GNU 通用公共授權第三版

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE GNU 通用公共授權 Version 3, 29 June 2007 第三版, 2007年6月29日

導言 (Preamble)

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

GNU 通用公共授權是一份針對軟體和其他種類作品的自由的、公共的授權。

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

大多數軟體及其他具有實用價值的作品之授權是設計用以剝奪您共享和修改該作品的自由。相反地，GNU 通用公共授權力圖保證您分享和修改一個程式的所有版本之自由－以確保軟體對所有使用者都是自由的。本基金會對自己的大多數軟件都使用了 GNU 通用公共授權；本授權同樣適用于任何其作者以這種方式發布的作品。您也可以讓您的程式使用本授權。

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

GNU 通用公共授權的設計是為了確保您擁有發布自由軟體副本、以及為此收費的自由，確保您能收到原始碼或者在您需要時能獲取原始碼，確保您能修改軟體或者將它的一部分用於新的自由軟體當中，並且確保您知道您能做這些事情。

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

為了保障您的權利，我們需要禁止任何人否定您擁有這些權利，或者要求您放棄這些權利。因此，當您散佈此軟體的副本或者修改它的時候，有些責任您必需肩負，那就是，尊重他人的自由。

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

例如，如果您發布一個自由軟體程式的副本，不管是免費的還是收費的，您都必須把您獲得的自由同樣的給予副本的接收者。您必須確保他們也能收到或能獲得原始碼。而且您必須向他們展示這些條款，以使他們知道自己享有這樣的權利。

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.

使用 GNU 通用公共授權的開發者通過兩項措施來保護您的權利：（1）聲明軟體的版權，以及（2）向您提供本授權文件，以賦予您複製、散佈及／或修改軟體的法律許可。

For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.

為了保護軟體開發者和作者，GNU 通用公共授權明確闡釋本自由軟體沒有任何擔保責任。為了用戶和作者的利益，GNU 通用公共授權要求軟體被修改過的版本必須明確標示，從而避免它們的問題被錯誤地歸咎於先前的版本。

Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.

某些設備被設計成拒絕用戶於該設備中安裝或運行其軟體的修改版本，儘管製造商可以這麼做。這從根本上是違背了保障用戶能自由修改軟體的目的。此濫用都以千篇一律的模式出現在個人產品這方面，而這是最讓人無法接受的。因此，我們設計這個版本的 GNU 通用公共授權以禁止那些產品的這種做法。如果此類問題在其他領域中大量湧現，我們已準備好在未來的 GNU 通用公共授權版本裡擴展這項條款，以保障用戶的自由。

Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.

最後，任何程式都經常受到軟體專利的威脅。政府不應該讓專利限制了一般用途的電腦上的軟體開發和使用，但對於允許這種事情的地區，我們希望能避免應用於自由軟體的專利會使到該軟件變相成為私有化的危機。為了阻止這種事情發生， GNU 通用公共授權確保專利不會使到自由軟體非自由化。

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

以下是有關複製、發布和修改的明確條款和條件。

條款和條件 (TERMS AND CONDITIONS)

零、定義 (Definitions)

"This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

“本授權” 指 GNU 通用公共授權第三版。

"Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.

“版權” 亦指適用於其他著作(如半導體光罩)的著作權相關法律。

"The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and "recipients" may be individuals or organizations.

“本程式” 指任何以本授權予以受權的可被版權保護之著作。被授權人稱為“您 ”。“被授權人”和“接受者”可以是個人或組織。

To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.

有別於一個完全的複製，“修改”著作指在需要獲得版權許可的情況之下，複製或改寫該作品的全部或一部分。產出的作品被稱為先前著作的“修改版本”或“基於” 先前著作的著作。

A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.

“涵蓋作品”指未被修改過之程式或指基於本程式的著作。

To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.

