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在ASP.NET Core中使用Angular2，以及与Angular2的Token base身份认证

2016-11-17 09:12  微软一站式示例代码库  阅读(7121)  评论(16)  编辑  收藏  举报

注：下载本文提到的完整代码示例请访问：How to authorization Angular 2 app with asp.net core web api

在ASP.NET Core中使用Angular2，以及与Angular2的Token base身份认证

Angular2是对Angular1的一次彻底的，破坏性的更新。

相对于Angular1.x，借用某果的广告语，唯一的不同，就是处处都不同。

  • 首先，推荐的语言已经不再是Javascript，取而代之的TypeScript，(TypeScript = ES6 + 类型系统 + 类型注解), TypeScriipt的类型系统对于开发复杂的单页Web app大有帮助，同时编译成javascript后的执行效率也比大多数手写javascript要快。有兴趣的同学可以查阅官方文档：英文传送门 | 中文传送门。
  • 得益于彻底重构，性能相对于Angular1.x有了大幅提升，也更适合再全平台部署。
  • Angular2是基于Component的，Component可以理解为是1.x时代的Controller + $Scope + view
  • View的很多语法也做了更新，比如<li ng-repeat="movie in vm.movies"></li> 变成了 <li *ngFor="let movie of movies"></li>
  • 等等。。

关于Angular2，强烈建议查阅官方文档：英文传送门 | 中文传送门

废话不多说，接下来的内容中，将介绍如何将 Angular2 整合到 ASP.NET Core 中，并实现一个Anguar2 和 ASP.NET Core Web API 的身份认证。

 

注意：本文章属于Step by step + Code Sample教程，且篇幅较长，建议下载本Sample并跟着本文进度自己重做一遍本例，下载完整代码并分析代码结构才有意义，下载地址：How to authorization Angular 2 app with asp.net core web api

1.前期准备

  • 推荐使用VS2015 Update3或更新的版本完成本示例，下载地址：https://www.visualstudio.com/
  • 你需要安装.NET Core开发环境，这里提供VS版:https://www.microsoft.com/net/core#windows
  • 安装Node.js 版本5.0.0或以上，（在本例中，这个主要是编译TypeScript用的）下载地址：Node.js and NPM
  • NPM 3.0.0或以上，默认NPM会随着Node.js一并安装完毕。（在本例中，这个主要是下载各种Angular的各个包用的，参考VS中的Nuget）

2.创建项目

在VS中新建项目，项目类型选择 ASP.NET Core Web Application(.Net Core)，输入项目名称为：CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore，Template选择为Empty.

3.在项目中整合Angular2

3.1.配置Startup.cs

注：添加下面的代码时IDE会报代码错误，这是因为还没有引用对用的包，进入报错的这一行，点击灯泡，加载对应的包就可以了。

（图文无关）

在ConfigureServices中添加如下代码

services.AddMvc();

这里是添加MVC服务

在Configure中添加如下代码

app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseMvc(routes =>
{
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "default",
        template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}");
});

第一句是启用静态文件，第二句是应用MVC模式并添加路由配置。

 

完整的代码应该是这个样子

public class Startup
{
    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    // For more information on how to configure your application, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddMvc();
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
    {
        app.UseStaticFiles();

        app.UseMvc(routes =>
        {
            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "default",
                template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}");
        });
    }
}

3.2.添加控制器以及视图

3.2.1.在项目根目录下添加Controllers目录，并在其中添加一个控制器HomeController.cs，默认代码即可。

3.2.2.在项目跟目录下创建Views目录，在Views目录中新建目录Home, 最后在Home目录中新建视图Index.cshtml，内容应该是这样：

<html>
<head>
    <title>Angular QuickStart</title>
    <base href="/">
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 1. Load libraries -->
    <!-- Polyfill(s) for older browsers -->
    <script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"></script>
    <script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script>
    <!-- 2. Configure SystemJS -->
    <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
    <script>
      System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); });
    </script>
</head>
<!-- 3. Display the application -->
<body>
    <my-app>Loading...</my-app>
</body>
</html>

