EF oral study notes 04 -- level 16

7 Level 16

7.1 Science and technology

7.1.1 Predicting the future

1,

reclusive 隐居的

paparazzi 狗仔队

gossip columnists 漫谈专栏作家

privacy 隐私

celebrity 名人

obsessed 痴迷的

2, 使用类似表达对将来进行预测。

Our greed may slap us in the face.

我们的贪婪可能让我们自取其辱。

Our misuse of natural resources will come back to haunt us.

我们滥用自然资源，最终会让自己深受其害。

If you believe my horoscope, next week is bound to be bleak.

如果你相信我的占星术，下周一定很黯淡。

I don’t foresee myself making any big changes.

我预见自己没有什么重大的改变。

By no stretch of the imagination should we worry about the world coming to an end.

无论怎么想像，我们都用不着担心世界末日会到来。

使用类似表达提出合理的建议。注意，这些表达的语气可能相当强烈。

Use your common sense.

用用你的常识。

Get real.

别幻想了。

It’s time to get back to basics and stop being so greedy.

是时候回归根本，不能再这么贪婪了。

I ' d like to find the charlatans and give them a piece of my mind.

我想把那些庸医找到，好好把他们训一顿。

3, 事实可以用来作为观点和预测的基点。它们还可以为观点带来更多的可信度。让我们来看看表明某事是事实，而不仅仅是观点的短语。

It’s common knowledge that productivity increases when employees are well rested.

当员工休息得很好的时候，生产カ提高，这是常识。

It’s proven that employees are more efficient when using familiar, well - liked devices.

已经证明，当使用熟悉的，很喜欢的设备时，员工是更有效的。

I know for a fact that the number of freelance positions has increased by 30% in the last 10 years.

我知道事实上自由职业岗位的数量在过去十年增加了30%。

It’s been confirmed that some companies are offering discounts on insurance premiums.

已经证实，一些公司在提供保险费折扣。

7.1.2 Discussing a new technology

1, 识别讽刺

您可以使用讽刺来表达对陈述或预测的怀疑。你说的话听起来像是协议或信仰，但你说出来的方式却恰恰相反。当讽刺地说话时，你可以使用较低的音高并在副词上施加夸张的重音。让我们来看一些表达这一点的短语。

That will definitely happen.

I’m totally convinced.

That’s absolutely true.

You’re definitely right about that.

I’m completely sure that will happen.

I heard that by next year there will be a hotel in space.

Oh, yes. I’m completely sure that will happen.

在上面的对话中，第二个男人用一种讽刺的说法来表达他的怀疑态度，而且他不认为明年真的会在太空里有酒店。

2, It’s my fervent belief we’ll live on the moon.

我强烈地相信，我们将会生活在月球上。

I’m totally convinced we’ll run out of resources.

我完全相信我们会耗尽资源。

I believe in peace with every fiber of my being.

我极其相信和平是对的。

There’s not a doubt in my mind it will happen.

我丝毫没有怀疑这会发生。

He talks with utter conviction about the future.

他坚定地谈论着未来。

How on earth will that happen?

那怎么会发生？

You cannot be serious!

开玩笑吧！

What’s that got to do with anything?

那跟我们说的毫不相关啊！

7.1.3 Evaluating a new invention

1,轻点物品来听他们。

rotten 腐烂的

reshape 重塑

infancy 婴儿期，初期

copying 复制

imitate 模仿

exhibit 展览

perception 感知，看法

not - too - distant 继续

AI人工智能

artificial intelligence 人工智能

2, 你可以直接表述观点或说法，但有时可能显得粗鲁或不礼貌。在下列例子中，你可以 soften 用词，避免让听众强加于人。使用类似表达缓和观点或说法。

He has a tendency to argue with everyone.

It seems to me the process is quite risky.

With respect, you don’t have all the facts.

We’re playing with fire, in a way, and we might get burned.

We need more research, in my humble opinion.

It’s the most expensive project ever, if I’m not mistaken.

Seems interesting to me, but the jury’s still out.

不同的词性也有助于缓和观点或说法，这些包括：

Verbs: such as seem, tend, appear, indicate, suggest, suppose

Modals: such as might, could, may

Nouns: such as possibility, assumption, tendency, estimation Adjectives and

Adverbs: such as probable, quite, nearly, almost, apparently, somewhat

你也可以使用附加疑问句来缓和观点或说法。

It seems a little careless, doesn’t it?

3, 封闭式问题

封闭式提问有一种明确的答案，答案不会变化。

Did you see that sci - fi show on TV last night?

No, I didn’t.

开放式的问题

开放式提问有多种可能的答案，用于获知观点或说明。

How do you feel about a robot with emotions?

It’s a little strange. l ' m not sure that I like the idea.

在该场合中，人们可以从多个角度回答问题。

引导性问题

您可以使用否定问题来尝试让某人为您提供所需的答案。这是引导某人同意你的一种方式。

Don’t you think that a robot with emotions is just wrong?

Well, maybe you’re right. I’m not sure.

当别人问引导性问题时，你通常都会知道他们想听到的答案。

奉承式的问题

要想获得你想要的答案，另一种方法是赞扬或 butter up 被提问的人。

Why don’t you use your incredible knowledge of robotics and interview the professor?

Oh, all right. I’ll do the interview.