“傳播”作品指當您在沒有獲得許可的情況下，對該作品做出任何事，而這樣做會在可適用的版權法下讓您承擔直接或間接侵權者的責任，除非是在電腦上執行該作品或是非公開地對它修改。傳播包括複製，散佈（無論帶有修改與否）、向公眾共享、以及在某些國家的其他行為。

To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.

“傳遞”作品指任何使其他人能夠製作或接受副本的傳播方式。僅僅通過電腦網絡和一個用戶交流，而未涉及副本的傳送，就不構成傳達。

An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.

一個顯示“適當的法律通告”的交互用戶界面要達到以下程度：包括一個方便而顯著的可視部件，且具備以下功能：（一）顯示一個合適的版權通告；（2）告訴用戶該作品沒有任何保固（除非它連保固也有提供），告訴受權人可以在本授權下傳達該作品，以及如何閱讀本授權的副本。如果該界面顯示了一個包括用戶命令或選項的列表，例如一個菜單，該列表中的一個顯著選項就符合這個條件。

一、原始碼 (Source Code)

The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source form of a work.

一個作品的“原始碼”指對作品作出修改時它的理想形式。“目標碼”指作品的任何非原始碼形式。

A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.

“標準介面”指一個由一認可標準體系所定義的官方標準，或如該介面是為某一特定編程語言而定義的話，那麼它是該語言中廣為開發者所採用的。

The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A "Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.

可執行作品的“系統函式庫”除了不包括作品的整體以外，同時符合以下兩個條件的任何東西都包括在內：（一）包含在主要部件的正常包裝形式中，但並不是主要部件的一部份；（二）只是為了使到作品能與該主要部件使用，或是為了實現某個已有公開原始碼的標準介面。在這裡，“主要部件”指的是在該可執行作品下運行的作業系統（如有的話）當中的一個主要且不可或缺的部件（如核心、視窗系統等），或用以產生該作品的一個編譯器，或用以執行該作品的目標碼解析器。

The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.

對一目標碼形式的作品而言，其“對應之原始碼”指所有用以產生、安裝以及（對可執行的作品而言）執行該目標碼和修改作品的原始碼，包括用以控制這些活動的腳本。但是，它並不包括作品的系統函式庫、通用工具以及在未經修改的情況下，用以完成這些活動所需的、容易獲得的以及並非作品一部份的自由軟件。對應之原始碼的例子包括，與作品的原始碼檔相關聯的介面定義檔，以及如因為與作品的其他部份之間有密切數據通訊或控制流程的緣故，作品所特定需要的共享函式庫和動態連接子程式之原始碼，

The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.

對應之原始碼不需要包含任何用戶可以從對應之原始碼的其他部份自動再生的東西。

The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

對一原始碼形式的作品而言，其“對應之原始碼”就是作品本身。

二、基本許可 (Basic Permissions)

All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

所有在本授權下賦予的權利是在授權程式的版權有效時期中被賦予的，而且只要所述的條件都滿足了，這些權利是不可撤回的。本授權明確申明您可以不受任何限制地執行授權程式的未修改版本。倘若從執行一個被本授權含蓋的作品而得到的輸出結果，以及其內容，均構成被含蓋的作品的話，那麼本授權對該輸出結果亦適用。本授權承認版權法賦予您的公平使用或其他相等原則中之權利。

You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

只要您的授權仍然有效，您可以無條件地製作、執行和轉介一個並不是由您傳播之授權含蓋的作品。當您只是需要別人僅僅為您修改一些被含蓋的作品，或只是為了執行這些作品而向您提供工具程式，您依然可以向別人傳播這些作品，只要您遵守本授權的條款來傳播那些您不能控制版權的東西。為您而製作或執行那些被含蓋的作品的人，必需是代表您而做，且是在您的指導和控制之下，而在工作條款上必需禁止他們在與您的關係以外製作任何您擁有版權的東西之副本。

Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.