 

 现在运行项目的话你仅仅能看到一个Loading，再控制台中你还能看到错误，这是因为我们还没有配置Angular。让我们前往wwwroot目录。

3.3.在项目的wwwroot目录中添加如下结构:

3.3.1搭建Angular2基础环境

  • package.json

    {
  "name": "angular-quickstart",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "tsc && concurrently \"tsc -w\" \"lite-server\" ",
    "lite": "lite-server",
    "postinstall": "typings install",
    "tsc": "tsc",
    "tsc:w": "tsc -w",
    "typings": "typings"
  },
  "licenses": [
    {
      "type": "MIT",
      "url": "https://github.com/angular/angular.io/blob/master/LICENSE"
    }
  ],
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/common": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/compiler": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/core": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/forms": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/http": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.2",
    "@angular/router": "3.0.2",
    "@angular/upgrade": "2.0.2",
    "angular-in-memory-web-api": "0.1.5",
    "bootstrap": "3.3.7",
    "core-js": "2.4.1",
    "reflect-metadata": "0.1.8",
    "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12",
    "systemjs": "0.19.39",
    "zone.js": "0.6.25"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "concurrently": "3.0.0",
    "gulp": "^3.9.1",
    "lite-server": "2.2.2",
    "typescript": "2.0.3",
    "typings": "1.4.0"
  }
}

  • systemjs.config.js

    (function (global) {
    System.config({
        paths: {
            // paths serve as alias
            'npm:': 'node_modules/'
        },
        // map tells the System loader where to look for things
        map: {
            // our app is within the app folder
            app: 'app',
            // angular bundles
            '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js',
            '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js',
            '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js',
            '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js',
            '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js',
            '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js',
            '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js',
            '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',
            '@angular/upgrade': 'npm:@angular/upgrade/bundles/upgrade.umd.js',
            // other libraries
            'rxjs': 'npm:rxjs',
            'angular-in-memory-web-api': 'npm:angular-in-memory-web-api/bundles/in-memory-web-api.umd.js'
        },
        // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename and/or no extension
        packages: {
            app: {
                main: './main.js',
                defaultExtension: 'js'
            },
            rxjs: {
                defaultExtension: 'js'
            }
        }
    });
})(this);

  • tsconfig.js

    {
  "compileOnSave": true,
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "removeComments": false,
    "noImplicitAny": false
  },
  "exclude": [
    "node_modules"
  ]
}

  • typings.json(注，在最新文档中typings已被npm的@types替代，参见官方文档:文档变更日志)

    {
  "globalDependencies": {
    "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759",
    "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255",
    "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046"
  }
}

右击wwwroot中的Package.json,选择Restore Packages（或者在CMD下进入wwwroot目录，并执行命令 npm install）,npm会去下载需要的包,并存储于node_modules目录中。

3.3.2.配置启动文件以启用Angular2

在wwwroot下新建目录app,app拥有如下文件：

  • app.component.ts

    import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    moduleId: module.id,
    selector: 'my-app',
    template: "this is in angular2",
})
export class AppComponent {
}

    可以发现被@Component装饰属性装饰了AppComponent，selector指代你Component的占位符，比如本例中你可以再Home/index.cshtml中发现一段这样的标记

  • <my-app>Loading...</my-app>

    template既为该Component的View，不要忘记moduleId，不添加它会出现很多奇怪的问题。

  • app.module.ts

    import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser";

import { AppComponent } from "./app.component";

@NgModule({
    bootstrap: [AppComponent],
    imports: [
        BrowserModule
    ],
    declarations: [
        AppComponent
    ]
})
export class AppModule { }

  • main.ts

    import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';
const platform = platformBrowserDynamic();
platform.bootstrapModule(AppModule);

基础整合完毕。

按F5 Debug一下，现在你能再浏览器中看到一句话：this is in angular 2

 