提出问题的人称赞听众对机器人的了解，以说服他人。

4, 他们想要什么吗？

人们有时会用赞美的方式来‘奉承’某人。当他们需要帮助或想要某人为他们做些什么时，他们会用一种使他们想同意的方式来称赞他们。

You know dogs love you .你知道狗儿们都爱你。

None of my other friends are as organized and good at research as you are.

我的其他朋友都没有像你一样有组织和善于研究。

在这些例子中，杰西卡不是真诚地赞美艾拉，而是

使用赞美来说服她帮忙。这里是更多的使用赞美来奉承人的几个例子。

But you know so much about space! Don’t you want to put that awesome knowledge to good use?

但你知道这么多关于太空的事！难道你不希望把那么棒的知识很好地利用吗？

You’re so patient and detail - oriented. Don’t you think you ' d be the best person for the job?

你这么耐心和注重细节。难道你不认为你会是这个职位的最佳人选吗？

You always know the right thing to say.你总是知道该说什么话。

5,

He has a tendency to argue with everyone.

It seems to me the process is quite risky.

With respect, you don’t have all the facts.

We’re playing with fire, in a way, and we might get burned.

We need more research, in my humble opinion.

It’s the most expensive project ever, if I’m not mistaken.

Seems interesting to me, but the jury’s still out .

7.1.4 Writing about robots in society

1, Simile and metaphor 明喻和暗喻

记住你可以用明喻和暗喻来使你的语言更加丰富多彩。

明喻

比喻是使用单词‘像’的比较。罗伯特．伯恩斯，著名的苏格兰诗人，写下了最有名的英语明喻之一。

My love’s like a red, red rose, that’s newly sprung in June.

我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰，六月里迎风初开。

暗喻

隐喻与明喻非常相似，但没有“像”这个词。英国剧作家威廉莎士比亚经常在戏剧中使用隐喻。其中一个最着名的比喻是他的戏剧' As You Like lt ’(《皆大欢喜》)。

Al the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.

世界就像舞台，男男女女就是舞台上的演员。

2,Softening an opinion 软化观点

延伸暗喻

正如你以前学过的，暗喻是将两个不同的东西进行比较。说话人有时会通过在他们之后的谈话或讲话中使用同一主题的相似的暗喻来继续他们的暗喻。通过了解最初的暗喻，你可以为进一步类似的暗喻做好准备。让我们来看一些例子。

The world is a stage .世界是一个舞台。

People are merely actors in the play of life.

人们只是在人生的戏剧里的演员。

compliments are the applause we crave.

赞美是我们渴望的掌声。

在这些例子中，所有的一切都与戏剧作品相比。世界＝舞台；人＝演员；赞美＝掌声。所有这些暗喻都遵循相同的主题，形成了一个暗喻链或扩展的暗喻。下面是更多的几个例子。

The classroom was a zoo.

教室是一个动物园。

The children were swinging from the rafters.

孩子们像在椽子上摆来摆去样地挤来挤去。

He is the light of my life.

他是我的生命之光。

Everything’s brighter when he’s around.

当他在的时候一切都更加明亮。

3,

By 2050, scientists will have perfected robot intelligence.

到2050年，科学家将会完善机器人的智能。

It will equal, if not outstrip, that of human intelligence.

它将等同于，如果没有超过的话，人类的智慧。

Over the next few years, Japan will be investigating new technologies.

在接下来的几年中，日本将会研究新的技术。

We are planning to have a service robot in operation by this time next year.

我们计划在明年的这个时候有一个服务机器人。

Robots are being built to mimic human characteristics.

机器人正在建造成能模仿人类的性格。

Wow - the features on that robot make it look just like my uncle!

哇一那个机器人的特性使得它看起来就像我的叔叔！

Robots in car factories have made the assembly line even more efficient.

汽车厂的机器人使装配线更加高效。

Robots have limited skills, so they are often put to menial jobs.

机器人技术有限，所以它们往往做技术含量低的工作。

Anthropomorphic robots make me nervous. They look too much like humans.

拟人机器人让我紧张。它们看起来太像人类。

Why do we want non - human things to be sentient?

为什么我们要让非人类的东西有感情呢？

7.1.5 Private course

Email Address: nonceba.shandu@ef.com

Areas For Improvement

A: E: I: O: U

"We can do more exploring about the universal" Rather Say "We can do more exploring in the universe"

"I think I will leave it to the scientists"

Target language

• Set phrases for talking about your convictions: I think it's pretty likely that ________ . / It's my belief that ________ . / I've always believed that ____ . / I try and keep my mind open to new ideas, but ____ . / There is absolutely no way that ____ is within the realm of possibility. / It's all a bit far-fetched, if you ask me

7.2 Fame and fortune

7.2.1 Talking about celebrities

1， Time sequencers 时间顺序

在叙述故事或描述事件时，你可以使用不同的时态和时间表达。为了让写作更有趣，你可以尝试不同的事件顺序，比如使用 fashbacks ，带读者回到过去。

以下是一些安排一系列事件的顺序的方法，以及相关的时间表达。在该从句中，时间短语使用一般过去时，后接逗号和一般过去时。

As soon as I saw him, I knew.

在该从句中，时间短语使用一般过去时，后接逗号和过去完成时。

By the time I realized she was the killer, she had disappeared.

搭配 before 使用的过去完成时。大家都明白，before 是省略词，这里包含 that day 的含义。

We’d met somewhere before.

一个表示将来事件的短语动词，但从过去进行审视。

This time next week, l ' d be in Berlin.

短语意为 from then until the present 。

To this day, I see his face.

