python 包管理工具的安装和用法
pip 是 Python 包管理工具，该工具提供了对Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。
目前如果你在 python.org 下载最新版本的安装包，则是已经自带了该工具。
注意：Python 2.7.9 + 或 Python 3.4+ 以上版本都自带 pip 工具。
pip 官网：https://pypi.org/project/pip/
通过 官网下载 pip.tar 文件
解压，通过 python 执行其中的 setup.py python setup.py install 文件可能会报错 ImportError: No module named setuptools
需要 setuptoll https://pypi.org/project/setuptools/#files
和 pip 一样 python setup.py install
你可以通过一下命令来判断是否已经安装pip
pip --version # Python2.x 版本命令 pip3 --version # Python3.x 版本命令
如还没安装 可以使用以下方法来安装
$ curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py # 下载安装脚本 $ sudo python get-pip.py # 运行安装脚本
# 注意：用那个python运行的脚本，pip 就被关联到那个版本，
也可以直接尝试Linux 的包管理器直接安装
sudo apt-get install python-pip
修改镜像源
临时使用
pip install requests -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
设为默认 需要 pip 版本大于10.0.0
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
python 国内镜像源
阿里云:http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ 中国科技大学:https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/ 豆瓣(douban):http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ 清华大学:https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ 中国科学技术大学:http://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/
如python2 和python3 中同时都有 pip
则可以 python2 -m pip .... or python3 -m pip .....
pip 常用命令
pip -h 帮助信息
Usage: pip <command> [options] Commands: install Install packages. download Download packages. uninstall Uninstall packages. freeze Output installed packages in requirements format. list List installed packages. show Show information about installed packages. check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies. config Manage local and global configuration. search Search PyPI for packages. cache Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache. index Inspect information available from package indexes. wheel Build wheels from your requirements. hash Compute hashes of package archives. completion A helper command used for command completion. debug Show information useful for debugging. help Show help for commands. General Options: -h, --help Show help. --debug Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of logging them to stderr. --isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration. -v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times. -V, --version Show version and exit. -q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels). --log <path> Path to a verbose appending log. --no-input Disable prompting for input. --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port. --retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times). --timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds). --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort. --trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS. --cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information. --client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format. --cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>. --no-cache-dir Disable the cache. --disable-pip-version-check Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index. --no-color Suppress colored output. --no-python-version-warning Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons. --use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible. --use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
安装包
pip install paramiko # latest version pip install paramiko==1.0.1 #specified version pip install paramiko>=1.0.4 # 最小版本
升级包
pip install --upgrade django #upgrade package
more install usage ：
pip install -h
Usage: pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ... pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ... pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ... pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ... pip install [options] <archive url/path> ... Description: Install packages from: - PyPI (and other indexes) using requirement specifiers. - VCS project urls. - Local project directories. - Local or remote source archives. pip also supports installing from "requirements files", which provide an easy way to specify a whole environment to be installed. Install Options: -r, --requirement <file> Install from the given requirements file. This option can be used multiple times. -c, --constraint <file> Constrain versions using the given constraints file. This option can be used multiple times. --no-deps Don't install package dependencies. --pre Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable versions. -e, --editable <path/url> Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url. -t, --target <dir> Install packages into <dir>. By default this will not replace existing files/folders in <dir>. Use --upgrade to replace existing packages in <dir> with new versions. --platform <platform> Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the platform of the running system. Use this option multiple times to specify multiple platforms supported by the target interpreter. --python-version <python_version> The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python" compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0). --implementation <implementation> Only use wheels compatible with Python implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp', or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current interpreter implementation is used. Use 'py' to force implementation-agnostic wheels. --abi <abi> Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. If not specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. Use this option multiple times to specify multiple abis supported by the target interpreter. Generally you will need to specify --implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this option. --user Install to the Python user install directory for your platform. Typically ~/.local/, or %APPDATA%\Python on Windows. (See the Python documentation for site.USER_BASE for full details.) --root <dir> Install everything relative to this alternate root directory. --prefix <dir> Installation prefix where lib, bin and other top-level folders are placed --src <dir> Directory to check out editable projects into. The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src". -U, --upgrade Upgrade all specified packages to the newest available version. The handling of dependencies depends on the upgrade-strategy used. --upgrade-strategy <upgrade_strategy> Determines how dependency upgrading should be handled [default: only-if-needed]. "eager" - dependencies are upgraded regardless of whether the currently installed version satisfies the requirements of the upgraded package(s). "only-if- needed" - are upgraded only when they do not satisfy the requirements of the upgraded package(s). --force-reinstall Reinstall all packages even if they are already up-to-date. -I, --ignore-installed Ignore the installed packages, overwriting them. This can break your system if the existing package is of a different version or was installed with a different package manager! --ignore-requires-python Ignore the Requires-Python information. --no-build-isolation Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed if this option is used. --use-pep517 Use PEP 517 for building source distributions (use --no-use-pep517 to force legacy behaviour). --install-option <options> Extra arguments to be supplied to the setup.py install command (use like --install-option="--install-scripts=/usr/local/bin"). Use multiple --install-option options to pass multiple options to setup.py install. If you are using an option with a directory path, be sure to use absolute path. --global-option <options> Extra global options to be supplied to the setup.py call before the install or bdist_wheel command. --compile Compile Python source files to bytecode --no-compile Do not compile Python source files to bytecode --no-warn-script-location Do not warn when installing scripts outside PATH --no-warn-conflicts Do not warn about broken dependencies --no-binary <format_control> Do not use binary packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all binary packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice the colons), or one or more package names with commas between them (no colons). Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to install when this option is used on them. --only-binary <format_control> Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas between them. Packages without binary distributions will fail to install when this option is used on them. --prefer-binary Prefer older binary packages over newer source packages. --require-hashes Require a hash to check each requirement against, for repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a requirements file has a --hash option. --progress-bar <progress_bar> Specify type of progress to be displayed [off|on|ascii|pretty|emoji] (default: on) --no-clean Don't clean up build directories. Package Index Options: -i, --index-url <url> Base URL of the Python Package Index (default https://pypi.org/simple). This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out in the same format. --extra-index-url <url> Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the same rules as --index-url. --no-index Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead). -f, --find-links <url> If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, then look for archives in the directory listing. Links to VCS project URLs are not supported. General Options: -h, --help Show help. --debug Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of logging them to stderr. --isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration. -v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times. -V, --version Show version and exit. -q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels). --log <path> Path to a verbose appending log. --no-input Disable prompting for input. --proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port. --retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times). --timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds). --exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort. --trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS. --cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information. --client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format. --cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>. --no-cache-dir Disable the cache. --disable-pip-version-check Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index. --no-color Suppress colored output. --no-python-version-warning Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons. --use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible. --use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.