---分割线-------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.实现身份认证

废了半天劲，看着很傻，没有任何成就感。怎么办，让我们再深入一点，接下来我们来为Angular2完成一个Token base的身份验证，我会把Angular2的routing,data bind,service,http,等等你工作中最常用到的挨个演示一遍。

4.1.Server端

4.1.1.创建一些辅助类

4.1.1.1.在项目根目录下创建一个文件夹Auth,并添加RSAKeyHelper.cs以及TokenAuthOption.cs两个文件

  • 在RSAKeyHelper.cs中

    using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace CSTokenBaseAuth.Auth
{
    public class RSAKeyHelper
    {
        public static RSAParameters GenerateKey()
        {
            using (var key = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048))
            {
                return key.ExportParameters(true);
            }
        }
    }
}

  • 在TokenAuthOption.cs中

    using System;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;

namespace CSTokenBaseAuth.Auth
{
    public class TokenAuthOption
    {
        public static string Audience { get; } = "ExampleAudience";
        public static string Issuer { get; } = "ExampleIssuer";
        public static RsaSecurityKey Key { get; } = new RsaSecurityKey(RSAKeyHelper.GenerateKey());
        public static SigningCredentials SigningCredentials { get; } = new SigningCredentials(Key, SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature);

        public static TimeSpan ExpiresSpan { get; } = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(20);
    }
}

4.1.1.2.在项目根目录下创建目录Model,并在其中添加RequestResult.cs，代码应该是这样。

public class RequestResult
{
    public RequestState State { get; set; }
    public string Msg { get; set; }
    public Object Data { get; set; }
}

public enum RequestState
{
    Failed = -1,
    NotAuth = 0,
    Success = 1
}

4.1.2更新Startup.cs

在ConfigureServices中添加如下代码：

services.AddAuthorization(auth =>
{
    auth.AddPolicy("Bearer", new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
        .AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme‌​)
        .RequireAuthenticatedUser().Build());
});

这里是添加身份认证服务

在Configure方法中添加如下代码：

app.UseExceptionHandler(appBuilder =>
{
    appBuilder.Use(async (context, next) =>
    {
        var error = context.Features[typeof(IExceptionHandlerFeature)] as IExceptionHandlerFeature;

        //when authorization has failed, should retrun a json message to client
        if (error != null && error.Error is SecurityTokenExpiredException)
        {
            context.Response.StatusCode = 401;
            context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";

            await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult
            {
                State = RequestState.NotAuth,
                Msg = "token expired"
            }));
        }
        //when orther error, retrun a error message json to client
        else if (error != null && error.Error != null)
        {
            context.Response.StatusCode = 500;
            context.Response.ContentType = "application/json";
            await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult
            {
                State = RequestState.Failed,
                Msg = error.Error.Message
            }));
        }
        //when no error, do next.
        else await next();
    });
});

本段是Handle当身份认证失败时抛出的异常，并返回合适的json

在相同的方法中添加另外一段代码：

app.UseJwtBearerAuthentication(new JwtBearerOptions()
{
    TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
    {
        IssuerSigningKey = TokenAuthOption.Key,
        ValidAudience = TokenAuthOption.Audience,
        ValidIssuer = TokenAuthOption.Issuer,
        // When receiving a token, check that we've signed it.
        ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
        // When receiving a token, check that it is still valid.
        ValidateLifetime = true,
        // This defines the maximum allowable clock skew - i.e. provides a tolerance on the token expiry time 
        // when validating the lifetime. As we're creating the tokens locally and validating them on the same 
         // machines which should have synchronised time, this can be set to zero. Where external tokens are
        // used, some leeway here could be useful.
        ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(0)
    }
});

本段代码是应用JWTBearerAuthentication身份认证。

4.1.3.TokenAuthController.cs

在Controllers中新建一个Web API Controller Class，命名为TokenAuthController.cs。我们将在这里完成登录授权，