词义为 before，后接 to 和现在完成时。

Prior to seeing him in the flesh, …

词义为 ago ，后接逗号。

Ten years back, l’d met him.

2, When did it happened? 这是什么适合发生的？

正如你之前学习的，你可以在叙述一个故事或描述一个事件时使用不同的时态和时间短语。这使得你的故事更有趣。通过在故事中使用不同的时间，你可以给它更多的维度。

使用时间序列词还能让你得以描述故事中带有时间的事件而不必按发生的顺序列举它们。看看这个例子：

As soon as I heard her voice, I knew who she was. We ' d performed a duet together before. By the time I got to that stage, she was finished singing.

在本例中事情是以什么顺序发生的？首先，他们一起唱二重唱；然后，他听到了她的声音，并且认出了她。她唱完后，他来到了她表演的舞台。

在叙述过程中这些事件是按顺序描述的吗？不是。讲话者使用时间序列词是为了让听者了解一切发生的时间。当有人在讲故事时，仔细听其中的时间序列词，这样你就会完整地理解故事发生的顺序。也要仔细听与时间序列词使用的时态。一些时间序列词可以用不同的时态来描述不同的时间。看看这个例子。

Five weeks back, I wrote the outline for a screenplay. As soon as I finished writing, I called my agent. By the time the day was over, he had already arranged for me to pitch it to the studio.

Five weeks back, I had an idea for a screenplay. As soon as I finish writing the outline, I’ll call my agent. By the time l’m ready, my agent will have arranged for me to pitch it to the studio.

在第一个例子中，本的大纲已经写完；他的经纪人已经来了，并且在那天将要结束时，他的经纪人安排了与工作室的一个会议。

在第二个例子中，他正在编写大纲。当他写完时，他会叫他的经纪人。在他准备好了之后，他的经纪人会为他与工作室安排一次会议。

3,

He’s very reclusive. He never goes out.

他很孤僻。他从不出去。

She’s going to pitch a script to the film studio.

她要说服电影工作室将一个剧本拍成电影。

The party was filed with movers and shakers.

晚会上尽是有影响力的人。

The script was written by an unknown wannabe.

剧本是由一个不知名的想成功的人写的。

His favorite genre of movie is science fiction.

他最喜欢的电影类型是科幻小说。

To this day, he talks about meeting that film star.

直到今天，他仍在谈遇见那个电影明星的事。

Prior to becoming famous, she was a waitress.

在成名之前，她是一个女服务员。

7.2.2 Discussing celebrity activism

1, 在你刚才听到的说话中，说话人用了一些在语法上有错误的短语。我们检查了它们并且看到它们应该如何修正。但是，是不是说话人这样使用它们就完全错了呢？实际上，不是的。在英语口语中，有很多语法上错误的说法已经被接受了，特别是在非正式的谈话中，甚至很多以英语为母语的人也不知道它们实际上是错的。让我们来看一些例子。哪个是正确的？

Me and my friends are going to a group build this weekend.

My friends and I are going to a group build this weekend.

使用正确语法的说法是 my friends and l 。 Me 和 I 作为宾语使用时有时会用错，像：

They gave the golden hammer award to my friends and I 。

正确的语法形式应该是 my friends and me。

下面的句子有什么问题呢？

There’s a lot of organizations raising money for breast cancer research. How’s you?

在这两个例子中，在该用 are 的地方错误地用了 is 。

I could care less about giving microloans to small entrepreneurs.

在这个例子中， couldn’t 被改为了 could 。这个短语意味着说话人对某事尽可能少的关心。把词改为 could 是说不通的，但在口语中却是十分常见的。

What a moving speech! He did good!

在这个例子中， good 应改为 well 因为它用做副词来描述他做的事怎么样。但是， good 代替副词 well 也十分常见。

Our local restaurant said they would donate 10% of today’s sales to help victims of domestic abuse.

在这个例子中， they 应该改成单数的 it ，因为它指的是餐厅。一些大公司，组织或其他实体在语法上应该用单数但通常被用作复数。

2, It gave their cause a real shot in the arm.

这给了他们的事业极大的鼓舞。

She made a terrible faux pas there.

她犯了一个可怕的失礼的错误。

No harm done, l ' d say.

我说没有受伤。

Al power to them.

再接再厉。加油吧。

He raised awareness about domestic abuse.

他提高了对家庭虐待的认识。

They don’t practice what they preach.

他们不言行一致。

Gotta be a good thing, right?

总得是一件好事，对吧？

7.2.3 Criticizing a celebrity

1, 这是什么意思？

惯用表达式为我们的说话添加色彩和个性，但它们对于英语学习者来说可能是很难的。一些习语你想一下是说得通的，而其他的习语似乎一点也说不通。当你听别人说话或者参与到谈话当中时，试图利用上下文来理解这个习语是什么意思。例如：

Paparazzi were following her while she visited a school in Africa that she’s helping to raise money for , and she was treating the children like they were servants ; asking them to get her things and do things for her . And she was really speaking down to them, too! When she realized she’d been caught on camera, was her face red!

在这个例子中，说话人描述女演员是怎样对待孩子的，所以你可以推测如果她 talked down to them 这是她对孩子不好的另一部分而且好显得她比他们强。接下来，当她意识到她的行为被拍摄下来了，她应该是感到尴尬，所以你可以推断出， was her face red 意思是什么。

Maybe he’s a yes - man though. I’m sure she wouldn’t still be with anyone who shared their real opinion of her actions.

