Ansible_处理失败的任务【转】

一、Ansible处理任务失败

1、管理play中任务错误

1️⃣:Ansible评估任务的返回代码,从而确定任务是成功还是失败

2️⃣:通常而言,当任务失败时,Ansible将立即在该主机上中止play的其余部分并且跳过所有后续任务,但有些时候,可能希望即使在任务失败时也继续执行play

2、忽略任务失败

1️⃣:默认情况下,任务失败时play会中止。不过,可以通过忽略失败的任务来覆盖此行为。可以在任务中使用ignore_errors关键字来实现此目的

  • 演示实例:
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: install httpd
          yum:
            name: packages      //没有这个包
            state: present
          ignore_errors: yes     //可选{yes、no}
     
        - name: shoe some massage
          debug:
            msg: "hello word"
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [install httpd] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python""/usr/libexec/platform-python"}, "changed"false"failures": ["No package packages available."], "msg""Failed to install some of the specified packages""rc": 1, "results": []}
    ...ignoring         //已经忽略这个任务出错
     
    TASK [shoe some massage] **************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com] => {
        "msg""hello word"
    }
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=1     

3、任务失败也强制执行处理程序(handlers)

1️⃣:在play中设置force_handlers: yes关键字,则即使play因为后续任务失败而中止也会调用被通知的处理程序(force:促使,推动)

  • 演示实例:
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      force_handlers: yes     //可选{yes、no}
      tasks:
        - name: install httpd
          shell: ls        //这条命令一定会执行成功,从而保证handlers处理程序一定会被触发
          notify:
            - massage
     
        - name: install  httpd
          yum:
            name: packages       //没有这个包,肯定会出错
            state: present
     
      handlers:
        - name: massage
          debug:
            msg: "hello word"
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [install httpd] ******************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [install  httpd] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"changed"false"failures": ["No package packages available."], "msg""Failed to install some of the specified packages""rc": 1, "results": []}
     
    RUNNING HANDLER [massage] *************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com] => {
        "msg""hello word"
    }
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

2️⃣:处理程序会在任务报告changed结果时获得通知,而在任务报告okfailed结果时不会获得通知

4、指定任务失败的条件

1️⃣:在任务中使用failed_when关键字来指定表示任务已失败的条件;通常与命令模块搭配使用,这些模块可能成功执行了某一命令,但命令的输出可能指示了失败

  • 演示实例一:使用failed_when关键字
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    //查看使用的脚本
    [root@localhost project]# cat files/test.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    cat /root       //这句肯定会出错
    echo "hello word"
     //注意:在playbook中执行脚本会以最后一个命令作为错误判断标准,中间错误命令不会影响整体的出错,同样也不会因为中间出错而报错
     
     //查看playbook,执行一次看是否成功
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: test
          script:
            files/test.sh
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
        ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [test] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  
     //这样无法判断是否都执行成功
     
     //添加任务失败判断语句
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: test
          script:
            files/test.sh
          register: result
          failed_when: "'Is a directory' in result['stdout']"
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [test] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"changed"true"failed_when_result"true"rc": 0, "stderr""Shared connection to client.example.com closed.\r\n""stderr_lines": ["Shared connection to client.example.com closed."], "stdout""cat: /root: Is a directory\r\nhello word\r\n""stdout_lines": ["cat: /root: Is a directory""hello word"]}
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

2️⃣:fail模块也可用于强制任务失败(主要是将杂乱的提示信息通过自己设置提示方式,达到简单、明了的目的)

  • 演示实例二:
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: test
          script:
            files/test.sh
          register: result
     
        - fail:
            msg: "There have a failed"
          when: "'Is a directory' in result['stdout']"
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [test] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [fail] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"changed"false"msg""There have a failed"}
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

5、指定何时任务报告“changed”结果

1️⃣:当任务对托管主机进行了更改时,会报告 changed 状态并通知处理程序;如果任务不需要进行更改,则会报告ok并且不通知处理程序

2️⃣:使用changed_when关键字可用于控制任务在何时报告它已进行了更改

  • 演示实例一:
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: test
          shell: echo "hello word"
     
     //执行后发现,每次都是changed
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [test] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 
     
     //添加changed_when关键字,以便报告OK
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: test
          shell: echo "hello word"
          changed_when: false      //可选{truefalse
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [test] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0    

3️⃣:根据通过已注册变量收集的模块的输出来报告changed

  • 演示实例二:
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      tasks:
        - name: test
          commandecho "hello word"
          register: result
          changed_when: "'hello word' in result['stdout']"
     
      //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [test] ***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  
      //因为在result['stdout']中有hello word ,所以被认定为是true,所以就显示changed

6、Ansible块和错误处理

1️⃣:在playbook中,块是对任务进行逻辑分组的子句,可用于控制任务的执行方式

2️⃣:通过块,也可结合rescuealways语句来处理错误。如果块中的任何任务失败,则执行其rescue块中的任务来进行恢复

3️⃣:在block子句中的任务以及rescue子句中的任务(如果出现故障)运行之后,always子句中的任务运行

4️⃣:总结:

  • block:定义要运行的主要任务
  • rescue:定义要在block子句中定义的任务失败时运行的任务
  • always:定义始终都独立运行的任务,不论blockrescue子句中定义的任务是成功还是失败

5️⃣:演示: 

