Django Restful Framework (一): Serializer
Serializer 允许复杂数据(比如 querysets 和 model 实例)转换成python数据类型,然后可以更容易的转换成 json 或 xml 等。同时,Serializer也提供了反序列化功能,允许解析数据转换成复杂数据类型。
声明 Serializers
我们来创建一个简单对象作为例子:
from datetime import datetime class Comment(object): def __init__(self, email, content, created=None): self.email = email self.content = content self.created = created or datetime.now() comment = Comment(email='leila@example.com', content='foo bar')
然后我们声明一个serializer
from rest_framework import serializers class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer): email = serializers.EmailField() content = serializers.CharField(max_length=200) created = serializers.DateTimeField()
序列化对象
serializer = CommentSerializer(comment) serializer.data # {'email': 'leila@example.com', 'content': 'foo bar', 'created': '2016-01-27T15:17:10.375877'}
这时我们已经转换model 实例成了python 数据类型,接下来我们将它转换成json 格式
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer json = JSONRenderer().render(serializer.data) json # b'{"email":"leila@example.com","content":"foo bar","created":"2016-01-27T15:17:10.375877"}'
反序列化对象
反序列化就是将json或xml等格式转换成复杂数据类型
serializer = CommentSerializer(data=data) serializer.is_valid() # True serializer.validated_data # {'content': 'foo bar', 'email': 'leila@example.com', 'created': datetime.datetime(2012, 08, 22, 16, 20, 09, 822243)}
验证
反序列化数据的时候,在访问有效数据或保存对象实例之前,你应该总是调用 is_valid() ,以查看是否反序列化成功,如果有错误, .errors 属性包含错误信息。
serializer = CommentSerializer(data={'email': 'foobar', 'content': 'baz'}) serializer.is_valid() # False serializer.errors # {'email': [u'Enter a valid e-mail address.'], 'created': [u'This field is required.']}
保存实例
如果你希望返回基于验证数据(validated data,也就是反序列化后的数据)的完整的对象实例,你需要实现.create() 或 .update() 方法。
class CommentSerializer(serializers.Serializer): email = serializers.EmailField() content = serializers.CharField(max_length=200) created = serializers.DateTimeField() def create(self, validated_data): return Comment(**validated_data) def update(self, instance, validated_data): instance.email = validated_data.get('email', instance.email) instance.content = validated_data.get('content', instance.content) instance.created = validated_data.get('created', instance.created) return instance
现在,当你反序列化数据时,你需要调用.save() 方法返回对象实例,基于验证的数据(validated data)
comment = serializer.save()
调用save() 时,要么创建一个新实例,要么更新一个已存在的实例,这取决于你是否传入了实例参数
# .save() will create a new instance. serializer = CommentSerializer(data=data) # .save() will update the existing `comment` instance. serializer = CommentSerializer(comment, data=data)