在这个例子中，发言者说这位女演员不会一个说出自己想法的人在一起，所以你可以推断 a

yes - man 不会给出他们的真实意见。

2, 在销售中人们会说许多没有实际意义的话。这种类型的谈话使用大量的形容词并绕圈子。为了抓住重点，你可以忽略模糊的形容词和说话人给出的观点。听取事实和关键词。你可能需要像在这些例子中，从间接的信息中推断信息：

The kitchen is original to the house. And you can really see the care that went into the design. In my opinion, it’s the best layout for a kitchen. Everything is within reach. Look at the wonderful craftsmanship on the cabinets. They just don’t make them like this anymore. The appliances have held up so well. I think they work just as well now as when they were installed in the house.

厨房是房子原配的而且你可以看出设计的精心。在我看来，这是最好的厨房布局。一切都够得到。看看橱柜的精彩工艺。他们已经不再制作这样的了。器具还很好用。我认为它们现在跟刚安装的时候一样好用。

在此示例中，您可以通过查看提供间接信息的关键短语来推断厨房的年代。 Original to the house 意味着它们和房子一样古老。 They just don’t make them like this anymore 意味着在过去的某个特定时间按照特定的质量制造了出来。 The appliances have held up so well 意味着它们的使用状况良好，即它们已经旧了。

There are three bedrooms, all on the second floor. They are about standard size for bedrooms and each has its own closet. One of them has a fun sloped ceiling.

It would be great for children. They are newly painted and have plenty of room for the essential furniture.

三间卧室全在二楼。它们都是标准尺寸的卧室，每个都有自己的柜子。一个房间的倾斜天花板很有趣。这会适合孩子居住。这三间卧室都是最近粉刷过的并且有大量的空间放置基本的家具。

在这个例子中，你可以推断出卧室有点小。 About standard size 意味着它们不会被认为是大的。从 a sloped ceiling 的描述中来看，您可以推断出一个房间甚至更小，因为房间一侧的天花板变短了。最后，你可以假设 plenty of room for essential furniture 意味着没有任何摆放非必需家具的空间，因为它很小。

3, He’s an actor, not a diplomat. It’s not his place to represent the UN.

She’s an athlete, but she’s endorsing junk food! Such double standards!

Since he got involved in charity work, he’s got so conceited. He needs taking down a peg or two.

I’m sick and tired of hearing about that movie star’s charitable works!

That actress is a disgrace, spending all her money on frivolous things. I ' d like to give her a piece of my mind!

4, Last month, I was living in a trailer.

上个月我住在一辆拖车里。

I’Il have modern artworks in each bedroom.

我会在每间卧室装饰现代艺术品。

You don’t need a marble and gold kitchen.

你不需要大理石和黄金做成的厨房。

Pink chandeliers will look tacky.

粉色吊灯会显得俗气。

Your plan is too grandiose.

你的计划太华而不实了。

I want a 200-seat theater.

我想要一家能容纳200人的剧院。

7.2.4 Evaluating a friend's decorating ideas

1, 理解新概念

“当有人向你介绍您不了解或几乎无涉列的概念时，有几种方法可以用来引导对话的方向以便你获取理解它所需的信息。你可以做的一件事就是问一个直接的问题。例如，如果您的同事建议您尝试“ Problem Reversal ”，您可以请他们解释。

Can you tell me more about that?

关于那一点你能告诉我更多内容吗？

Oh. What’s that?

哦。那是什么？

直接问题的回复将是这个概念的解释。

另一种方法是与一个更常见的概念联系。例如，如果你的同事建议你尝试附带，你可能通过提问与头脑风暴进行关联：

Is that a type of brainstorming technique?

这是一种头脑风暴手法吗？

这个问题的回复会解释这个概念的意思以及它是如何与你已经有所理解的常见的概念联系到一起的。最后一个你可以采取的方法是问这个新概念如何与你已经熟悉的事物相比较。例如，如果你的同事建议你尝试反事实思维，你可以将它与你可能了解的技法相比较：

Is that like lateral thinking?

像横向思维一样吗？

How is that different from brainstorming?

如何不同于头脑风暴？

这一问题的回答会对你熟悉的概念与新概念的相同或不同之处做出解释。将已知的事物联系到未知的事物上可以更快更容易地去理解未知事物。

2, Lateral thinking helps you generate solutions.

横向思维可以帮助你想出解决方案。

Storyboarding is a way to stimulate creativity.

用图板串联情节是一种激发创意的方法。

Questorming helps you think of better questions.

问题头脑风暴帮助你想到更好的问题。

Random entry’s based on indirect techniques.

随机输入是基于间接技术。

By relating images to discussion, you get Ideas.

通过将图像与讨论关联起来，你会获得想法。

You make new connections and associations.

你做出新的连接和关联。

I can feel the creative juices flowing again.

我能感觉到创造的汁液又在流淌。

He is notorious for having writer’s block!

他常有思路枯竭的坏名声！

You should try loop writing; it really works for me.

你应该尝试环形写作；它真的适合我。

It’s good to switch gears when you’re stuck.

当你卡住的时候，改变一下是很好的。

I like the stream - of - consciousness approach.

我喜欢意识流的方法。

7.2.5 Private course

Hello and welcome to class!

Email address: ethan.chetty@ef.com

Let’s have a great lesson today!

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ethan Chetty. South Africa.

Reading, Writing, Family

Forrest. Beijing, China

Automotive testing (International company)

Learning English for work.