如在其他情況下進行傳遞，只能在下述條件下發生。轉授許可證授權是不被允許的，而第十節亦使得它沒有必要。

三、保護用戶的法律權利不受反規避法侵犯 (Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law)

No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.

在任何實現1996年通過的世界知識產權組織版權條約第11章中所述任務的法律，或者是禁止或限制這種破解方法的類似法律下，覆蓋程式都不會被認定為有效的技術手段的一部分。

When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.

當您發佈一個被涵蓋的作品時，您同時放棄任何禁止技術措施規避行為的法律權利，條件是這些規避行為是在對該作品行駛本授權的權利時進行的。您亦放棄任何限制操作或修改該作品的意圖，而這樣做的目的是為了對該作品的使用者執行您的或第三方的法律權利來禁止技術措施規避行為。

四、發佈完整副本 (Conveying Verbatim Copies)

You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

當您收到本程式之原始碼的時候，您可以通過任何媒介發佈未被修改過的原始碼副本，只要您顯著而適當地在每個副本上都發佈一個合適的版權通告；保持所有敘述本授權的通告，以及任何按照第七節中所述，對原始碼所加入的非許可性條款的通告都完好無缺；保持所有免責聲名完好無缺；並隨本程式提供所有接受者一份本授權。

You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

您可以為每個發佈的副本收取或不收取任何價格的費用，您也可以有償的提供支援或責任擔保。

五、發佈修改過的原始版本 (Conveying Modified Source Versions)

You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

只要您同時滿足以下所有條件，您可以在第四節的條款下以原始碼形式發佈一個基於本程式的作品，或一些用來從本程式製作該作品的修改：

   a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
   it, and giving a relevant date.

   一）該作品必須包含明確的通告說明您修改了它，並給出相應的修改日期。

    b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
   released under this License and any conditions added under section
   7.  This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
   "keep intact all notices".

   二）該作品必須包含明確的通告，說明它是在本授權以及任何按照第七節所加入的條件之下所發佈的。這條要求修改了第四節的“保持所有通知完整”的要求。

   c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
   License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy.  This
   License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
   additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
   regardless of how they are packaged.  This License gives no
   permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
   invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.

c）您必須把整個軟體作為一個整體向任何獲取副本的人按照本授權協議授權。本授權因此會和任何按照第7節加入的條款一起，對整個軟體及其所有部分，無論是以什麼形式打包的，起法律效力。本授權不允許以其他任何形式授權該軟體，但如果您個別地收到這樣的許可，本授權並不否定該許可。

   d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
   Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
   interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
   work need not make them do so.

d）如果您製作的套裝軟體含交互的用戶介面，每個用戶介面都必須顯示適當的法律通告；但是，如果本套裝程式含沒有顯示適當的法律通告的交互介面，您的軟體沒有必要修改他們讓他們顯示。

A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

如果一個覆蓋程式和其他本身不是該程式的擴展的程式的聯合體，這樣的聯合的目的不是為了在某個存儲或發佈媒體上生成更大的程式，且聯合體程式和相應產生的版權沒有用來限制程式的使用或限制單個程式賦予的聯合程式的用戶的合法權利的時候，這樣的聯合體就被稱為“聚集體”。在聚集體中包含覆蓋程式並不會使本授權應用於該聚集體的其他部分。

Conveying Non-Source Forms 6．發佈非原始形式的副本

You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:

您可以在第4,5節條款下以目標碼形式發佈程式，只要您同時以一下的一種方式在本授權條款下發佈機器可讀的對應的原始碼：

   a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
   (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
   Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
   customarily used for software interchange.

a）在實體產品（包括實體的發佈媒介）中或作為其一部分發佈目標碼，並在通常用於軟體交換的耐用實體媒介中發佈對應的原始碼。

   b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
   (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
   written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
   long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
   model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
   copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
   product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
   medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
   more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
   conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
   Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.

