MyBatis入门
MyBatis
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持自定义 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 免除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码以及设置参数和获取结果集的工作。MyBatis 可以通过简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原始类型、接口和 Java POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式 Java 对象)为数据库中的记录。
ORMapping: Object Relationship Mapping 对象关系映射
对象指⾯向对象,关系指关系型数据库
Java 到 MySQL 的映射,开发者可以以⾯向对象的思想来管理数据库。
如何使用
- 新建Maven工程,pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.6</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
- 新建数据表
use mybatis;
create table t_account(
id int primary key auto_increment,
username varchar(11),
password varchar(11),
age int
)
- 新建数据表对应的实体类Account
package com.oeong.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor // 有参构造
@NoArgsConstructor // 无参构造
public class Account {
private long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private int age;
}
- 创建MyBatis的配置文件config.xml,文件名可自定义
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- MyBatis运行环境 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
使用原生接口
1、MyBatis 框架需要开发者⾃定义 SQL 语句,写在 Mapper.xml ⽂件中,实际开发中,会为每个实体 类创建对应的 Mapper.xml ,定义管理该对象数据的 SQL。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.oeong.mapper.AccoutMapper">
<insert id="save" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
insert into t_account(username, password, age)
values (#{username}, #{password}, #{age})
</insert>
</mapper>
- namespace 通常设置为⽂件所在包+⽂件名的形式。
- insert 标签表示执⾏添加操作。
- select 标签表示执⾏查询操作。
- update 标签表示执⾏更新操作。
- delete 标签表示执⾏删除操作。
- id 是实际调⽤ MyBatis ⽅法时需要⽤到的参数。
- parameterType 是调⽤对应⽅法时参数的数据类型。
2、在全局配置文件config.xml中注册AccoutMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- MyBatis运行环境 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url"
value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/oeong/mapper/AccountMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
</configuration>
3、 调用MyBatis的原生接口执行添加操作
package com.oeong.test;
import com.oeong.entity.Account;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加载MyBatis配置⽂件
InputStream inputStream =
Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory =
sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
String statement = "com.oeong.mapper.AccoutMapper.save";
Account account = new Account(1L,"张三","123123",22);
sqlSession.insert(statement,account);
sqlSession.commit();
}
}
通过Mapper代理实现自定义接口
- 自定义接口,定义相关业务方法
- 编写与方法相对应的Mapper.xml
1、自定义接口
package com.oeong.repository;
import com.oeong.entity.Account;
import java.util.List;
public interface AccountRepository {
public int save(Account account);
public int update(Account account);
public int deleteById(long id);
public List<Account> findAll();
public Account findById(long id);
}
2、创建接⼝对应的 Mapper.xml,定义接⼝⽅法对应的 SQL 语句。
statement 标签可根据 SQL 执⾏的业务选择 insert、delete、update、select。MyBatis 框架会根据规则⾃动创建接⼝实现类的代理对象。
规则:
- Mapper.xml 中 namespace 为接⼝的全类名。
- Mapper.xml 中 statement 的 id 为接⼝中对应的⽅法名。
- Mapper.xml 中 statement 的 parameterType 和接⼝中对应⽅法的参数类型⼀致。
- Mapper.xml 中 statement 的 resultType 和接⼝中对应⽅法的返回值类型⼀致。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.oeong.repository.AccountRepository">
<insert id="save" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
insert into t_account(username, password, age) value (#{username}, #{password}, #{age})
</insert>
<update id="update" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
update t_account set username=#{username}, password=#{password}, age=#{age} where id=#{id}
</update>
<delete id="deleteById" parameterType="long">
delete from t_account where id=#{id}
</delete>
<select id="findAll" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account
</select>
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
3、在config.xml 中注册 AccountRepository.xml
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/oeong/mapper/AccountMapper.xml"></mapper>
<mapper resource="com/oeong/mapper/AccountRepository.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
4、调用接口的代理对象完成相关的业务操作
package com.oeong.test;
import com.oeong.entity.Account;
import com.oeong.repository.AccountRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
public class Test2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 加载MyBatis配置⽂件
InputStream inputStream = Test2.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 获取实现接口的代理对象
AccountRepository accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
// 查询全部对象
// List<Account> list = accountRepository.findAll();
// for (Account account : list) {
// System.out.println(account);
// }
// 添加对象
// Account account = new Account(3L, "李四", "111222", 23);
// int result = accountRepository.save(account);
