GUI编程

1、简介

GUI的核心技术：Swing AWT
1.因为界面不美观
2.需要jre环境！
为什么我们要学习？
1.可以写出自己心中想要的一些工具;
2.工作时候，也可能需要维护到swing界面;
3.了解MVC架构，了解监听！

2、AWT

2.1 AWT介绍

1.包含了很多类和接口！ GUI!
2.元素：窗口，按钮，文本框
3.java.awt

2.2 组件和容器

1、Frame

public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame ,JDK, 看源码！
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个GUI窗口");

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(500,400);

        //设置背景色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(44, 141, 153));

        //设置弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置窗口大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

问题：发现窗口关闭不了，停止java程序！

封装一个自己的Frame组件

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.gray);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.magenta);
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int  id = 0; //可能存在多个窗口，需要一个id用来记数
    public MyFrame(int x, int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("MyFrame" + (++id));
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setBackground(color);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

2、面板Panel

// panel 可以看作一个空间，但是不能单独存在
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("测试panel");
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //设置坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(Color.green);

        //设置panel坐标
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(Color.red);

        frame.add(panel);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        
        //解决窗口无法关闭的问题
        //监听事件，监听窗口关闭事件 system.exit(0);
        //适配器模式
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
             @Override
            //点击窗口关闭按钮要做的事情
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.3、布局管理器

流式布局

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //组件--按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("Button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("Button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("Button3");

        //设置流式布局
        //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        // frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        //把按钮添加到frame
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setSize(200,200);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

东西南北中

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("测试 BorderLayout");

        //东西南北中
        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button center = new Button("Center");



        frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setBounds(200,200,300,300);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

表格

public class TestGridLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestGridLayout");

        //设置表格布局
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);

        frame.pack(); //自动布局
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

练习：实现下面的布局

分析：

代码实现：

public class ExDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总的窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame("布局练习Demo");
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,300);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        //4个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        p1.setBackground(Color.green);
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        //上面
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"), BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("Weat-2"), BorderLayout.WEST);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //添加到窗口
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

总结：

Frame是一个顶级窗口
Panel无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中。
布局管理器
流式 FlowLayout
表格 GrideLayout
东西南北中 BorderLayout
大小、背景、定位、监听

2.4、事件监听

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestActionEvent");
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为addActionListener()需要一个actionListener,所以我们构造一个actionListener
        button.addActionListener(new MyActionListener());
        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.pack();
        closeWindow(frame); //关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    //关闭窗口的方法
    private static void closeWindow(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//监听事件
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

两个按钮实现同一个监听：

public class TestActionTwo {
    //两个按钮实现同一个监听
    // 开始  停止
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("TestActionTwo");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("top");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        button1.setActionCommand("btn-start");
        button2.setActionCommand("btn-stop");

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
    }

}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了：msg=>"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

2.5、输入框 TextField 监听

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动
        new MyFrame();
    }

}

class MyFrame extends Frame {
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        //监听这个文本框的输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下enter就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置一些替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener {

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField textField = (TextField) e.getSource(); //获得一些资源，返回一个对象
        System.out.println(textField.getText()); //获得输入框的内容
        textField.setText("");
    }
}

2.6 简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习

oop原则：组合，大于继承！

class A extend B{ //继承
}

class A{ //组合
  public B b;
}

简易计算器：

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    public Calculator(){
        //3个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(20);

        //1 个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1, num2, num3));

        //1 个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField num1, num2, num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2, TextField num3){
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //2.将两个值 + 运算后放到第三个文本框
        num3.setText("" +(n1 + n2));

        //3.清空前两个文本框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

在监听器类中组合计算类：

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;
    
    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        Label label = new Label("+");
        Button button = new Button("=");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象 ，在一个类中组合另一个类
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
       this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
            //2.将两个值 + 运算后放到第三个文本框
            //3.清空前两个文本框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText("" +(n1 + n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
    }
}

使用内部类：

更好的包装

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame {
    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(20);
        Label label = new Label("+");
        Button button = new Button("=");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }

    //监听器类
    //内部类的最大好处就是可以畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数和被加数
            //2.将两个值 + 运算后放到第三个文本框
            //3.清空前两个文本框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText("" +(n1 + n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.7、画笔

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200, 600, 500);
        setVisible(true);
    }


    @Override
    //画笔
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(150,200,200,200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完，将它还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

2.8、鼠标监听

目标：实现鼠标画画

//监听鼠标事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

//自己的类:画板类
class MyFrame extends Frame {
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点

    //保存点的集合
    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);
        setVisible(true);

        //存鼠标点击的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
           Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
           g.setColor(Color.green);
           g.fillOval(point.x, point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到集合
    public void addPoint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //定义自己的鼠标监听类，适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        //鼠标 按下 ，弹起，按住不放
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //这个我们点击的时候，就会在界面上产生一个点！
            //这个点是鼠标的点,添加到集合
            myFrame.addPoint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标，重画一遍
            myFrame.repaint(); //刷新
        }
    }
}