在同文件下添加两个类，分别用来模拟用户模型，以及用户存储，代码应该是这样:

public class User
{
    public Guid ID { get; set; }
    public string Username { get; set; }
    public string Password { get; set; }
}

public static class UserStorage
{
    public static List<User> Users { get; set; } = new List<User> {
        new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user1",Password = "user1psd" },
        new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user2",Password = "user2psd" },
        new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user3",Password = "user3psd" }
    };
}

接下来在TokenAuthController.cs中添加如下方法

private string GenerateToken(User user, DateTime expires)
{
    var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
    
    ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(
        new GenericIdentity(user.Username, "TokenAuth"),
        new[] {
            new Claim("ID", user.ID.ToString())
        }
    );

    var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
    {
        Issuer = TokenAuthOption.Issuer,
        Audience = TokenAuthOption.Audience,
        SigningCredentials = TokenAuthOption.SigningCredentials,
        Subject = identity,
        Expires = expires
    });
    return handler.WriteToken(securityToken);
}

该方法仅仅只是生成一个Auth Token,接下来我们来添加另外一个方法来调用它

在相同文件中添加如下代码

[HttpPost]
public string GetAuthToken(User user)
{
    var existUser = UserStorage.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Username == user.Username && u.Password == user.Password);

    if (existUser != null)
    {
        var requestAt = DateTime.Now;
        var expiresIn = requestAt + TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan;
        var token = GenerateToken(existUser, expiresIn);

        return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new {
            stateCode = 1,
            requertAt = requestAt,
            expiresIn = TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan.TotalSeconds,
            accessToken = token
        });
    }
    else
    {
        return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new { stateCode = -1, errors = "Username or password is invalid" });
    }
}

 

接下来我们来完成授权部分，在相同的文件中添加如下代码：

public string GetUserInfo()
{
    var claimsIdentity = User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;

    return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult
    {
        State = RequestState.Success,
        Data = new
        {
            UserName = claimsIdentity.Name
        }
    });
}

为方法添加装饰属性

[HttpGet]
[Authorize("Bearer")]

第二行代码说明这个action需要身份验证。

该文件完整的代码应该是这个样子：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore.Auth;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Security.Principal;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore.Model;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;


namespace CSAuthorAngular2InASPNetCore.Controllers
{
    [Route("api/[controller]")]
    public class TokenAuthController : Controller
    {
        [HttpPost]
        public string GetAuthToken([FromBody]User user)
        {
            var existUser = UserStorage.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.Username == user.Username && u.Password == user.Password);

            if (existUser != null)
            {
                var requestAt = DateTime.Now;
                var expiresIn = requestAt + TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan;
                var token = GenerateToken(existUser, expiresIn);

                return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult
                {
                    State = RequestState.Success,
                    Data = new
                    {
                        requertAt = requestAt,
                        expiresIn = TokenAuthOption.ExpiresSpan.TotalSeconds,
                        tokeyType = TokenAuthOption.TokenType,
                        accessToken = token
                    }
                });
            }
            else
            {
                return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult
                {
                    State = RequestState.Failed,
                    Msg = "Username or password is invalid"
                });
            }
        }

        private string GenerateToken(User user, DateTime expires)
        {
            var handler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();

            ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(
                new GenericIdentity(user.Username, "TokenAuth"),
                new[] {
                    new Claim("ID", user.ID.ToString())
                }
            );

            var securityToken = handler.CreateToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
            {
                Issuer = TokenAuthOption.Issuer,
                Audience = TokenAuthOption.Audience,
                SigningCredentials = TokenAuthOption.SigningCredentials,
                Subject = identity,
                Expires = expires
            });
            return handler.WriteToken(securityToken);
        }