// sqlSession.commit(); // 对数据产生变化,都需要commit
// 通过id查询对象
// Account account = accountRepository.findById(3L);
// System.out.println(account);
// 修改对象
// Account account = accountRepository.findById(3L);
// account.setUsername("小红");
// account.setAge(18);
// int result = accountRepository.update(account);
// sqlSession.commit();
// System.out.println(result);
// 通过id删除对象
// int result = accountRepository.deleteById(3L);
// System.out.println(result);
// sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
}
Mapper.xml
statement 标签:select、update、delete、insert 分别对应查询、修改、删除、添加操作。
parameterType:参数数据类型
1、基本数据类型,通过 id 查询 Account
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where id = #{id}
</select>
2、String 类型,通过 name 查询 Account
<select id="findByName" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where username = #{username}
</select>
3、 包装类
<select id="findById2" parameterType="java.lang.Long"
resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where id = #{id}
</select>
4、多个参数,通过 name 和 age 查询 Account
<select id="findByNameAndAge" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where username = #{arg0} and age = #{arg1}
</select>
5、Java Bean
<update id="update" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
update t_account set username = #{username},password = #{password},age = #{age} where id = #{id}
</update>
resultType:结果类型
1、基本数据类型,统计 Account 总数
<select id="count" resultType="int">
select count(id) from t_account
</select>
2、包装类,统计 Account 总数
<select id="count2" resultType="java.lang.Integer">
select count(id) from t_account
</select>
3、String 类型,通过 id 查询 Account 的 name
<select id="findNameById" resultType="java.lang.String">
select username from t_account where id = #{id}
</select>
4、Java Bean
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where id = #{id}
</select>
级联查询
一对多 association
SQL
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`cid` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `cid` (`cid`),
CONSTRAINT `student_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`cid`) REFERENCES `classes` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `classes` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Student
package com.oeong.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Student {
private long id;
private String name;
private Classes classes;
}
Classes
package com.oeong.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.List;
@Data
public class Classes {
private long id;
private String name;
private List<Student> students;
}
StudentRepository
package com.oeong.repository;
import com.oeong.entity.Student;
public interface StudentRepository {
public Student findById(long id);
}
StudentRepository.xml
association javaType
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.oeong.repository.StudentRepository">
<resultMap id="studentMap" type="com.oeong.entity.Student">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="name" property="name"></result>
<association property="classes" javaType="com.oeong.entity.Classes">
<id column="cid" property="id"></id>
<result column="cname" property="name"></result>
</association>
</resultMap>
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="studentMap">
select s.id,s.name,c.id as cid,c.name as cname from student s,classes c
where s.id = #{id} and s.cid = c.id
</select>
</mapper>
resultMap 结果集
id:主键 result:普通列
column:数据列 property:JavaBean属性
ClassesRepository
package com.oeong.repository;
import com.oeong.entity.Classes;
public interface ClassesRepository {
public Classes findById(long id);
}
ClassesRepository.xml
collection ofType
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.oeong.repository.ClassesRepository">
<resultMap id="classesMap" type="com.oeong.entity.Classes">
<id column="cid" property="id"></id>
<result column="cname" property="name"></result>
<collection property="students" ofType="com.oeong.entity.Student">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="name" property="name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="classesMap">
select s.id,s.name,c.id as cid,c.name as cname from student s,classes c
where c.id = #{id} and s.cid = c.id
</select>
</mapper>
多对多 collection
SQL
CREATE TABLE `goods` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `customer` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE TABLE `customer_goods` (
`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cid` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`gid` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `cid` (`cid`),
KEY `gid` (`gid`),
CONSTRAINT `customer_goods_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`cid`) REFERENCES `customer` (`id`),