Taking daughter to park, learning English

Lesson: Fame and Fortune (ADV)

Talking about celebrity endorsements

Vocabulary:

Endorse: Support, give your approval of something

Publicity: Attention given by the media.

Positive

Negative

Image

media coverage

improve

status

help

Your good responses/sentences:

I think it's good.

But they don't know where the money goes.

If they really do what they say, it's really good for all of us.

Grammar tips: (This is better to say)

He donate lot of money to build up primary schools in remote areas.

He donates lot of money to build primary schools in remote areas.

He/She donates

They donate

They make more money to the charity.

They make more money for the charity.

Sometimes the publicity suspect that...

Sometimes the public suspect that...

That's why the publicity doesn’t want to talk to them

That's why the public doesn't want to talk to them

**Practice these areas:

Pronunciation:

publicity (pub / li / city)

To continue practicing your pronunciation, please go to: http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

For any technical problems during the lesson, please contact Customer Service:

http://www.englishtown.com/CustomerService/contactus/ContactusInSchool.aspx

7.3 Creative thinking

7.3.1 Solving a problem creatively

1, 理解一个故事

当有人在讲故事或分享经验时，他们可能没有以线性顺序描述事件。时间标记词和动词时态会帮助你了解事情发生的顺序。例如：

By the time we got to the park, it was closed.

我们到达公园的时候，它已经关门了。

Prior to visiting my mother, I had lunch with a friend.

在拜访我的母亲之前，我和一个朋友一起吃了午餐。

He studied at Northwest University. At the same time, he was painting portraits.

他曾就读于西北大学。与此同时，他绘制肖像。

在这些例子中时间序列词指出事件发生的顺序。公园在我们到达之前关闭了。我先吃午饭然后拜访了我的母亲。他在大学学习和画画是在同一时间。

当有人在描述他们的经历时，你也应该听取事件的因果。经常由于先发生的某件事可能导致了另一个事的发生。确定这点可以帮助理解。例如：

I had written several short stories, but wasn’t sure if they were any good. One night last summer I met a woman at a neighborhood party. She was a creative writing teacher at Southeastern University. She read my stories and had me send them to a literary magazine. Last month, I was published for the first time!

在这个例子中，老师读故事是原因，结果是他的故事出版了。因果关系也有助于建立事件顺序：他写故事＞老师读故事＞杂志出版了故事。

2, This loop writing technique really seemed to help a lot.

这种环形写作好像真的帮助很大。

I’m a visual person, so webbing really works for me.

我是一个视觉型的人，所以网状技巧真的很合适我。

I like using a more structured technique like listing.

我喜欢用一个更有条理的技巧，例如列表。

I’ve found the cubing technique to be a very effective way to get started.

我发现 Cubing 是一个很有效的开始的方法。

7.3.2 Overcoming artist's block

3, 表达观点

使用类似表达在对话中提出自己的观点。

That’s my honest opinion.

这是我真实的想法。

For what it’s worth, the sculptures will probably be vandalized.

无论如何，这些雕塑或许会遭受破坏。

If you want my two cents, public art is an expression of the public itself.

如果你想要我的拙见，公共艺术是公众自身的表达。

使用类似表达赞同他人的观点。

I was just thinking that myself.

我也在想那个。

I’m with you.

我支持你。

You have a point.

你说的有道理。

Tel me about it.

告诉我是什么。

使用类似表达反对他人的观点。

That’s not always the case.

情况并非总是如此。

Can’t see it, myself.

我没看出来。

Sorry, but I have to side with her on that.

对不起，可在那一点上我同意她的观点。

Over my dead body.

除非我死了。

千万注意， over my dead body 可能被人理解成一种威胁。

讨论各方如果变得懊恼或沮丧，这时可使用类似表达结束热烈的讨论。

Let’s just drop it, shall we?

让我们放弃吧，好吗？

Let’s agree to disagree.

让我们都认可我们的意见不会一致吧。

Whatever you say.

随便你说什么。

千万注意， whatever you say **语气中可能带有不满或表现出屈尊的意思。

7.3.3 Using creative writing techniques

1, Making compromises. 做出让步

当你给出观点时，你会持同意或不同意的意见，而且你可以用表达方式来显示你对某个立场的感觉有多强烈。在这节课中我们已经看了结束一个变得激烈的讨论的一些表达方式。另一个可能是做出让步。当你有不同的意见，你可以试着相互了解或做出让步来缓和激烈的讨论。当你听到任何一种这样的表达时，人们在暗示他们想要做出让步，而不是让事情变得激烈。认识到这点可以帮助你做出适当的反应。

Let’s find a happy medium.

让我们找到一个折中的方法。

How can we make this work?

我们如何使这个奏效？

What if …如果…

Let’s both take a step back.

让我们都退一步。

It’s a win - win situation.

这是一个双赢的局面。

7.3.4 Giving your opinion on forms of art

1, For what it’s worth, modern art is quite valuable.

无论怎么说，现代艺术都非常宝贵。

Tell me about it! Too many compromises.

可不是吗！折中的地方太多了。

That’s my two cents.

这是我的个人拙见。

Let’s agree to disagree.

让我们求同存异。

I’m with you.

我同意你的看法。

Over my dead body.

