python 包管理工具的安装和用法

pip 是 Python 包管理工具,该工具提供了对Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。

目前如果你在 python.org 下载最新版本的安装包,则是已经自带了该工具。

注意:Python 2.7.9 + 或 Python 3.4+ 以上版本都自带 pip 工具。

pip 官网:https://pypi.org/project/pip/

通过 官网下载  pip.tar 文件

解压,通过  python  执行其中的 setup.py       python setup.py install 文件可能会报错  ImportError: No module named setuptools

需要 setuptoll   https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/#files 

 和 pip 一样  python setup.py install 

你可以通过一下命令来判断是否已经安装pip

pip --version     # Python2.x 版本命令
pip3 --version    # Python3.x 版本命令

如还没安装 可以使用以下方法来安装

$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py   # 下载安装脚本
$ sudo python get-pip.py    # 运行安装脚本
# 注意:用那个python运行的脚本,pip 就被关联到那个版本,

 也可以直接尝试Linux 的包管理器直接安装

sudo apt-get install python-pip

修改镜像源

临时使用

pip install requests -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple  --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

设为默认 需要 pip 版本大于10.0.0

pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

python 国内镜像源

阿里云:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
中国科技大学:https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
豆瓣(douban):http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
清华大学:https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
中国科学技术大学:http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

 

如python2 和python3 中同时都有 pip

则可以 python2  -m pip ....      or python3 -m pip .....

 

 

pip 常用命令

pip -h  帮助信息

Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]

Commands:
  install                     Install packages.
  download                    Download packages.
  uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
  freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
  list                        List installed packages.
  show                        Show information about installed packages.
  check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
  config                      Manage local and global configuration.
  search                      Search PyPI for packages.
  cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
  index                       Inspect information available from package indexes.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
  completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
  debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
  help                        Show help for commands.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --debug                     Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of logging them to stderr.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

 

安装包

pip install paramiko  # latest version
pip install paramiko==1.0.1 #specified version
pip install paramiko>=1.0.4 # 最小版本

升级包

pip install --upgrade django #upgrade package

 more install usage :

  pip install -h

Usage:   
  pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
  pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
  pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...

Description:
  Install packages from:
  
  - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers.
  - VCS project urls.
  - Local project directories.
  - Local or remote source archives.
  
  pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide
  an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed.

Install Options:
  -r, --requirement <file>    Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times.
  -c, --constraint <file>     Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple times.
  --no-deps                   Don't install package dependencies.
  --pre                       Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable versions.
  -e, --editable <path/url>   Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.
  -t, --target <dir>          Install packages into <dir>. By default this will not replace existing files/folders in <dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> with new versions.
  --platform <platform>       Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the platform of the running system. Use this option multiple times to specify multiple platforms supported by the target interpreter.
  --python-version <python_version>
                              The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python" compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated integers (e.g. "3" for
                              3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
  --implementation <implementation>
                              Only use wheels compatible with Python implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp',  or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current interpreter implementation is used.  Use 'py' to force implementation-agnostic wheels.
  --abi <abi>                 Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. If not specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. Use this option multiple times to specify multiple abis supported by the target interpreter. Generally you
                              will need to specify --implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this option.
  --user                      Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\Python on Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE for full details.)
  --root <dir>                Install everything relative to this alternate root directory.
  --prefix <dir>              Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level folders are placed
  --src <dir>                 Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".
  -U, --upgrade               Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available version. The handling of dependencies depends on the upgrade-strategy used.
  --upgrade-strategy <upgrade_strategy>
                              Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled [default: only-if-needed]. "eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of whether the currently installed version satisfies the requirements of the upgraded package(s). "only-if-
                              needed" -  are upgraded only when they do not satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s).
  --force-reinstall           Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date.
  -I, --ignore-installed      Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. This can break your system if the existing package is of a different version or was installed with a different package manager!
  --ignore-requires-python    Ignore the Requires-Python information.
  --no-build-isolation        Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed if this option is used.
  --use-pep517                Use PEP 517 for building source distributions (use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour).
  --install-option <options>  Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install command (use like --install-option="--install-scripts=/usr/local/bin"). Use multiple --install-option options to pass multiple options to setup.py install. If you are using an option
                              with a directory path, be sure to use absolute path.
  --global-option <options>   Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install or bdist_wheel command.
  --compile                   Compile Python source files to bytecode
  --no-compile                Do not compile Python source files to bytecode
  --no-warn-script-location   Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH
  --no-warn-conflicts         Do not warn about broken dependencies
  --no-binary <format_control>
                              Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice the colons), or one or more package names with
                              commas between them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to install when this option is used on them.
  --only-binary <format_control>
                              Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them.
                              Packages without binary distributions will fail to install when this option is used on them.
  --prefer-binary             Prefer older binary packages over newer source packages.
  --require-hashes            Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a requirements file has a --hash option.
  --progress-bar <progress_bar>
                              Specify type of progress to be displayed [off|on|ascii|pretty|emoji] (default: on)
  --no-clean                  Don't clean up build directories.

Package Index Options:
  -i, --index-url <url>       Base URL of the Python Package Index (default https://pypi.org/simple). This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out in the same format.
  --extra-index-url <url>     Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the same rules as --index-url.
  --no-index                  Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).
  -f, --find-links <url>      If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, then look for archives in the directory listing. Links to VCS project URLs
                              are not supported.

General Options:
  -h, --help                  Show help.
  --debug                     Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of logging them to stderr.
  --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
  -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
  -V, --version               Show version and exit.
  -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
  --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
  --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
  --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
  --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
  --cert <path>               Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
  --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
  --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
  --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
  --disable-pip-version-check
                              Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
  --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
  --no-python-version-warning
                              Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
  --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
  --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

 

posted @ 2022-07-27 20:16  Orientation  阅读(461)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报