        [HttpGet]
        [Authorize("Bearer")]
        public string GetUserInfo()
        {
            var claimsIdentity = User.Identity as ClaimsIdentity;

            return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(new RequestResult
            {
                State = RequestState.Success,
                Data = new
                {
                    UserName = claimsIdentity.Name
                }
            });
        }
    }

    public class User
    {
        public Guid ID { get; set; }

        public string Username { get; set; }

        public string Password { get; set; }
    }

    public static class UserStorage
    {
        public static List<User> Users { get; set; } = new List<User> {
            new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user1",Password = "user1psd" },
            new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user2",Password = "user2psd" },
            new User {ID=Guid.NewGuid(),Username="user3",Password = "user3psd" }
        };
    }
}

 

4.2Angular2端

4.2.1创建View Model

在wwwroot/app下创建一个目录：_model， 并添加一个Typescript文件RequestResult.ts，内容应该是这样。

export class RequestResult {
    State: number;
    Msg: string;
    Data: Object;
}

 

4.2.2创建Service

在wwwroot/app下创建一个目录：_services，并添加一个Typescript文件auth.service.ts，内容应该是这样。

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { Headers, Http } from "@angular/http";
import "rxjs/add/operator/toPromise";

import { RequestResult } from "../_model/RequestResult";

@Injectable()
export class AuthService {
    private tokeyKey = "token";
    private token: string;

    constructor(
        private http: Http
    ) { }

    login(userName: string, password: string): Promise<RequestResult> {
        return this.http.post("/api/TokenAuth", { Username: userName, Password: password }).toPromise()
            .then(response => {
                let result = response.json() as RequestResult;
                if (result.State == 1) {
                    let json = result.Data as any;

                    sessionStorage.setItem("token", json.accessToken);
                }
                return result;
            })
            .catch(this.handleError);
    }

    checkLogin(): boolean {
        var token = sessionStorage.getItem(this.tokeyKey);
        return token != null;
    }

    getUserInfo(): Promise<RequestResult> {
        return this.authGet("/api/TokenAuth");
    }

    authPost(url: string, body: any): Promise<RequestResult> {
        let headers = this.initAuthHeaders();
        return this.http.post(url, body, { headers: headers }).toPromise()
            .then(response => response.json() as RequestResult)
            .catch(this.handleError);
    }

    authGet(url): Promise<RequestResult> {
        let headers = this.initAuthHeaders();
        return this.http.get(url, { headers: headers }).toPromise()
            .then(response => response.json() as RequestResult)
            .catch(this.handleError);
    }

    private getLocalToken(): string {
        if (!this.token) {
            this.token = sessionStorage.getItem(this.tokeyKey);
        }
        return this.token;
    }

    private initAuthHeaders(): Headers {
        let token = this.getLocalToken();
        if (token == null) throw "No token";

        var headers = new Headers();
        headers.append("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);

        return headers;
    }

    private handleError(error: any): Promise<any> {
        console.error('An error occurred', error);
        return Promise.reject(error.message || error);
    }
}

本文件主要用来完成登录以及登录验证工作，之后该service将可以被注入到Component中以便被Component调用。

注：主要的逻辑都应该写到service中

4.2.3.创建Component

4.2.3.1.在wwwroot/app下创建一个目录home,该目录用来存放HomeComponent,home应拥有如下文件：

  • home.component.ts

    import { Component, OnInit } from "@angular/core";

import { AuthService } from "../_services/auth.service";

@Component({
    moduleId: module.id,
    selector: "my-home",
    templateUrl: "view.html",
    styleUrls: ["style.css"]
})
export class HomeComponent implements OnInit {
    isLogin = false;
    userName: string;
    
    constructor(
        private authService: AuthService
    ) { }

    ngOnInit(): void {
        this.isLogin = this.authService.checkLogin();
        if (this.isLogin) {
            this.authService.getUserInfo().then(res => {
                this.userName = (res.Data as any).UserName;
            });
        }

    }
}

    查阅代码，在@Component中指定了View以及style。

    AuthService被在构造方法中被注入了本Component，ngOnInit是接口OnInit的一个方法，他在Component初始化时会被调用。

  • style.css

    /*styles of this view*/

    本例中没有添加任何样式，如有需要可以写在这里。

  • view.html

    <div *ngIf="isLogin">
    <h1>Hi <span>{{userName}}</span></h1>
</div>

<div *ngIf="!isLogin">
    <h1>please login</h1>
    <a routerLink="/login">Login</a>
</div>

