要注意“零值”的坑

// 错误的写法
func TestZ112(t *testing.T) {

    type student struct {
        sid  int
        name string
    }

    lst := make([]*student, 0)
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        currStu := student{
            sid:  i,
            name: fmt.Sprintf("whw-%v", i),
        }
        lst = append(lst, &currStu)
    }
    fmt.Println("lst 长度:", len(lst), "容量:", cap(lst)) // lst 长度: 5, 容量: 8

    curr := lst[0:7]
    fmt.Println("curr >>> ", len(curr), cap(curr), curr)
    // Notice 从上面的结果来看lst的容量是8,所以我们切片长度不超过8就没问题
    // Notice 但是实际上lst中只有5个有效的数据,使用 [0:7] 切片的话会多出2个数据,这2个数据golang会给我们补充成 "零值"!
    // 7 8 [0x1400000c750 0x1400000c768 0x1400000c780 0x1400000c798 0x1400000c7b0 <nil> <nil>]

   // Notice 这样就很危险了!如果零值是 nil 的话,下面获取属性的操作就会报panic了!!!
    for _, item := range curr {
        fmt.Println(">>> ", item.sid, item.name)
    }

}

// 正确的写法
func TestZ1232(t *testing.T) {

    type student struct {
        sid  int
        name string
    }

    lst := make([]*student, 0)
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        currStu := student{
            sid:  i,
            name: fmt.Sprintf("whw-%v", i),
        }
        lst = append(lst, &currStu)
    }
    fmt.Println("lst 长度:", len(lst), "容量:", cap(lst)) // lst 长度: 5, 容量: 8

    curr := lst[0:len(lst)]
    fmt.Println("curr >>> ", len(curr), cap(curr), curr)
    
    for _, item := range curr {
        fmt.Println(">>> ", item.sid, item.name)
    }

}

func GetMinInt(min, max int) int {
    if min <= max {
        return min
    }
    return max
} 

~~~

 

posted on 2020-12-29 12:05  江湖乄夜雨  阅读(412)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报