day 14 JS 练习
实例练习
1、搜索框
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script> function Focus(){ var input=document.getElementById("ID1"); if (input.value=="请输入用户名"){ input.value=""; } } function Blurs(){ var ele=document.getElementById("ID1"); var val=ele.value; if(!val.trim()){ ele.value="请输入用户名"; } } </script> </head> <body> <input id="ID1" type="text" value="请输入用户名" onblur="Blurs()" onfocus="Focus()"> </body> </html>
2、模态对话框
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .back{ background-color: white; height: 2000px; } .shade{ position: fixed; top: 0; bottom: 0; left:0; right: 0; background-color: grey; opacity: 0.4; } .hide{ display: none; } .models{ position: fixed; top: 50%; left: 50%; margin-left: -100px; margin-top: -100px; height: 200px; width: 200px; background-color: wheat; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="back"> <input class="c" type="button" value="click"> </div> <div class="shade hide handles"></div> <div class="models hide handles"> <input class="c" type="button" value="cancel"> </div> <script> var eles=document.getElementsByClassName("c"); var handles=document.getElementsByClassName("handles"); for(var i=0;i<eles.length;i++){ eles[i].onclick=function(){ if(this.value=="click"){ for(var j=0;j<handles.length;j++){ handles[j].classList.remove("hide"); } } else { for(var j=0;j<handles.length;j++){ handles[j].classList.add("hide"); } } } } </script> </body> </html>
3、表格案例
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <button class="select_all">全选</button> <button class="select_reverse">反选</button> <button class="cancel">取消</button> <hr> <table class="server_table" border="2px" cellspacing="2px"> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td> <td>111</td> <td>111</td> <td>111</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td> <td>222</td> <td>222</td> <td>222</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td> <td>333</td> <td>333</td> <td>333</td> </tr> <tr> <td><input type="checkbox" class="item"></td> <td>444</td> <td>444</td> <td>444</td> </tr> </table> <script> /* var ele_all=document.getElementsByClassName("select_all")[0]; var ele_reverse=document.getElementsByClassName("select_reverse")[0]; var ele_cancel=document.getElementsByClassName("cancel")[0]; var input_arr=document.getElementsByClassName("item"); ele_all.onclick=function(){ for(var i=0;i<input_arr.length;i++){ console.log(input_arr[i]); var input=input_arr[i]; input.checked=true; } }; ele_cancel.onclick=function(){ for(var i=0;i<input_arr.length;i++){ console.log(input_arr[i]); var input=input_arr[i]; input.checked=false; } }; ele_reverse.onclick=function(){ for(var i=0;i<input_arr.length;i++){ console.log(input_arr[i]); var input=input_arr[i]; if(input.checked){ input.checked=false; } else{ input.checked=true; } } }; */ var input_arr=document.getElementsByClassName("item"); var button_arr=document.getElementsByTagName("button"); for(var i=0;i<button_arr.length;i++){ button_arr[i].onclick=function(){ for (var j=0;j<input_arr.length;j++){ var inp=input_arr[j] if(this.innerText=="全选"){ console.log("ok"); inp.checked=true; } else if(this.innerText=="取消"){ inp.checked=false; } else { if(inp.checked){ inp.checked=false; }else { inp.checked=true; } } } } } </script> </body> </html>
4、select移动
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .outer{ margin: 0 auto; background-color: darkgray; width: 80%; height: 600px;margin-top: 30px; word-spacing: -5px; } #left{ display: inline-block; width: 100px ; height: 140px; background-color: wheat; text-align: center; } #choice{ display: inline-block; height: 140px; background-color: darkolivegreen; vertical-align: top; padding:0 5px; } #choice button{ margin-top: 20px; } #right{ display: inline-block; width: 100px ; height: 140px; background-color: wheat; text-align: center; line-height: 140px; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="outer"> <select multiple="multiple" size="5" id="left"> <option>红楼梦</option> <option>西游记</option> <option>水浒传</option> <option>JinPingMei</option> <option>三国演义</option> </select> <span id="choice"> <button id="choose_move"> > </button><br> <button id="all_move"> >> </button> </span> <select multiple="multiple" size="10" id="right"> <option>放风筝的人</option> </select> </div> <script> var choose_move=document.getElementById("choose_move"); var all_move=document.getElementById("all_move"); var right=document.getElementById("right"); var left=document.getElementById("left"); var options=left.options; choose_move.onclick=function(){ for (var i=0; i<options.length;i++){ var option=options[i]; if(option.selected==true){ // var news=option.cloneNode(true); // console.log(news); right.appendChild(option); i--; } } }; all_move.onclick=function(){ for (var i=0; i<options.length;i++){ var option=options[i]; right.appendChild(option); i--; }; }; /* var buttons=document.getElementsByTagName("button"); for(var i=0;i<buttons.length;i++) { buttons[i].onclick = function () { for (var i = 0; i < options.length; i++) { var option = options[i]; if (this.innerText == ">") { if (option.selected == true) { // var news=option.cloneNode(true); // console.log(news); right.appendChild(option); i--; } } else { right.appendChild(option); i--; } } }; } */ </script> </body> </html>