实现思路：

2.9、窗口监听

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBounds(200,200,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("你点了X");
                    }
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("窗口激活了");
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}

2.10 键盘监听

//键盘事件监听
public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2,300,200);
        setVisible(true);
        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            //键盘按下
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获取键盘按下的是哪一个键
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //不需要记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性 VK_XXX
                if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP) {
                    System.out.println("你按下了上箭头");
                }else{
                    System.out.println(keyCode);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

3、swing

3.1、窗口、面板

public class JFrameDemo {
    //init(); 初始化
    public void init(){
        JFrame jf = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jf.setVisible(true);
        jf.setBounds(100,100,400,300);

        //这样设置背景色发现没有效果
        //jf.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        //获取一个容器
        Container container = jf.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.yellow);

        //给窗口添加一段文字
        JLabel label = new JLabel("这是给窗口添加的一段文字");
        //文字居中,设置水平对齐
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        jf.add(label);

        //窗口关闭事件
        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }
}

3.2、弹窗

public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {
    public DialogDemo()  {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,40);

        //点击这个按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { //监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });
        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}

//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        this.setTitle("这是一个弹出之窗口");
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("跟着狂神学Java");
        jLabel.setBounds(20,20,100,100);
        container.add(jLabel);
    }
}

3.3、标签

lable

new JLable();

//图标，需要实现类，Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){}; //无参构造器

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15,15);
        //图标放在标签上，也可以放在按钮上！
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, JLabel.CENTER);
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }

    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
}

图标ICON

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {
    public ImageIconDemo(){
        JLabel label = new JLabel("ImageIconDemo");
        //获取图片的地址
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("tx.jpg");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.add(label);
        setBounds(200,200,600,500);
        setVisible(true);


    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4、面板

JPanel

``java
public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new JPanelDemo();
}

public JPanelDemo(){
    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setBounds(200,200,600,500);
    Container container = this.getContentPane();
    this.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3,10,20));

    JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
    JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
    JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
    JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

    panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
    panel1.add(new JButton("1"));

    panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
    panel2.add(new JButton("2"));

    panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
    panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
    panel3.add(new JButton("3"));

    panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
    panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
    panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
    panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

    container.add(panel1);
    container.add(panel2);
    container.add(panel3);
    container.add(panel4);
}

}

![](https://img2022.cnblogs.com/blog/2519465/202203/2519465-20220308173113944-202815078.png)