除非我死了。

7.4 Financial planning

7.4.1 Choosing an investment scheme

1, 说同一数字的不同方法

许多数字有不只一种读法。例如，当接近一百万或10亿时，你可以用一个标准的方式来说这个数字，用小数点或参指百万或十亿的部分。

200,00o/ two hundred thousand

200,000/0.2 million / point two million

200,00o/ nearly a quarter of a million

6,500,o00,000/ six billion five hundred million

6,500,000,000/6.5 billion / six point five billion

6,500,000,000/ six - and - a - half billion

当你在说小数点后面的数字时，你通常会将小数点后的每一个数字一个个地读出来，除非你指的是钱。当谈论钱时，人们可能会使用像美元和美分的单词，但是如果从上下文可以看出你所指的是钱时，他们也可能会省略它们。

7.38/ seven point three eight

$7.38/ seven dollars and thirty - eight cents

$7.38/ seven thirty - eight

28.16/ twenty - eight point one six

$28.16/ twenty - eight dollars and sixteen cents

$28.16/ twenty - eight sixteen

对于以千计的数字你可以使用一个标准的格式，或者你可以指出它们与百的关系。

1,384/one thousand three hundred eighty - four

1,384/ thirteen hundred and eighty – four

1,384/ thirteen eighty four

你可以对2000年后的年代以不同的方式来说：

2012/ two thousand twelve

2012/ two thousand and twelve

2012/ twenty twelve

2006/ two thousand six

2006/ two thousand and six

06/ oh six

2, Don’t judge a book by its cover.

不要以貌取人。

Con artists mask their true intentions.

骗子们掩饰他们真实的意图。

That idea sounds good in theory.

这个想法在理论上听起来不错。

The salesman’s claims were backed up with proof.

推销员的说法被证明是有跟据的。

This is all a bit out of the blue.

这有点出乎意料。

It sounds like a scam to me.

这对我来说听起来像一个骗局。

7.4.2 Discussing investments

1, 长，复杂的解释可能很难理解。这就是为什么说话人使用不同的方法以使解释更清晰，并吸引他们的听众。意识到这些技巧可以帮助你作为一个听众了解那些冗长的演讲。当某事被解释的时候，听说话人来定义它：

A bond is essentially a loan agreement between the bond issuer and an investor.

债券本质上是债券发行人与投资者之间的贷款协议。

当某事被解释的时候，听说话者对它进行分类：

A CD is a type of savings account.

定期储蓄是一种储蓄账户。

当某事被解释的时候，听说话人给出例子：

There are many different kinds of investments, such as stocks, bonds and CDs.

有许多不同种类的投资，如股票，债券和定期储蓄。

当某事被解释的时候，听说话者将它与其他的东西进行比较：

A CD is similar to a savings account in that you deposit money in a bank and receive interest on the amount.

定期储蓄和一个存款帐户类似，你把钱存入银行，并根据金额收取利息。

在冗长的解释中，说话人也会尝试使用不同的技巧来吸引听众。说话者可以使用一个假设的情况，来使某事更具描述性，如：

If you invest $1,000 in XYZ mutual fund and the compounded annual growth rate is 37.97%, then in five years your investment will be worth $5,000.

如果你投资1000美元在 XYZ 共同基金，年复合增长率是37.97%，那么在五年后你的投资将价值5000美元。

说话者可以用一个反问句来使论点更强大，例如：

Would you like to receive a dividend check every quarter?

你想每季度收到一次股息支票吗？

说话人可以使用个性化的内容，使信息在个人层面上更有关联性，如：

Starting a family changes your finances quite a bit. Let’s talk about some of the things you should do to prepare yourselves.

开始一个家庭很大程度上会改变你的财务。让我们谈论一些你应该做的事情来为你做好准备。

说话人可以用个人轶事来使内容不仅更加有相关性，也使它看起来好像说者与听者在进行对话，

如：

When I finished paying off my car loan, I kept putting the amount I had paid for the loan into a savings account.

当我还清了我的汽车贷款后，我不停地把我过去支付的贷款金额存到一个储蓄帐户中。

2,

Mutual funds are managed communally .共有基金是共同管理的。

Your fund manager should work assiduously.

你的基金经理应该努カ工作。

The interest rate for bonds is relatively loW.

债券的利率相对较低。

You can rapidly move assets for better returns.

你可以快速移动资产以获得更好的回报。

You should invest your money cautiously.

你应该谨慎投资。

Research your investments diligently.

认真研究你的投资。

7.4.3 Giving financial advice

1, 使用强调句来进行强调

在分裂句中，可以在一句中交代的信息分成两个部分，并都接动词。分裂句的目的是为了强调剧中某一要点。分裂句有许多种，以下是最常见的分裂句。注意，黑体单词的发音应该重读。

lt - cleft =

It is our budget that we need to organize.

Wh - cleft =

What we need to organize is our budget.

Al - cleft =

All we need to do is organize our budget.

Pseudo - cleft =

A budget is what we need to organize. Inferential - cleft =

It’s not that we have to organize the budget right now ; it’s just that we have to organize it very soon.

Demonstrative - cleft =

That is what we need to organize.

在最后一句中， that 是指预算。

2, The best thing is to consolidate your debt.

最好的办法是巩固你的债务。

The next thing is to identify assets you can sell.

下一件事是确定你可以出售的资产。

What you need to do is identify debts you can pay.

你所需要做的是找出你能偿还的债务。

What you should do is consider selling valuables.

你应该做的是考虑出售贵重物品。

All you need to do is make the debt manageable.