CONSTRAINT `customer_goods_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`gid`) REFERENCES `goods` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Customer
package com.oeong.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.List;
@Data
public class Customer {
private long id;
private String name;
private List<Goods> goods;
}
Goods
package com.oeong.entity;
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.List;
@Data
public class Goods {
private long id;
private String name;
private List<Customer> customers;
}
CustomerRepository
package com.oeong.repository;
import com.oeong.entity.Customer;
public interface CustomerRepository {
public Customer findById(long id);
}
CustomerRepository.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.oeong.repository.CustomerRepository">
<resultMap id="customerMap" type="com.oeong.entity.Customer">
<id column="cid" property="id"></id>
<result column="cname" property="name"></result>
<collection property="goods" ofType="com.oeong.entity.Goods">
<id column="gid" property="id"/>
<result column="gname" property="name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="customerMap">
select c.id cid,c.name cname,g.id gid,g.name gname from customer c,goods g,
customer_goods cg where c.id = #{id} and cg.cid = c.id and cg.gid = g.id
</select>
</mapper>
GoodsRepository
package com.oeong.repository;
import com.oeong.entity.Goods;
public interface GoodsRepository {
public Goods findById(long id);
}
GoodsRepository.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.oeong.repository.CustomerRepository">
<resultMap id="customerMap" type="com.oeong.entity.Customer">
<id column="cid" property="id"></id>
<result column="cname" property="name"></result>
<collection property="goods" ofType="com.oeong.entity.Goods">
<id column="gid" property="id"/>
<result column="gname" property="name"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findById" parameterType="long" resultMap="customerMap">
select c.id cid,c.name cname,g.id gid,g.name gname from customer c,goods g,
customer_goods cg where c.id = #{id} and cg.cid = c.id and cg.gid = g.id
</select>
</mapper>
逆向工程
MyBatis Generator,简称 MBG,是⼀个专⻔为 MyBatis 框架开发者定制的代码⽣成器,可⾃动⽣成 MyBatis 框架所需的实体类、Mapper 接⼝、Mapper.xml,⽀持基本的 CRUD 操作,但是⼀些相对复杂的 SQL 需要开发者⾃⼰来完成。
MyBatis 框架需要:实体类、⾃定义 Mapper 接⼝、Mapper.xml
传统的开发中上述的三个组件需要开发者⼿动创建,逆向⼯程可以帮助开发者来⾃动创建三个组件,减 轻开发者的⼯作量,提⾼⼯作效率。
如何使用
- 新建Maven工程,pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
-
创建MBG配置文件generatorConfig.xml
- jdbcConnnection 配置数据库连接信息
- javaModelGenerator 配置JavaBean的生成策略
- sqlMapGenerator 配置SQL映射文件生成策略
- javaClientGenerator 配置Mapper接口的生成策略
- table 配置目标数据表(tableName:表名,domainObjectName:JavaBean类名)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">
<generatorConfiguration>
<context id="testTables" targetRuntime="MyBatis3">
<jdbcConnection driverClass="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"
userId="root"
password="root"
></jdbcConnection>
<javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.oeong.entity" targetProject="./src/main/java"></javaModelGenerator>
<sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="com.oeong.repository" targetProject="./src/main/java"></sqlMapGenerator>
<javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.oeong.repository" targetProject="./src/main/java"></javaClientGenerator>
<table tableName="t_account" domainObjectName="Account"></table>
</context>
</generatorConfiguration>
- 创建Generator执行类
package com.oeong.test;
import org.mybatis.generator.api.MyBatisGenerator;
import org.mybatis.generator.config.Configuration;
import org.mybatis.generator.config.xml.ConfigurationParser;
import org.mybatis.generator.exception.InvalidConfigurationException;
import org.mybatis.generator.exception.XMLParserException;
import org.mybatis.generator.internal.DefaultShellCallback;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> warings = new ArrayList<String>();
boolean overwrite = true;
String genCig = "/generatorConfig.xml";
File configFile = new File(Main.class.getResource(genCig).getFile());
ConfigurationParser configurationParser = new ConfigurationParser(warings);
Configuration configuration = null;
try {
configuration = configurationParser.parseConfiguration(configFile);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (XMLParserException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
DefaultShellCallback callback = new DefaultShellCallback(overwrite);
MyBatisGenerator myBatisGenerator = null;
try {
myBatisGenerator = new MyBatisGenerator(configuration, callback, warings);
} catch (InvalidConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
try {
myBatisGenerator.generate(null);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
延迟加载
- 什么是延迟加载?