5、二级联动
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<select id="province"> <option>请选择省:</option> </select> <select id="city"> <option>请选择市:</option> </select> <script> data={"河北省":["廊坊","邯郸"],"北京":["朝阳区","海淀区"]}; var p=document.getElementById("province"); var c=document.getElementById("city"); for(var i in data){ var option_pro=document.createElement("option"); option_pro.innerHTML=i; p.appendChild(option_pro); } p.onchange=function(){ pro=(this.options[this.selectedIndex]).innerHTML; citys=data[pro]; c.options.length=0; for (var i in citys){ var option_city=document.createElement("option"); option_city.innerHTML=citys[i]; c.appendChild(option_city); } } </script>
6、跑马灯与tab切换
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>tab</title> <style> *{margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none;} body{ font-family: "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "\9ED1\4F53", Arial, sans-serif; } h3{ text-align: center; color:darkcyan; margin-top: 30px; letter-spacing: 5px; } .box{ width: 1000px; margin:50px auto 0px; } #title{ line-height: 40px; background-color: rgb(247,247,247); font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102,102,102); } #title span{ float: left; width: 166px; text-align: center; } #title span:hover{ /*color: black;*/ cursor: pointer; } #content{ margin-top: 20px; } #content li{ width: 1050px; display: none; background-color: rgb(247,247,247); } #content li div{ width: 156px; margin-right: 14px; float: left; text-align: center; } #content li div a{ font-size: 14px; color: black; line-height: 14px; /* float: left;*/ display: inline-block; margin-top: 10px; } #content li a:hover{ color: #B70606; } #content li div span{ font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; /*float: left;*/ display: block; color: rgb(102,102,102); margin-top: 10px; } #content img{ float: left; width: 155px; height: 250px; } #title .select{ background-color: #2459a2; color: white; border-radius: 10%; } #content .show{ display: block; } .show span{ color: red!important; font-size: 30px; } </style> </head> <body> <h3 id="wel">京东商城欢迎您</h3> <!-- direction="right up down left" --> <!-- behavior:滚动方式(包括3个值:scroll、slide、alternate) --> <!-- 说明:scroll:循环滚动,默认效果;slide:只滚动一次就停止;alternate:来回交替进行滚动。 --> <!-- scrollamount="5" 滚动速度 --> <marquee behavior="scroll" direction="right">欢迎您苑昊先生</marquee> <script> function test(){ var mywel = document.getElementById("wel"); var content = mywel.innerText; var f_content = content.charAt(0); var l_content = content.substring(1,content.length); var new_content = l_content + f_content; mywel.innerText = new_content; } // setInterval("test();", 500); </script> <div class="box"> <p id="title"> <span class="select">家用电器</span> <span>家具</span> <span>汽车</span> <span>食品</span> <span>女鞋</span> <span>医疗保健</span> </p> <ul id="content"> <li class="show"> <div><img src="https://img10.360buyimg.com/n1/s450x450_jfs/t4786/325/2470647304/119102/9e1a4ed5/59005841Nd786a8df.jpg" alt="冰箱"><a href="#">容声(Ronshen)冰箱</a><span>价格:5600</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/s450x450_jfs/t3037/347/1290968859/201366/7c1028a0/57c00194N9d0a54c6.jpg" alt="洗衣机"><a href="#">海尔洗衣机</a><span>价格:5400</span></div> <div><img src="https://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3289/128/2393835119/236360/af1d283b/57e0f300N53dde603.jpg" alt="电饭煲"><a href="#">福库(CUCKOO)电饭煲</a><span>价格:3999</span></div> <div><img src="https://img13.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3235/137/2361713777/152258/a6908440/57e098c2N44a90a5d.jpg" alt="智能电视"><a href="#">三星智能电视</a><span>价格:8999</span></div> <div><img src="https://img10.