    *ngIf=""是Angular2 的其中一种标记语法，作用是当返回真时渲染该节点，完整教程请参阅官方文档。

4.2.3.2.在wwwroot/app下创建目录Login,该目录用来存放LoginComponent,文件结构类似于上一节。

  • login.component.ts

    import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { Router } from '@angular/router';

import { AuthService } from "../_services/auth.service";

@Component({
    moduleId: module.id,
    selector: "my-login",
    templateUrl: "view.html",
    styleUrls: ["style.css"]
})
export class LoginComponent {

    private userName: string;
    private password: string;

    constructor(
        private authService: AuthService,
        private router: Router
    ) { }

    login() {
        this.authService.login(this.userName, this.password)
            .then(result => {
                if (result.State == 1) {
                    this.router.navigate(["./home"]);
                }
                else {
                    alert(result.Msg);
                }
            });
    }
}

  • style.css

    /*styles of this view*/

  • view.html

    <table>
    <tr>
        <td>userName:</td>
        <td><input [(ngModel)]="userName" placeholder="useName:try type user1" /></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td>userName:</td>
        <td><input [(ngModel)]="password" placeholder="password:try type user1psd" /></td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td></td>
        <td><input type="button" (click)="login()" value="Login" /></td>
    </tr>
</table>

4.2.4.应用路由

路由是切换多页面用的。

在wwwroot/app下新建一个Typescript文件，命名为app-routing.module.ts，内容应该是这个样子。

import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import { RouterModule, Routes } from "@angular/router";

import { HomeComponent } from "./home/home.component";
import { LoginComponent } from "./login/login.component"

const routes: Routes = [
    { path: "", redirectTo: "/home", pathMatch: "full" },
    { path: "home", component: HomeComponent },
    { path: "login", component: LoginComponent }
];

@NgModule({
    imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
    exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }

 

接下来我们来应用这个路由，

打开app.module.ts，更新代码如下：

import { NgModule } from "@angular/core";
import { BrowserModule } from "@angular/platform-browser";
import { HttpModule } from "@angular/http";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

import { AppRoutingModule } from "./app-routing.module";

import { AuthService } from "./_services/auth.service";

import { AppComponent } from "./app.component";
import { HomeComponent } from "./home/home.component";
import { LoginComponent } from "./login/login.component";

@NgModule({
    bootstrap: [AppComponent],
    imports: [
        BrowserModule,
        HttpModule,
        AppRoutingModule,
        FormsModule
    ],
    declarations: [
        AppComponent,
        HomeComponent,
        LoginComponent
    ],
    providers: [AuthService]
})
export class AppModule { }

 

NgModule和BrowserModule你可以理解为基础模块，必加的。

HttpModule是做http请求用的。

FormsModule是做双向数据绑定用的，比如下面这样的，如果想把数据从view更新到component，就必须加这个。

<input [(ngModel)]="userName" placeholder="useName:try type user1" />

 

AppRoutingModule即为我们刚才添加的路由文件。

AuthService是我们最早添加的service文件。

AppComponent是我们最初添加的那个app.component.ts里的那个component.

HomeComponent,LoginComponent同上。

 

最后我们再app.component.ts中添加路由锚点，

把template的值为 "<router-outlet></router-outlet>"

完整的代码应该是这样：

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
    moduleId: module.id,
    selector: 'my-app',
    template: "<router-outlet></router-outlet>",
})
export class AppComponent {
}

 

router-outlet是路由锚点的关键词。

 

至此，所有代码完成，F5调试吧。

 

完整的Angular2的入门教程，请参阅官方文档的《英雄指南》：中文传送门 | 英文传送门

 

关于本例完整的代码以及调试运行步骤，请访问：How to authorization Angular 2 app with asp.net core web api

官方站点：