  • 演示实例一:当只有block和rescue,且block语句执行成功时,只执行block语句而不执行rescue语句(rescue:营救、救援)
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: test
          block:
            - name: block
              shell: echo "hello word"
     
          rescue:
            - name: rescue
              shell: ls /root
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check playbook.yaml
     
    playbook: playbook.yaml
    [root@localhost project]# an
    anacron             ansible-config      ansible-console     ansible-galaxy      ansible-playbook    ansible-test       
    ansible             ansible-connection  ansible-doc         ansible-inventory   ansible-pull        ansible-vault      
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [block] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  
     //可以发现,只执行了block语句,并没有执行rescue语句

 

  • 演示实例二:当只有block和rescue,且block语句执行失败时,不执行block语句而执行rescue语句
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: test
          block:
            - name: block
              commandcat /        //这句肯定会失败
     
          rescue:
            - name: rescue
              shell: ls /root
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [block] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python""/usr/libexec/platform-python"}, "changed"true"cmd": ["cat""/"], "delta""0:00:00.005350""end""2020-09-08 10:59:18.381699""msg""non-zero return code""rc": 1, "start""2020-09-08 10:59:18.376349""stderr""cat: /: Is a directory""stderr_lines": ["cat: /: Is a directory"], "stdout""""stdout_lines": []}
     
    TASK [rescue] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=1    ignored=0  
     //可以看出,block语句执行失败而执行了rescue语句

 

  • 演示实例三:当block语句、rescue语句和always语句都有时,无论block语句是否失败,always语句总是执行
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: test
          block:
            - name: block
              commandcat /
     
          rescue:
            - name: rescue
              shell: ls /root
               
          always:
            - name: always
              debug:
                msg: "This is my test"
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [block] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python""/usr/libexec/platform-python"}, "changed"true"cmd": ["cat""/"], "delta""0:00:00.008993""end""2020-09-08 11:05:47.816489""msg""non-zero return code""rc": 1, "start""2020-09-08 11:05:47.807496""stderr""cat: /: Is a directory""stderr_lines": ["cat: /: Is a directory"], "stdout""""stdout_lines": []}
     
    TASK [rescue] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [always] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com] => {
        "msg""This is my test"
    }
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=1    ignored=0

6️⃣:block中的when条件也会应用到其rescuealways子句(若存在)

  • 演示实例一:
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    //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: test
          block:
            - name: block
              commandecho "hello word"         //该语句没有错误
              when: ansible_facts['distribution'] == "CentOS"      //条件判断出错会导致block语句不会执行
     
          rescue:
            - name: rescue
              shell: ls /root
               
          always:
            - name: always
              debug:
                msg: "This is my test"
     
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml
     
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
     
    TASK [block] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"msg""The conditional check 'ansible_facts['distribution'] == \"CentOS\"' failed. The error was: error while evaluating conditional (ansible_facts['distribution'] == \"CentOS\"): 'dict object' has no attribute 'distribution'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/project/playbook.yaml': line 7, column 11, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n      block:\n        - name: block\n          ^ here\n"}
     
    TASK [rescue] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
     
    TASK [always] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com] => {
        "msg""This is my test"
    }
     
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=1    ignored=0    

 

  • 演示实例二:
    复制代码
     //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml 
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: test 
          block:
            - name: block
              command: echo "hello word"
              when: ansible_facts['distribution'] == "CentOS"
    
          rescue:
            - name: rescue
              shell: ls /root
              when: ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "7"    //这句when语句会执行失败,导致rescue语句不会执行
              
          always:
            - name: always
              debug:
                msg: "This is my test"
    
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml 
    
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    
    TASK [block] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The conditional check 'ansible_facts['distribution'] == \"CentOS\"' failed. The error was: error while evaluating conditional (ansible_facts['distribution'] == \"CentOS\"): 'dict object' has no attribute 'distribution'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/project/playbook.yaml': line 7, column 11, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n      block:\n        - name: block\n          ^ here\n"}
    
    TASK [rescue] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The conditional check 'ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == \"7\"' failed. The error was: error while evaluating conditional (ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == \"7\"): 'dict object' has no attribute 'distribution_major_version'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/project/playbook.yaml': line 12, column 11, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n      rescue:\n        - name: rescue\n          ^ here\n"}
    
    TASK [always] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    ok: [client.example.com] => {
        "msg": "This is my test"
    }
    
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=1    ignored=0   
     //可以看出,block语句和rescue语句都没执行
    复制代码

     

 

  • 演示实例三:
    复制代码
     //查看playbook
    [root@localhost project]# cat playbook.yaml 
    ---
    - hosts: all
      gather_facts: no
      tasks:
        - name: test 
          block:
            - name: block
              command: echo "hello word"
    
          rescue:
            - name: rescue
              shell: ls /root
              
          always:
            - name: always
              debug:
                msg: "This is my test"
              when: ansible_facts['distribution_version'] == "8"   //when条件储出错没回导致always语句执行失败
    
     //执行play
    [root@localhost project]# ansible-playbook playbook.yaml 
    
    PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    
    TASK [block] **************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    changed: [client.example.com]
    
    TASK [always] *************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    fatal: [client.example.com]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The conditional check 'ansible_facts['distribution_version'] == \"8\"' failed. The error was: error while evaluating conditional (ansible_facts['distribution_version'] == \"8\"): 'dict object' has no attribute 'distribution_version'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/root/project/playbook.yaml': line 15, column 11, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n      always:\n        - name: always\n          ^ here\n"}
    
    PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
    client.example.com         : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=1    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0 
    复制代码

     

  • 注意:block执行会成功的话,如果用when条件判断,即使判断条件会成功,但block语句任然会失败,而去执行rescue语句

转自

Ansible_处理失败的任务 - 珍朱奶茶 - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/itwangqiang/p/13629677.html

posted @ 2023-01-04 13:33  paul_hch  阅读(439)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报