DRF 有无外键操作实例

• models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Category(models.Model):
    """
    文章分类
    """
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name='分类',max_length=32)

class Article(models.Model):
    """
    文章表
    """
    status_choices = (
        (1,'发布'),
        (2,'删除'),
    )
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标题',max_length=32)
    summary = models.CharField(verbose_name='简介',max_length=255)
    content = models.TextField(verbose_name='文章内容')
    cates = models.ForeignKey(to='Category',verbose_name="文章类别",null=True,blank=True)
    status = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='状态', choices=status_choices, default=1)
    tag = models.ManyToManyField(verbose_name='标签', to='Tag', null=True, blank=True)

class Tag(models.Model):
    """标签"""
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name='标签',max_length=32)

• Urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^drf/category/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
    url(r'^drf/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
    url(r'^new/category/$', views.NewDrfCategory.as_view()),
    url(r'^new/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.NewDrfCategory.as_view()),
    url(r'^drf/article/$', views.DrfArticle.as_view()),
    url(r'^drf/article/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DrfArticle.as_view()),
]

• Views.py

# 无外键的表进行增删改查

from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
from rest_framework import serializers

class NewCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Category
        fields = '__all__'

class NewDrfCategory(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        if not pk:
            queryset = models.Category.objects.all()
            ser = NewCategorySerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            queryset = models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
            ser = NewCategorySerializer(instance=queryset, many=False)
            return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ser = NewCategorySerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():		# 数据校验和modelform类似
            ser.save()				# 返回值为保存的数据对象；括号里也可以添加键值对，可以指定字段。
            return Response('ok')
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        queryset = models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
        ser = NewCategorySerializer(instance=queryset, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response('ok')
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')
      

# 有外键的表增删改查

class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    ### 第一种可以获取外键关联表数据的方法 ####
    # 无choices选择的字段
    cates_name = serializers.CharField(source='cates.name', required=False)

    # 有choices选择的字段
    article_status = serializers.CharField(source='get_status_display', required=False)
    # 名称如果和字段名称一样，会覆盖从数据库中获取的数据；当前端提交数据的时候会出问题，这时可以定义两个类分开进行查询和存储提交的数据。
    # required=False:是否需要，False表示在接收添加数据时不会对这个字段进行检查

    ### 第二种可以获取外键关联表数据的方法 ####
    aa = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    bb = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
    tag_info = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    class Meta:
        model = models.Article
        # fields = '__all__' 	# 包含上面自定义的获取外键的字段
        fields = ('id','title','summary','content','cates','cates_name','status','article_status','aa','bb','tag_info')
        # depth = 1         # 查询外键关联的表的所有字段数据，数字1表示查询到1层关联表，最大为10.

    ### 如果要采用第二种方法，必须按照下面的格式写。
    def get_aa(self,obj):
        return obj.cates.name

    # 针对有choices选择的字段
    def get_bb(self,obj):
        return obj.get_status_display()

    ## 针对ManyToManyField关系的字段
    def get_tag_info(self,obj):
        tag_list = [{"id":tag_msg.id,"title":tag_msg.title} for tag_msg in obj.tag.all()]
        return tag_list


class DrfArticle(APIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        if not pk:
            queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
            ser = ArticleSerializer(instance=queryset, many=True)
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            queryset = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
            ser = ArticleSerializer(instance=queryset, many=False)
            return Response(ser.data)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        ser = ArticleSerializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response('ok')
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        全部更新，需要提交所有字段的数据
        :param request:
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        queryset = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
        ser = ArticleSerializer(instance=queryset, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response('ok')
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        局部更新，只需要提交需要修改的字段数据即可
        :param request:
        :param args:
        :param kwargs:
        :return:
        """
        pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        queryset = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
        ser = ArticleSerializer(instance=queryset, data=request.data,partial=True)  # partial=True 是否开启局部更新
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response('ok')
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)