b）在實體產品（包括實體的發佈媒介）中或作為其一部分發佈目標碼，並附上有效期至少3年且與您為該產品模型提供配件或客戶服務的時間等長的書面承諾，給予每個擁有該目標碼的人兩種選擇（1）將本授權所覆蓋的產品，其所有軟體的對應原始碼的副本，置放在常用於軟體交換的耐用實體媒介中，並以不高於您執行這種發佈原始碼所需合理費用收費；或（2）通過網路伺服器免費提供這些對應原始碼的訪問。

   c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
   written offer to provide the Corresponding Source.  This
   alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
   only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
   with subsection 6b.

c）獨自發佈目標碼的副本，並附上一份提供對應原始碼的書面承諾。這種行為只允許偶爾發生並不能盈利，且在您收到的目標碼附有第6節b規定的承諾的時候。

   d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
   place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
   Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
   further charge.  You need not require recipients to copy the
   Corresponding Source along with the object code.  If the place to
   copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
   may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
   that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
   clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
   Corresponding Source.  Regardless of what server hosts the
   Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
   available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.

d）在指定的地點（免費或收費地）提供發佈的目標碼的訪問並在同樣的地點以不增加價格的方式提供對應原始碼的同樣的訪問權。您不需要要求接收者在複製目標碼的時候一道複製對應的原始碼。如果複製目標碼的地點是網路伺服器，對應的原始碼可以在另外一個支援相同複製功能的伺服器上（由您或者第三方運作），只要您在目標碼旁邊明確指出在哪里可以找到對應的原始碼。無論什麼樣的伺服器提供這些對應的原始碼，您都有義務保證它在任何有需求的時候都可用，從而滿足本條規定。

   e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
   you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
   Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
   charge under subsection 6d.

e）用點對點傳輸發佈目標碼，您需要按照第6節d的條款向大眾免費提供其他的節點目標碼和對應的原始碼在哪里。

A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.

目標碼中可分離的部分，其原始碼作為系統庫不包含在對應的原始碼中，不需要包含在發佈目標碼的行為中。

A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

“用戶產品”指（1）“消費品”，即通常用於個人的、家庭的或日常目的的有形個人財產；或者（2）任何為公司設計或銷售卻賣給了個人的東西。在判斷一個產品是否消費品時，有疑點的案例將以有利於覆蓋面的結果加以判斷。對特定用戶接收到的特定產品，“正常使用”指該類產品的典型的或通常的使用，無論該用戶的特殊情況，或者該用戶實際使用該產品的情況，或者該產品要求的使用方式如何。一個產品是否是消費品與該產品是否具有實質的經濟上的、工業的或非消費品的用處無關，除非該用處是此類產品唯一的重要使用模式。

"Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.

用戶產品的“安裝資訊”指從對應來原的修改版本安裝和執行該用戶產品中包含的覆蓋程式的修改版本所需要的任何方法、過程、授權密鑰或其他資訊。這些資訊必須足以保證修改後的目標碼不會僅僅因為被修改過而不能繼續執行。

If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).

如果您在本節條款下在用戶產品中，或隨同，或專門為了其中的使用，發佈目標碼程式，而在發佈過程中用戶產品的所有權和使用權都永久地或在一定時期內（無論此項發佈的特點如何）傳遞給了接收者，在本節所述的條款下發佈的對應的原始碼必須包含安裝資訊。但是如果您或者任何第三方組織都沒有保留在用戶產品上安裝修改過的目標碼的能力（比如程式被安裝在了ROM上），那麼這項要求不會生效。

The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.

