求平方根 二分查找
https://leetcode.cn/problems/sqrtx/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-calculate-a-square-root/
1,3,5,7,...,(2n-1)
=n^2
[
x^2=n
n/2
x!=n/2
x^2=n
(n/2)^2=n*n/4
当0<n<4时,x>n/2
当n=4时,x=n/2
当n>4时,x<n/2
]
Repeated Subtraction Method of Square Roots
等差数列,通过减法求平方根。
m^2=n
完全平方数 perfect square number
n>4
for i:=1;;i++{
j:=2*i-1
n=n-j
if n==0{
break
}
}