Nginx配置SSL证书：轻松实现网站的HTTPS加密！
成功配置
SSL证书后，您将能够通过HTTPS加密通道安全访问Nginx服务器。
一、准备材料
SSL证书绑定的域名已完成DNS解析，即您的域名与主机IP地址相互映射。您可以通过DNS验证证书工具，检测域名DNS解析是否生效。具体操作：
【1】登录数字证书管理服务控制台。
【2】在左侧导航栏，选择证书工具 > DNS验证。
【3】在DNS页签，选择您域名所在的运营商和地域，并输入您的网站域名，单击立即检测。DNS检测结果列表中的解析结果与您在解析配置中的记录值一致时，代表解析正常生效。
已通过数字证书管理服务控制台签发证书。
已在Web服务器开放443端口（HTTPS通信的标准端口）： 如果您使用的是阿里云ECS服务器，请确保已经在安全组规则入方向添加TCP 443端口和TCP 80端口。
二、下载SSL证书
【1】登录数字证书管理服务控制台
【2】在左侧导航栏，单击SSL证书。
【3】在SSL证书页面，定位到目标证书，在操作列，单击下载。
【4】在服务器类型为Nginx的操作列，单击下载。
【5】解压缩已下载的SSL证书压缩包：根据您在提交证书申请时选择的CSR生成方式，解压缩获得的文件不同。证书文件（PEM格式）： Nginx支持安装PEM格式的文件，PEM格式的证书文件是采用Base64编码的文本文件，且包含完整证书链。解压后，该文件以证书ID_证书绑定域名命名。私钥文件（KEY格式）： 默认以证书绑定域名命名。
三、安装Nginx
已安装的可以忽略该步骤
直接在Linux服务上使用wget命令把Nginx安装包下载到/usr/local/目录中
wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
安装Nginx相关依赖
#安装nginx所需要的依赖包
yum install -y gcc-c++ zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
安装Nginx：解压Nginx安装包
#解压安装包
tar -zxvf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
进入解压之后的Nginx目录下：
#进入nginx目录
cd /usr/local/nginx
执行配置脚本，--prefix是指定安装目录
# 编译，执行配置: 考虑到后续安装ssl证书 添加两个模块
./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
编译安装
#对nginx编译和安装
make & make install
启动Nginx服务：安装好的Nginx服务在/usr/local/nginx下：
[root@xxx sbin]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/sbin
# 启动
./nginx
# 重启
./nginx -s reload
# 关闭
./nginx -s stop
# 或者，指定配置文件启动
./nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
查看Nginx是否启动成功
[root@xxx sbin]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 1399 1320 0 Jan27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
root 1574 1399 0 Jan27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1575 1399 0 Jan27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 20336 1 0 21:21 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 20337 20336 0 21:21 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 20366 13337 0 21:21 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
设置nginx的开机启动
vim /etc/rc.local
文本底部追加
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
编辑安装目录conf下的nginx.conf文件：
server {
listen 80;
server_name yourdomain.com; # 修改为你自己的域名或IP地址
location / {
root /path/to/your/vuepress/site; # 修改为你的VuePress站点路径，也就是vue npm run build 打包后放置静态文件dist的路径
index index.html index.htm;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
}
三、在Nginx服务器安装证书
【1】执行以下命令，在Nginx的conf目录下创建一个cert用于存放证书的目录。
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf --进入Nginx默认配置文件目录。该目录为手动编译安装Nginx时的默认目录，如果您修改过默认安装目录或使用其他方式安装，请根据实际配置调整。
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# cd cert/
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ cert]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Feb 8 18:29 it-blog-cn.com.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4772 Feb 8 18:29 it-blog-cn.com.pem
.pem：证书文件。PEM文件的扩展名为CRT格式。
.key：证书的密钥文件。申请证书时如果未选择自动创建CRS，则下载的证书文件压缩包中不会包含.key文件，需要您将自己手动常见的私钥文件拷贝到cert目录下。
【2】更改nginx.conf设置vim nginx.conf找到server块，将HTTPS server部分注释去掉【从需要删除的部分开始安装ctrl+v，然后ctrl+d删除】并修改：
# HTTPS server
# 将 it-blog-cn.com 修改为自己的域名
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name it-blog-cn.com;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
【3】通过nginx -t校验nginx文件语法。如果提示找不到证书文件，说明文件路径配置的不正确。
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: [emerg] cannot load certificate "/usr/local/nginx/conf/it-blog-cn.com.pem": BIO_new_file() failed (SSL: error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:fopen('/usr/local/nginx/conf/it-blog-cn.com.pem','r') error:2006D080:BIO routines:BIO_new_file:no such file)
如果提示success，表示校验成功
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# ../sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
【4】通过nginx -s reload重启nginx
【5】检查443端口
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# netstat -ntlp lgrep 443