提供安裝資訊的要求並沒有要求為接收者修改或安裝過的程式，或者修改或安裝該程式的用戶產品，繼續提供支援服務、擔保或升級。當修改本身實際上相反地影響了網路的運行，或者違反了網路通信的規則和協定時，網路訪問可以被拒絕。

Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

根據本節發佈的對應原始碼和提供的安裝資訊必須以公共的檔案格式發佈（並以附加原始碼的方式向大眾公開），解壓縮、閱讀或複製這些資訊不能要求任何密碼。

Additional Terms 7．附加條款

"Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

“附加許可”是通過允許一些本授權的特例來補充本授權的條款。只要它們在使用法律下合法，對整個程式都生效的附加許可就應當被認為是本授權的內容。如果附加許可只是對本程式的一部分生效，那麼該部分可以在那些許可下獨立使用，但整個程式是在本授權管理下，無論附加許可如何。

When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

當您發佈覆蓋程式的副本時，您可以選擇刪除該副本或其部分的任何附加許可。（當您修改程式時，附加許可可能要求在某些情況下將自身刪除）。您可以把附加許可放在資料裡，加入到您擁有或能授予版權許可的覆蓋程式中。

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:

   a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
   terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or

a. 拒絕擔保責任或以與本授權第15和16小節條款不同的方式限制責任；或者

   b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
   author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
   Notices displayed by works containing it; or

b. 要求保留特定的合理法律通告，或者該資料中或包含於適當法律通告中的該程式的作者貢獻；或者

   c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
   requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
   reasonable ways as different from the original version; or

c. 禁止誤傳該資料的來源，或者要求該資料的修改版本以合理的方式標誌為與原版本不同的版本；或者

   d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
   authors of the material; or

d. 限制以宣傳為目的的使用該資料作者或授權人的姓名；或者

   e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
   trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or

e. 保留授權在商標法下使用一些商品名稱，商標或服務標記；或者

   f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
   material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
   it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for
   any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
   those licensors and authors.

f. 要求任何發佈該材料（或其修改版本）的人用對接收者的責任假設合同對授權人和資料作者進行保護，避免任何這樣的假設合同直接造成授權人和作者的責任。

All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

所有其他不許可的附加條款都被認為是第10節中的“進一步的約束”。如果您收到的程式或者其部分，聲稱自己由本授權管理，並補充了進一步約束，那麼您可以刪除這些約束。如果一個授權檔包含進一步約束，但是允許再次授權或者在本授權下發佈，只要這樣的進一步的約束在這樣的再次授權或發佈中無法保留下來，您就可以在覆蓋程式中加入該授權檔條款管理下的資料。

If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

如果您依據本小節向覆蓋程式添加條款,您必須在相關的原始檔案中加入一個應用於那些檔的附加條款的聲明或者指明在哪里可以找到這些條款的通告。

Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

附加的條款，無論是許可的還是非許可的條款，都可以寫在一個單獨的書面授權中，或者申明為例外情況；這兩種方法都可以實現上述要求。

Termination 8．終止授權

You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

您只有在本授權的明確授權下才能傳播或修改覆蓋程式。任何其他的傳播或修改覆蓋程式的嘗試都是非法的，並將自動終止您在本授權下獲取的權利（包括依據第11節第三段條款授予的任何專利授權）。

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies 9.獲取副本不需要接受本授權

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

您不需要為了接收或運行本程式的副本而接受本授權協議。僅僅是因為點對點傳輸獲取副本引起傳播行為，也不要求您接受本授權協議。然而，除了本授權外，任何授權協議都不能授予您傳播或修改覆蓋程式的許可。因此，如果您修改或者傳播了本程式的副本，那麼您就默認地接受了本授權。

Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients 10.下游接收者的自動授權

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

每次您發佈覆蓋程式，接收者都自動獲得一份來自原授權人的依照本授權協議運行、修改和傳播該程式的授權。依據本授權，您不為執行任何第三方組織的要求負責。

An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

“實體移轉”是指一個組織的控制權或全部資產，或者拆分組織，或者合併組織的轉移。如果覆蓋程式的傳播是實體移轉造成的，該移轉中每一個接收本程式副本的組織都將獲取一份其前身擁有的或者能夠依據前面的條款提供的任何授權，以及從其前身獲取程式對應的源始碼的權利，如果前身擁有或以合理的努力能夠獲取這些源始碼的話。

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

您不可以對從本授權協議獲取或確認的權利的執行強加任何約束。比如，您不可以要求授權費用，版稅要求或對從本授權獲取的權利的執行收取任何費用。您不可以發起訴訟（包括聯合訴訟和反訴）聲稱由於製作、使用、銷售、批發或者引進本程式或其任何一部分而侵犯了任何專利權。

Patents 11．專利權

A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".