延迟加载也叫懒加载、惰性加载,使⽤延迟加载可以提⾼程序的运⾏效率。它是针对于数据持久层的操作, 在某些特定的情况下去访问特定的数据库,在其他情况下可以不访问某些表,从⼀定程度上减少了 Java 应⽤与数据库的交互次数。
查询学⽣和班级的时,学⽣和班级是两张不同的表,如果当前需求只需要获取学⽣的信息,那么查询学⽣单表即可,如果需要通过学⽣获取对应的班级信息,则必须查询两张表。
不同的业务需求,需要查询不同的表,根据具体的业务需求来动态减少数据表查询的⼯作就是延迟加 载。
- config.xml中开启延迟加载
<settings>
<!-- 打印SQL-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />
<!-- 开启延迟加载 -->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
- 将多表关联查询拆分成多个单表查询
StudentRepository
public Student findByIdLazy(long id);
StudentRepository.xml
<resultMap id="studentMapLazy" type="com.oeong.entity.Student">
<id column="id" property="id"></id>
<result column="name" property="name"></result>
<association property="classes" javaType="com.oeong.entity.Classes"
select="com.oeong.repository.ClassesRepository.findByIdLazy" column="cid">
</association>
</resultMap>
<select id="findByIdLazy" parameterType="long" resultMap="studentMapLazy">
select * from student where id = #{id}
</select>
ClassesRepository
public Classes findByIdLay(long id);
ClassesRepository.xml
<select id="findByIdLazy" parameterType="long" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Classes">
select * from classes where id = #{id}
</select>
Main
// 加载MyBatis配置⽂件
InputStream inputStream = Test3.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
// 获取实现接口的代理对象
StudentRepository studentRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentRepository.class);
Student student = studentRepository.findByIdLazy(1);
System.out.println(student.getId());
System.out.println(student.getClasses());
sqlSession.close();
Mybatis缓存
- 什么是MyBatis
使⽤缓存可以减少 Java 应⽤与数据库的交互次数,从⽽提升程序的运⾏效率。⽐如查询出 id = 1 的对 象,第⼀次查询出之后会⾃动将该对象保存到缓存中,当下⼀次查询时,直接从缓存中取出对象即可, ⽆需再次访问数据库。
- MyBatis 缓存分类
1、⼀级缓存:SqlSession 级别,默认开启,并且不能关闭。 操作数据库时需要创建 SqlSession 对象,在对象中有⼀个 HashMap ⽤于存储缓存数据,不同的 SqlSession 之间缓存数据区域是互不影响的。
⼀级缓存的作⽤域是 SqlSession 范围的,当在同⼀个 SqlSession 中执⾏两次相同的 SQL 语句事,第⼀ 次执⾏完毕会将结果保存到缓存中,第⼆次查询时直接从缓存中获取。
需要注意的是,如果 SqlSession 执⾏了 DML 操作(insert、update、delete),MyBatis 必须将缓存 清空以保证数据的准确性。
2、⼆级缓存:Mapper 级别,默认关闭,可以开启。
使⽤⼆级缓存时,多个 SqlSession 使⽤同⼀个 Mapper 的 SQL 语句操作数据库,得到的数据会存在⼆ 级缓存区,同样是使⽤ HashMap 进⾏数据存储,相⽐较于⼀级缓存,⼆级缓存的范围更⼤,多个 SqlSession 可以共⽤⼆级缓存,⼆级缓存是跨 SqlSession 的。
⼆级缓存是多个 SqlSession 共享的,其作⽤域是 Mapper 的同⼀个 namespace,不同的 SqlSession 两次执⾏相同的 namespace 下的 SQL 语句,参数也相等,则第⼀次执⾏成功之后会将数据保存到⼆级 缓存中,第⼆次可直接从⼆级缓存中取出数据。
代码
- 一级缓存
package com.oeong.test;
import com.oeong.entity.Account;
import com.oeong.repository.AccountRepository;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import java.io.InputStream;
public class Test4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InputStream inputStream =
Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.xml");
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new
SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory =
sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
AccountRepository accountRepository =
sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account);
sqlSession.close();
sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
accountRepository = sqlSession.getMapper(AccountRepository.class);
Account account1 = accountRepository.findById(1L);
System.out.println(account1);
}
}
- 二级缓存
1、MyBatis 自带的二级缓存
config.xml配置开启二级缓存
<settings>
<!-- 打印SQL-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />
<!-- 开启延迟加载 -->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<!-- 开启⼆级缓存 -->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
Mapper.xml 配置二级缓存
<cache></cache>
实体类实现序列化接口
package com.oeong.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor // 有参构造
@NoArgsConstructor // 无参构造
public class Account implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String username;
private String password;
private int age;
}
2、ehcache 二级缓存
pom.xml 添加相关依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