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t2053/101/1391591157/215066/572e131b/5696ee9bN2376492d.jpg" alt="净水器"><a href="#">净水器</a><span>价格:1300</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3175/78/2357430273/262835/9a8e7f65/57e0a3e9Nbda39dd2.jpg" alt="空气净化器"><a href="#">空气净化器</a><span>价格:5300</span></div> </li> <li> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t1948/172/2877517581/556924/682eb107/56f63dc8Naddf77e5.jpg" alt="沙发"><a href="#">沙发</a><span>价格:2900</span></div> </li> <li> <div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div> <div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div> <div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div> <div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div> <div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div> <div><img src="http://img11.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4969/76/45396935/144539/347153d4/58d9cff4N36872ad6.jpg" alt="长安汽车"><a href="#">长安汽车</a><span>价格:12900</span></div> </li> <li> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t4414/110/2582917360/207971/b7e129ad/58f0ee1fN94425de1.jpg" alt="嘉兴粽子"><a href="#">嘉兴粽子</a><span>价格:1</span></div> </li> <li> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> <div><img src="https://img14.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t3079/298/5759209435/92674/14818594/587f1c33N53e5d2a9.jpg" alt="星期六"><a href="#">星期六</a><span>价格:439</span></div> </li> <li> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> <div><img src="https://img12.360buyimg.com/n1/jfs/t5755/127/1139389729/356866/99d4e869/5923e410Nb2983f70.jpg" alt="汇仁 肾宝片"><a href="#">汇仁 肾宝片</a><span>价格:322</span></div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> var title=document.getElementById('title'); var content=document.getElementById('content'); var category=title.getElementsByTagName('span'); var item=content.getElementsByTagName('li'); for (var i = 0; i < category.length; i++) { category[i].index=i; category[i].onclick=function(){ for (var j = 0; j < category.length; j++) { category[j].className=''; item[j].className=''; } this.className='select'; item[this.index].className='show'; } } </script> </body> </html>
js扩展
js的作用域
作用域是JavaScript最重要的概念之一,想要学好JavaScript就需要理解JavaScript作用域和作用域链的工作原理。
任何程序设计语言都有作用域的概念,简单的说,作用域就是变量与函数的可访问范围,即作用域控制着变量与函数的可见性和生命周期。在JavaScript中,变量的作用域有全局作用域和局部作用域两种。
作用域
1. 全局作用域(Global Scope)
在代码中任何地方都能访问到的对象拥有全局作用域,一般来说一下几种情形拥有全局作用域:
(1)最外层函数和在最外层函数外面定义的变量拥有全局作用域
var name="yuan"; function foo(){ var age=23; function inner(){ console.log(age); } inner(); } console.log(name); // yuan //console.log(age); // Uncaught ReferenceError: age is not defined foo(); // 23 inner(); // Uncaught ReferenceError: inner is not defined
(2)所有末定义直接赋值的变量自动声明为拥有全局作用域,例如:
var name="yuan"; function foo(){ age=23; var sex="male" } foo(); console.log(age); // 23 console.log(sex); // sex is not defined
变量blog拥有全局作用域,而sex在函数外部无法访问到。
(3)所有window对象的属性拥有全局作用域
一般情况下,window对象的内置属性都都拥有全局作用域,例如window.alert()、window.location、window.top等等。
2. 局部作用域(Local Scope)
和全局作用域相反,局部作用域一般只在固定的代码片段内可访问到,最常见的例如函数内部,所有在一些地方也会看到有人把这种作用域成为函数作用域.
如示例1中的age与inner都只有局部作用域。(js中if、for没有自己的作用域)
作用域链(Scope Chain)
在JavaScript中,函数也是对象,实际上,JavaScript里一切都是对象。函数对象和其它对象一样,拥有可以通过代码访问的属性和一系列仅供JavaScript引擎访问的内部属性。其中一个内部属性是[[Scope]],由ECMA-262标准第三版定义,该内部属性包含了函数被创建的作用域中对象的集合,这个集合被称为函数的作用域链,它决定了哪些数据能被函数访问。
示例演示
please have a try:
//-----**********************例1********************************* var s=12; function f(){ console.log(s); var s=12; // if s=12 console.log(s) } f(); //-----**********************例2********************************* var s=10; function foo(){ console.log(s); var s=5; console.log(s); function s(){console.log("ok")}// 函数的定于或声明是在词法分析时完成的,执行时已不再有任何操作 console.log(s); } foo(); //-----***********************例3******************************** function bar(age) { console.log(age); var age = 99; var sex= 'male'; console.log(age); function age() { alert(123) }; console.log(age); return 100; } result=bar(5); //-----********************************************************
结果分析
我相信大家一定会有想不到的结果,接下来我们就以最复杂的例3来分析整个过程。
当一个函数创建后,它的作用域链会被创建此函数的作用域中可访问的数据对象填充。在函数bar创建时,它的作用域链中会填入一个全局对象,该全局对象包含了所有全局变量,如下图所示:
解析到函数调用时,即bar(5),会生成一个active object的对象,该对象包含了函数的所有局部变量、命名参数、参数集合以及this,然后此对象会被推入作用域链的前端,当运行期上下文被销毁,活动对象也随之销毁。新的作用域链如下图所示:
过程解析:
function bar(age) { console.log(age); var age = 99; var sex="male"; console.log(age); function age(){ alert(123); } ; console.log(age); return 100; } result=bar(5); 一 词法分析过程(涉及参数,局部变量声明,函数声明表达式): 1-1 、分析参数,有一个参数,形成一个 AO.age=undefine; 1-2 、接收参数 AO.age=5; 1-3 、分析变量声明,有一个 var age, 发现 AO 上面有一个 AO.age ,则不做任何处理 1-4 、分析变量声明,有一个 var sex,形成一个 AO.sex=undefine; 1-5 、分析函数声明,有一个 function age(){} 声明, 则把原有的 age 覆盖成 AO.age=function(){}; 二 执行过程: 2-1 、执行第一个 console.log(age) 时,当前的 AO.age 是一个函数,所以输出的一个函数 2-2 、这句 var age=99; 是对不 AO.age 的属性赋值, AO.age=99 ,所以在第二个输出的age是 99; 2-3 、同理第三个输出的是 99, 因为中间没有改变 age 值的语句了。 注意:执行阶段: function age(){ alert(123) } ; 不进行任何操作,将执行语句复制给age这部操作是在词法分析时,即运行前完成的。