A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

一個貢獻者的“實質的專利聲明”是該貢獻者所有和控制的全部專利，無論已經獲得的還是在將來獲得的，那些可能受到某種方式侵犯的專利權。本授權允許製作、使用和銷售其貢獻者版本，但不包括那些只會由於對貢獻者版本進一步的修改而受到侵犯的專利的申明。為此，“控制”一詞包括以同本授權要求一致的方式給予從屬授權的權利。

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

每個貢獻者在該貢獻者的實質的專利申明下授予您非獨家的，全世界的，不需要版稅的專利授權，允許您製作、使用、銷售、批發、進口以及運行、修改和傳播其貢獻者版本內容。

In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

在以下三個小節中，“專利授權”指任何形式表達的不執行專利權的協議或承諾（例如使用專利權的口頭許可，或者不為侵犯專利而起訴的契約）。向一個組織授予專利授權指做出這樣的不向該組織提出強制執行專利權的承諾。

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

如果您在自己明確知道的情況下發佈基於某個專利授權的覆蓋程式，而這個程式的對應的源代碼並不能在本授權條款下通過網路服務器或其他有效途徑免費地向公眾提供訪問，您必須做到：（1）使對應的源代碼按照上述方法可訪問；或者（2）放棄從該程式的專利授權獲取任何利益；或者（3）以某種與本授權要求一致的方法使該專利授權延伸到下游的接收者。“在自己明確知道的情況下”指您明確地知道除了獲取專利授權外，在某個國家您傳播覆蓋程式的行為，或者接收者使用覆蓋程式的行為，會由於該專利授權而侵犯一個或多個在該國可確認的專利權，而這些專利權您有足夠的理由相信它們是有效的。

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

在依照或者涉及某一次事務或安排時，如果您通過獲取發佈或傳播覆蓋程式的傳輸版本，並給予接收該覆蓋程式的某些組織專利授權，允許他們使用，傳播，修改或者發佈該覆蓋程式的特殊版本，那麼您賦予這些組織的專利授權將自動延伸到所有該覆蓋程式及基於該程式的作品的接收者。

A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

一份專利授權是“有偏見的”，如果它沒有在自身所覆蓋的範圍內包含，禁止行使，或者要求不執行一個或多個本授權下明確認可的權利。以下情況，您不可以發佈一個覆蓋程式：如果您與軟體發佈行業的第三方組織有協定，而該協定要求您根據該程式的發佈情況向該組織付費，同時該組織在您們的協定中賦予任何從您那裏獲得覆蓋軟體的組織一份有偏見的專利授權，要麼（a）連同您所發佈的副本（或者從這些副本製作的副本）；要麼（b）主要為了並連同某個的產品或者包含該覆蓋程式的聯合體。如果您簽署該協議或獲得該專利授權的日期早於2007年3月28日，那麼您不受本條款約束。

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

本授權的任何部分不會被解釋為拒絕或者限制任何暗含的授權或其他在適用專利權法下保護您的專利不受侵犯的措施。

No Surrender of Others' Freedom 12．不要放棄別人的自由

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

如果您遇到了與本授權向矛盾的情況（無論是法庭判決，合同或者其他情況），它們不能使您免去本授權的要求。如果您不能同時按照本授權中的義務和其他相關義務來發佈覆蓋程式，那麼您將不能發佈它們。比如，如果您接受了要求您向從您這裏或許本程式的人收取版稅的條款，您唯一能夠同時滿足本授權和那些條款的方法是完全不要發佈本程式。