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20336/nginx: master
【5】查询防火墙的状态
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --state
running
查询防火墙是否放开了443端口，结果显示只有80端口
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --list-prots
80/tcp
打开443端口，完成后执行reload命令
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --zone=public --add-prot=443/toc --permanent
success
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --reload
success
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# firewall -cmd --list-ports
80/tcp 443/tcp
【6】执行echo命令在服务器上模拟客户端，将测试命令中的it-blog-cn更换为自己的域名。检查本地443端口加载的HTTPS服务以及证书是否正常。如下出现SSL-Session表示HTTPS服务正常运行，服务器配置的SSL证书是可用的。如果提示connect:errno=111表示没有服务，建议检查Nginx是否启动。
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# echo | openssl s_client -connect 127.0.0.1:443 -servername it-blog.cn 2>/dev/null
CONNECTED(00000003)
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/CN=uat.bestcms.net
i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1
1 s:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1
i:/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert Global Root CA
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/CN=uat.bestcms.net
issuer=/C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=Encryption Everywhere DV TLS CA - G1
---
No client certificate CA names sent
Peer signing digest: SHA256
Server Temp Key: ECDH, P-256, 256 bits
---
SSL handshake has read 3416 bytes and written 434 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
No ALPN negotiated
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1.2
Cipher : ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Session-ID: 79CEF4E325845ED2B21C77C85FFF4B01B68B72362EE14A05C354E65C074F166D
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 48EE5A3E66D294F5F9B7F2A04EE6A58A7D8CF1211C103B86F31231BAC30BA63325A1200A7915D7B556F516E215848F65
Key-Arg : None
Krb5 Principal: None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
TLS session ticket lifetime hint: 300 (seconds)
TLS session ticket:
0000 - 8b c1 a2 a1 8e cd 5d 7b-f9 1e d0 0a d7 44 2b 89 ......]{.....D+.
0010 - 09 f3 f4 4d 98 74 37 b7-57 cf ab e2 a5 ed 90 1e ...M.t7.W.......
0020 - 9d 4a 9b 2b fa 07 cd 51-d1 bd 4c 8c 41 be 8f 39 .J.+...Q..L.A..9
0030 - b8 4d 25 0e e7 0d 67 6a-0e a2 56 4c ea ad 38 63 .M%...gj..VL..8c
0040 - 14 ed ed d0 2a 13 11 6a-81 0c e9 ae 10 3e f1 1c ....*..j.....>..
0050 - 22 08 9c 1e 7e 11 80 0f-00 61 38 85 6c da 28 b7 "...~....a8.l.(.
0060 - f8 82 06 ea 80 12 cd a7-27 18 45 c1 84 97 07 13 ........'.E.....
0070 - 9c 41 82 35 14 80 e4 de-8e ee cb af 55 4e 3e 59 .A.5........UN>Y
0080 - 23 ad 6d cb 25 e1 fc 25-7b 3a cb f7 e7 e7 0c 48 #.m.%..%{:.....H
0090 - 49 bf a8 fb 44 fc de 03-9f a4 f5 40 a7 0a ea 7e I...D......@...~
00a0 - 61 ab 50 87 1e 6a 5f 92-45 26 25 73 5c 06 0d b4 a.P..j_.E&%s\...
00b0 - ed 8c cd 01 e4 86 9c 00-ab 42 22 b1 15 5e c4 ed .........B"..^..
Start Time: 1707407211
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 10 (certificate has expired)
---
四、更新ECS安全组
放行TCP协议443端口的入方向请求，并在浏览器端通过HTTPS访问域名成功。
五、HTTP 强制跳转 HTTPS
修改nginx.conf
[root@iZuf65h6i43ltlzhqolumyZ conf]# vim nginx.conf
在80端口下方添加rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;，并通过nginx -t校验语法，并通过nginx -s reload重新启动nginx
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;
六、Nginx 配置文件
nginx.conf配置全文
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name it-blog-cn.com;
rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/; #代理的地址和端口
client_max_body_size 100M;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $host;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name it-blog-cn.com;
ssl_certificate /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/nginx/conf/cert/it-blog-cn.com.key;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
}
}