你所需要做的就是把债务变到可控制的程度。

7.4.4 Applying for a home loan

1, 轻点物品来听他们。

counterintuitive 违反常理的

munitions 军需品 soared 急剧增加 bank runs 银行挤兑 depression

萧条期

crash

破产

2, 当你在解释一个过程或要求某人做某事时，他们可能并不总是完全明白该做什么，或者为什么要这样做。在这种情况下，他们可能会以不同的方式向你表明这一点。首先，他们可能会直接地问我们。例如：

Why would you need those if you have the tax forms?

如果你有纳税申报表，你为什么还要这些？

What exactly is it you need?

你到底需要什么？

Could you go over that again? I’m not sure I’ve got it.

你能再说一次吗？我不确定我听懂了。

他们可能会为您提供解释以供您确认。例如：

To check our income?

检查我们的收入吗？

As long as we have enough income to pay the mortgage , the bank doesn’t need to know about our other assets, right?

只要我们有足够的收入支付贷款，银行不需要知道我们的其他资产，对吗？

So, we need to provide two years of tax forms?

那么，我们需要提供两年的纳税申报表吗？

他们可能会表现出犹豫。例如：

Hmm?

嗯？

在他们收到进一步的信息后，听的一方通常会表明他们现在明白了。如果他们不这样做，您应该确认他们是否理解或提供更多信息，如果线索表明他们需要。

Yes, that’s clear now.

是的，现在很清楚了。

Ah, I see now.

啊，我现在明白了。

OK. I think I understand now.

好的。我想我现在明白了。

I’ve got it.

我懂了。

7.5 Dealing with stress

7.5.1 Offering help and support

1, We obtained a mortgage from the bank.

The repayment period was 25 ears.

It took us a long time to save up for the deposit.

The mortgage company required copies of our tax returns.

They also wanted to see pay slips.

We had to provide proof of identity.

It was a long process, but it is a good investment.

7.5.2 Recommending a stress relief method

1, Try not to worry too much about it.

这件事试着不要太过担心。

Don’t be too hard on yourself.

对自己要求不要太高了。

You’ll bounce back.

你会重新振作起来。

At least things can’t get any worse.

至少情况不可能再糟糕了。

That must be hard to deal with.

那肯定很难应付。

You’ve been having such a terrible time of it .

这让你非常难受。

7.5.3 Offering sympathy

1, 客观和主观用语

在阅读时，能够区分事实和观点非常重要。在报道事实或他人的观点时，应使用 objective

language，不带感情色彩的词和短语。例如：

PMR was developed by Edmund Jacobsen.

It’s a technique designed to induce relaxation.

They claim that PMR promotes restful sleep.

Subjective language 则包含感情色彩的词和短语，可用于表达看法和观点。例如：

After yoga, your tension simply disappears like clouds in a breeze.

Don’t feel intimated; seemingly anyone can do it!

2, 当人们在讲述的故事有很多事情一个个的发生时，他们经常使用线索来帮助听者理解。你可以使用这些线索来理解是否有更糟糕的事情发生或事情在变得更好。你甚至可以判断是否发生了什么令人惊讶的事情。这些短语表明情况变得越来越糟糕：

If that wasn’t bad enough, he took all of the furniture.

如果那还不够坏，他拿走了所有的家具。

As if that wasn’t enough, she called her boss and told him what happened.

好像这还不够，她打电话给她的老板，并告诉他发生了什么事。

To make matters worse, they couldn’t pay the mortgage, and they lost the house.

更糟糕的是，他们不能支付住房贷款，他们失去了房子。

Just when I thought it couldn’t get any worse, it started to rain.

就在我以为它不会变得更糟的时候，天开始下雨了。

这些短语表明一些事情正在好转或者故事有好的一面：

On the bright side, she now has more time to go back to school and finish her degree.

好的一面，她现在有更多的时间回到学校，并完成她的学位。

The silver lining was that they really grew closer as a family.

值得慰籍的是他们成为一个更亲密的家庭。

这个短语表明，发生了一些令人惊讶的事情。请注意，这可能是一个好或坏的惊喜。

You’ll never believe what happened next!

你永远不会相信接下来发生了什么！

7.5.4 Dealing with stress

1, disrupt 妨碍，扰乱

Stressor 紧张性刺激

Enhance 提高

Trap 困住

Redress 纠正，补救

Traffic jam 交通堵塞

2，感官动词的一般现在时和现在进行时

使用感官动词的一般现在时描述与你的感官相关的事物。感官动词的现在进行时通常意思不同。- ing 行驶强调该动作 right now 正在发生。

I see the doctor. = I see the doctor with my sense of sight.

I‘m seeing Mary. = l’m dating Mary.

I‘m seeing a doctor on Thursday. = I have an appointment with a doctor on Thursday.

You can smell those beautiful flowers. = You smell them with your sense of smell.

I’m smelling your beautiful flowers. = l’m smelling them now.

Here are some more examples of sense verbs in the present simple and continuous.

I hear the traffic. = I hear the traffic with my sense of hearing.

I’m hearing things. = l’m experiencing sounds in my mind that no one else is experiencing.

I taste lemon in the tea. = I taste lemon with my sense of taste.

I’m tasting the tea. = l’m trying the tea to see what the flavors are like.

I feel the cold water. = I feel the cold with my sense of touch.

I’m feeling sick. = I’m experiencing sickness.