<artifactId>ehcache-core</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
</dependency>
添加ehcache.xml
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../config/ehcache.xsd">
<diskStore/>
<defaultCache
maxElementsInMemory="1000"
maxElementsOnDisk="10000000"
eternal="false"
overflowToDisk="false"
timeToIdleSeconds="120"
timeToLiveSeconds="120"
diskExpiryThreadIntervalSeconds="120"
memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="LRU">
</defaultCache>
</ehcache>
config.xml 开启二级缓存
<settings>
<!-- 打印SQL-->
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING" />
<!-- 开启延迟加载 -->
<setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
<!-- 开启⼆级缓存 -->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
Mapper.xml 中配置二级缓存
<cache type="org.mybatis.caches.ehcache.EhcacheCache">
<!-- 缓存创建之后,最后⼀次访问缓存的时间⾄缓存失效的时间间隔 -->
<property name="timeToIdleSeconds" value="3600"/>
<!-- 缓存⾃创建时间起⾄失效的时间间隔 -->
<property name="timeToLiveSeconds" value="3600"/>
<!-- 缓存回收策略,LRU表示移除近期使⽤最少的对象 -->
<property name="memoryStoreEvictionPolicy" value="LRU"/>
</cache>
实体类不需要实现序列化接口
public class Account {}
动态SQL
程序可以⾃动根据业务参数来决定 SQL 的组成,使⽤动态 SQL 可简化代码的开发。
- if标签
<select id="findByAccount" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account where
<if test="id!=0">
id = #{id}
</if>
<if test="username!=null">
and username = #{username}
</if>
<if test="password!=null">
and password = #{password}
</if>
<if test="age!=0">
and age = #{age}
</if>
</select>
if 标签可以⾃动根据表达式的结果来决定是否将对应的语句添加到 SQL 中,如果条件不成⽴则不添加, 如果条件成⽴则添加。
- where标签
<select id="findByAccount" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account" resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account
<where>
<if test="id!=0">
id = #{id}
</if>
<if test="username!=null">
and username = #{username}
</if>
<if test="password!=null">
and password = #{password}
</if>
<if test="age!=0">
and age = #{age}
</if>
</where>
</select>
where 标签可以⾃动判断是否要删除语句块中的 and 关键字,如果检测到 where 直接跟 and 拼接,则 ⾃动删除 and,通常情况下 if 和 where 结合起来使⽤。
- choose、when标签
<select id="findByAccount" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account"
resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account
<where>
<choose>
<when test="id!=0">
id = #{id}
</when>
<when test="username!=null">
and username = #{username}
</when>
<when test="password!=null">
and password = #{password}
</when>
<when test="age!=0">
and age = #{age}
</when>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
- trim标签
trim 标签中的 prefix 和 suffix 属性会被⽤于⽣成实际的 SQL 语句,会和标签内部的语句进⾏拼接,如 果语句前后出现了 prefixOverrides 或者 suffixOverrides 属性中指定的值,MyBatis 框架会⾃动将其删 除。
<select id="findByAccount" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account"
resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account
<trim prefix="where" prefixOverrides="and">
<if test="id!=0">
id = #{id}
</if>
<if test="username!=null">
and username = #{username}
</if>
<if test="password!=null">
and password = #{password}
</if>
<if test="age!=0">
and age = #{age}
</if>
</trim>
</select>
- set标签
set 标签⽤于 update 操作,会⾃动根据参数选择⽣成 SQL 语句。
<update id="update" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
update t_account
<set>
<if test="username!=null">
username = #{username},
</if>
<if test="password!=null">
password = #{password},
</if>
<if test="age!=0">
age = #{age}
</if>
</set>
where id = #{id}
</update>
Account account = new Account();
account.setId(1);
account.setAge(22);
System.out.println(accountRepository.update(account));
sqlSession.commit();
- foreach
foreach 标签可以迭代⽣成⼀系列值,这个标签主要⽤于 SQL 的 in 语句。
<select id="findByIds" parameterType="com.oeong.entity.Account"
resultType="com.oeong.entity.Account">
select * from t_account
<where>
<foreach collection="ids" open="id in (" close=")" item="id"
separator=",">
#{id}
</foreach>
</where>
</select>