- Program and data are loaded to RAM from secondary storage because the time required to access a program instruction or piece of data from RAM is significantly less than from secondary storage.
| - program and data 程序和数据 |
| - be loaded to 被加载到 |
| - secondary storage 二级存储器 |
| - the time required 所需的时间 |
| - access a program instruction 访问程序指令 |
| - piece of data 数据片/数据段 |
| 程序和数据从辅助存储器加载到RAM中，因为从RAM中访问程序指令或数据所需的时间比从辅助存储器中访问要少得多。 |
- RAM is essentially a high-speed holding area for data and programs.
| RAM本质上是一个高速存储数据和程序的区域。 |
| - essentially 本质上 |
| |
| - a high-speed holding area for data and programs |
| |
- In fact, nothing really happens in a computer system until the program instructions and data are moved to the processor.
| - nothing really happends 什么都不会发生 |
- This transfer of instruction and data to the processor can be time-consuming, even at microsecond speeds.
| - transfer 转移 eg: technology transfer 技术转移 transfer coefficient 转移系数 |
| - time-consuming adj. 耗时的；旷日持久的 eg: a time-consuming job 耗时的工作； 耗时的任务 |
| - microsecond n. 微妙 |
- To facilitate an even faster transfer of instructions and data to the processor, most computers are designed with cache memory.
| - facilitate v. 使更容易；促进；推动 |
- Cache memory is employed by computer designers to increase the computer system throughput(the rate at which work is performed).
| - be employed by 被雇佣 |
| - computer designers 计算机设计师 |
| - computer system throughput 计算机系统吞吐量 |
| - the rate at which work is performed. 完成工作的速率 |
- With only a fraction of the capacity of RAM, cache memory holds only those instructions and data that are likely to be needed next by the processor.
| - a fraction of 一小部分；一部分 |
| - the capacity of ... ...能力；....容量 |
| - cache memory 高速缓冲存储器 |
| - instructions and data 指令和数据 |
| - be likely to be 很有可能 |
- Two types of cache memory appear widely in computers
| - two types of cache memory 两种类型的高速缓冲存储器 |
| - appear widely in computers 广泛出现在电脑中 |
- The first is referred to as internal cache and is built into the CPU chip.
| - be referred to 被提及 |
| - internal cache 内部缓存 |
| - be built into 使成为（计划、系统或协议的）组成部分 |
- A computer can have several different levels of cache memory.
| - several different levels of 几个不同的水平 |
| 一台计算机可以有几个不同级别的高速缓存存储器。 |
Words and Expressions
| * processor n. 处理机 - signal processor 信号处理机 |
| * primary storage 主存储器 |
| * scores of 许多 - scores of years ago 许多年前 |
| * control unit 控制部件 |
| * arithmetic and logic unit 算数逻辑部件 |
| * integral parts 不可缺的部分, |
| * tape and disk 磁盘和磁带 |
| * a state of the art(the state of the art) 目前工艺水平,最新发展水平 |
| * chip n. 炸薯条、芯片 |
| * secondary storage 辅助存储器；二级存储器 |
| * income reallocate 收入再分配 |
| * at a premium 非常珍贵 |
| * location n. 单元，位置 |
| * hardwired adj. 硬接线的 |
| * read-mostly adj. 以读为主的 |
| * nonvolatility n. 非易失性的 |
| * updatable adj. 可修改的 |
| * funcionality n. 功能性；函数性 |
| * throughput capacity 生产能力 |
| * be referred to as 称作，叫做 |
| * expansion n. 扩充；扩展 |
| * slot n. 插槽 |
| * power supply 电源；供电 |
| * floppy n. 软盘 |
| * literally 不加夸张的讲；确实 |
| * retrieve the appropriate 取出所需的 |
| * initiate 启动，初始化 |
| * SD - Secure Digital |
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