2, 正如你之前学到的，感觉动词﹣- see , hear , taste , feel , smell -﹣可以有与感觉本身有关的字面意义。但是，它们也可以有需要有时从上下文中找出的不同的含义。

还有其他的动词也可以有不同的含义。对于这些，你也必须使用上下文知道动词在一个特定的句子中的意思是什么。这里有一些例子；看看你是否可以猜出粗体词的意思：

I didn’t tell him to go hiking when it was foggy. Don’t put that on me.

Don’t put that on me.＝要负责任

She likes to put her talents to work at the craft fair.

She likes to put her talents to work.=用

I get what you’re saying.

I get what you’re saying.＝理解

Could I get paper instead of plastic bags?

Could I get paper ＝收到

He gets tired too quickly these days.

He gets tired too quickly these days.＝变得

Let’s do something tonight.

Let’s do something tonight.＝参加

He was done after the first kilometer. He sat and watched everyone else finish the 5K.

He was done after the first kilometer.＝退出

3, Useful expressions

It makes me want to quit my job.

这让我想辞掉工作。

It gives me a sense of peace and well-being.

这让我有一种安宁和幸福感。

It makes me so happy to be alive.

这让我觉得活着真好。

It reminds me of when I was a kid.

这让我想起了小时候。

I feel like singing and skipping.

我想又唱又跳。

I feel totally revitalized.

我感觉身心焕发新生。

7.6 Doing research

7.6.1 Discussing industrial espionage

1，analyzed 分析

functionality 功能性

retained 保留

modified 修改

value engineering 工程经济学

counterparts 对应的人或物

reverse engineering 逆向工程

industrial espionage 工业间谍

glamorous 富有魅力的

2，Anticipating information 预测信息

“听众通常会在潜意识中依赖环境来帮助他们理解所说的内容。在几乎任何情况下都是如此，从随意的谈话到商务谈判。想想你半途插入谈话的时候。需要一两分钟才能弄清楚正在讨论什么，因为你没有最初的背景来构建它。现在，想想打开电视看新闻节目。在没有听到故事的标题或主题的情况下，需要一段时间才能跟上内容。当您听到谈话，采访，演讲，报告等的标题或介绍时，您可以预测将包含哪些类型的信息。例如，听一下新闻报道的介绍：

Today we’re going to talk about one of a company ’ s greatest risks 一" the disgruntled employee '"

今天我们要谈的是一个公司的最大的风险一心怀不满的员工。

从这个介绍中，您可以预料听到有关不满意员工的信息，他们可以做些什么来损害公司以及如何防止这种情况发生。

如果讲座的标题是' International industrial

espionage : How countries are clawing ahead on the backs of deceit '，你可以预料会听到有关国际间谍活动目标的行业类型的信息，这种类型的间谍活动，开销是多少。您可以预见到有关黑客，勒索，知识产权等的听证会。“

3, Reverse engineering can be ethical .逆向工程也能不违反道德。

Gathering competitive intelligence is important.

收集竞争性情报很重要。 Insider trading is unethical.

内幕交易违背道德。

Corporate espionage is getting more common.

公司间谍活动正变得日益普遍。

There’s a fine line between ethical and unethical.

道德与不道德的界限非常微妙。

Disgruntled employees sometimes sell information.

不满的员工有时会出卖信息。

7.6.2 Evaluating product proposals

1, catastrophe 灾难

black hole 黑洞

origins 起源

mass 质量

theoretical 理论的

collider 对撞机

experiment 试验

cutting - edge 前沿

2, 缩短问题

当你非正式地讲话时，你可以放弃像 do 或 be 这样的辅助动词和问题开头的主语。例如，下面第一个问题的完整形式是， Are you living the dormitory life ?

Living the dormitory life?

住寝室吗？

Not getting enough sleep lately?

最近没睡好吗？

A little hot under the collar?

衣领下有点热吗？

Not a morning person?

不爱早起吗？

3, I’d like to run some ideas by you.

我想说一些我的想法给你听听。

I’ve got a prototype ready.

我已经准备好了原型。

l ' d love to get your opinion.

我想听听你的看法。

Who’s your target audience?

谁是你的目标受众？

What’s the product tagline?

产品的标语是什么？

7.6.3 Uncovering the truth behind myths

1, heedlessness 心不在焉，不注意

Arrogantly 傲慢地

Insolence 傲慢

Allusion 暗指

Myth 神话

Quest 探求

2，Fairytales are just stories.

童话只是故事。

Urban legends are just fables.

都市传奇只是传说而已。

Some urban legends aren’t very realistic.

有的都市传奇非常脱离现实。

Myths can be metaphors for society.

神话可以是社会的象征。

It’ just an old wives’ tale.

这只是一个无稽之谈。

Don’t be so gullible!

不要那么容易上当！

You’re naive if you really believe those stories.

如果你真的相信那些故事，那你太天真了。

7.6.4 Writing about a legendary creature

1, eureka moment 豁然

hymn book 赞美诗集

glue 胶水

determine 决定

displaced 离乡背井的

inspired 受神灵启示的；激发

research 研究

dedication 献身，致力

2, he first step to discovery is research.

发现的第一步是研究。

Scientists often hope for a eureka moment.

科学家经常希望灵光一现的时刻。

A good scientist must have dedication.

一个好的科学家必须有奉献精神。

The best ideas come when you least expect them.

最好的想法是在你最不期待的时候出现的。

Those who don’t believe in something are skeptics.

那些不相信某些事的人是持怀疑态度的人。

Observable patterns of behavior are trends.

可观察到的行为模式是趋势。