JScrollPanel

```java
//带滚动条的面板 JScrollPane
public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10, 20);
        textArea.setText("欢迎学习Java!");

        //面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);

        container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setBounds(200,200,300,200);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5、按钮

图片按钮

public class JButtonDemo1 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo1() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL url = JButtonDemo1.class.getResource("tx.gif");
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //添加按钮到容器
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo1();
    }
}

单选按钮

//单选按钮
public class JButtonDemo2 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo2() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("radioButton1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("radioButton2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("radioButton3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组，一个组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);

        //add
        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo2();
    }
}

复选按钮

//单选按钮
public class JButtonDemo3 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo3() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //多选按钮
        JCheckBox checkBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkBox1");
        JCheckBox checkBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkBox2");

        //add
        container.add(checkBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(checkBox2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,300);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo3();
    }
}

3.6、列表

下拉框

public class TestComBox extends JFrame {
    public TestComBox() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //下拉列表框
        JComboBox stuatus = new JComboBox();
        stuatus.addItem(null);
        stuatus.addItem("正在热映");
        stuatus.addItem("已下线");
        stuatus.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(stuatus);
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,300,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComBox();
    }
}

列表框

//列表框
public class TestListBox extends JFrame {
    public TestListBox() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表内容
        //String[] contents = {"one","two","three","four"};

        //动态添加列表项
        Vector contents = new Vector();
        contents.add("张三");
        contents.add("李四");
        contents.add("王五");

        //列表框
        JList list = new JList(contents);
        container.add(list);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,300,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestListBox();
    }
}

应用场景：
- 下拉列表框：选择地区或一些单个选项
- 列表框：展示信息，一般是动态扩容的！

3.7、文本框

文本框

//文本框练习
public class TestTextDemo1 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo1() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //两个文本框
        JTextField textField1 = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField textField2 = new JTextField("world",20);

        //add
        container.add(textField1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(textField2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,300,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo1();
    }
}

密码框

//密码框
public class TestTextDemo2 extends JFrame {
    public TestTextDemo2() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        JLabel label = new JLabel("密码：");
        //密码框
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField(20);

        //add
        container.add(label);
        container.add(passwordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,300,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo2();
    }
}

文本域

//文本域
public class TestTextAreaDemo extends JFrame {
    public TestTextAreaDemo() {
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea("这是一个文本域！", 10, 20);

        //滚动面板
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);

        //add
       container.add(scrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,300,200);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextAreaDemo();
    }
}

贪吃蛇

帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧 60帧。连起来是动画，拆开是静态的图片。
键盘监听、事件监听
定时器Timer

主启动类：

//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();

        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.setBounds(10,10,900,720);
        frame.setResizable(false); //窗口大小不可变
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

用来保存数据的类

//数据中心
public class Data {
    //相对路径 tx.jpg
    //绝对路径  / 相当于当前的项目
    //public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon headr = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);

    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}

游戏面板类

//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {
    //定义蛇的数据结构
    int length; //蛇的长度
    int[] snakeX = new int[600]; //蛇的 x 坐标 25*25
    int[] snakeY = new int[500]; //蛇的 Y 坐标 25*25
    String fx; //方向

    //定义食物
    int foodX;
    int foodY;
    Random random = new Random();

    //定时器，以ms为单位，1000ms = 1s
    Timer timer = new Timer(100, this); //100ms 执行一次

    //游戏的状态：开始 停止
    boolean isStart = false; //默认为未开始

    boolean isFail = false; //游戏失败状态

    //定义积分
    int score;

    public GamePanel() {
        init();
        //获得焦点和焦点事件
        this.setFocusable(true); //获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this); //添加键盘的监听事件
        timer.start(); //游戏一开始，定时器就启动
    }

    //初始化
    public void init(){
        length = 3;
        snakeX[0] = 100; snakeY[0] = 100; //脑袋的位置
        snakeX[1] = 75; snakeY[1] = 100; //第一个身体的坐标
        snakeX[2] = 50; snakeY[2] = 100; //第二个身体的坐标

        fx = "right"; //初始方向向右

        //初始化食物
        foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
        foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
        //初始化积分
        score = 0;
    }



    //绘制面板，我们游戏中的所有东西，都是用这个画笔来画
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g); //清屏
        //绘制静态的面板
        this.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
        Data.headr.paintIcon(this,g,25,11); //头部广告栏画上去
        g.fillRect(25,75,850,600); //默认的游戏界面

        //画食物
        Data.food.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 18));
        g.drawString("长度 " + length , 750, 35);
        g.drawString("积分 " + score, 750, 50);
        //把小蛇画上去，根据方向判断蛇脑袋
        if(fx.equals("right")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("left")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("up")){
           Data.up.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("down")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[0],snakeY[0]);
        }

        //循环画出蛇的身体
        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++ ){
            Data.body.paintIcon(this,g,snakeX[i],snakeY[i]);
        }

        //判断游戏状态，画出一段文字
        if(isStart==false){
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏！", 300, 300);
        }

        if(isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("游戏失败！按下空格重新开始。", 300, 300);
        }

        repaint();
    }

    //键盘监听事件
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode(); //获取键盘按的是哪一个键
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){ //如果按的是空格
            if(isFail){ //游戏失败时
               isFail = false;
               init();
            }else{
                isStart = !isStart; //取反
                repaint(); //重绘
            }
        }

        //判断键盘上下左右按键，改变文方向
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx = "up";
        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx = "down";
        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx = "left";
        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx = "right";
        }

    }
    //事件监听---需要通过固定事件来刷新， 1s = 10次
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isStart && isFail==false){ //如果为开始状态，就让小蛇动起来

            //吃食物
            if(snakeX[0]==foodX && snakeY[0]==foodY){
                //长度 + 1
                length ++;
                //积分
                score = score + 10;
                //重新生成食物
                foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
                foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
            }

            //移动身体部分
            for (int i = length - 1 ; i > 0; i--) { //遍历每一个身体部分
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
            }

            //边界判断,脑袋到达边界时，重新开始
            if(fx.equals("right")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0] + 25;
                if(snakeX[0] > 850){snakeX[0] = 25;}//向右到边界时
            }else if (fx.equals("left")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0] -25;
                if(snakeX[0] < 25){snakeX[0] = 850;}//向右到边界时
            }else if (fx.equals("up")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0] -25;
                if(snakeY[0] < 75){snakeY[0] = 650;}//向右到边界时
            }else if (fx.equals("down")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0] + 25;
                if(snakeY[0] > 650){snakeY[0] = 75;}//向右到边界时
            }

            //判定游戏失败
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if(snakeX[0]==snakeX[i] && snakeY[0]==snakeY[i]){
                    isFail = true;
                }
            }

            repaint(); //重绘页面
        }

        timer.start();
    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }
    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }
}

游戏面板添加组件的流程：

定义数据
初始化数据
画上去
监听事件
- 键盘
- 事件

posted @ 2022-03-04 23:50 panbin_2006 阅读(38) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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