Use with the GNU Affero General Public License 13．和GNU Affero通用公共授權一起使用

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

儘管本協議有其他防備條款，您有權把任何覆蓋程式和基於第三版GNU Affero通用公共授權的程式鏈結起來，並且發佈該聯合程式。本授權的條款仍然對您的覆蓋程式有效，但是GNU Affero通用公共授權第13節關於通過網路交互的要求會對整個聯合體有效。

Revised Versions of this License 14．本授權的修訂版

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

自由軟體基金會有時候可能會發佈GNU通用軟體授權的修訂版本和/或新版本。這樣的新版本將會和現行版本保持精神上的一致性，但是可能會在細節上有所不同，以處理新的問題和情況。

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

每個版本都有一個單獨的版本號。如果本程式指出了應用於本程式的一個特定的GNU通用公共授權版本號“以及後續版本”，您將擁有選擇該版本或任何由自由軟體基金會發佈的後續版本中的條款和條件的權利。如果本程式沒有指定特定的GNU通用公共授權版本號，那麼您可以選擇任何自由軟體基金會已發佈的版本。

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

如果本程式指出某個代理可以決定將來的GNU通用公共授權是否可以應用於本程式，那麼該代理的接受任何版本的公開稱述都是您選擇該版本應用於本程式的永久認可。

Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

Disclaimer of Warranty 15．免責申明

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

Limitation of Liability 16．責任範圍

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16 17．第15和16節的解釋

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

如果上述免責申明和責任範圍不能按照地方法律條款獲得法律效力，復審法庭應該採用最接近于完全放棄關於本程式的民事責任的法律，除非隨同本程式的責任擔保或責任假設合同是收費的。

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

-條款和條件結束-

怎樣為您的新程式使用這些條款(How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs)

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

如果您開發了一個新程式，并且希望它最大限度地對公眾有用，最好的辦法就是把它變成自由軟體，這樣任何人都可以在這些條款下修改和再發行這個軟體。

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

要做到這一點，需要把下面這個聲明附在您的程式裏。最保險的做法是，把這個聲明加到每個源文件的開頭，以最有效地聲明授權排除。

   <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
   Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

     <用一行描述程式的名稱與其用途簡述>
     版權所有(C) <年份><作者姓名>

   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.

本程式為自由軟體；您可依據自由軟體基金會所發表的GNU通用公共授權條款，對本程式再次發佈和/或修改；無論您依據的是本授權的第三版，或（您可選的）任一日後發行的版本。

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

本程式是基於使用目的而加以發佈，然而不負任何擔保責任；亦無對適售性或特定目的適用性所為的默示性擔保。詳情請參照GNU通用公共授權。

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

您應已收到附隨於本程式的GNU通用公共授權的副本；如果沒有，請參照 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

同時附上如何以電子及書面信件與您聯繫的資料。

If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

如果程式進行終端對話模式運作，請在互動式模式開始時，輸出以下提示：

   <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
   This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
   This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
   under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".

所假設的指令'show w'與'show c'應顯示通用公共授權的相對應條款。當然，您可以使用'show w'與'show c'以外的指令名稱；對於圖形用戶介面，您可以用“關於”項代實現此功能。

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

如有需要，您還應該取得您的雇主（若您的工作為程式設計師）或學校就本程式所簽署的“版權放棄承諾書”。欲知這方面的詳情，以及如何應用和遵守GNU通用公共授權，請參考 <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>

The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.

GNU通用公共授權並不允許您將本程式合併到私有的程式中。若您的程式是一個子程式庫，您可能認為允許私有的應用程式鏈結該庫會更有用。如果這是您所想做的，請使用GNU鬆弛通用公共授權代替本授權。但這樣做之前，請閱讀 <http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>

posted @ 2010-11-11 10:09 xgdw 阅读(518) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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