python 提取字符中的数字
一、isdigit()函数
isdigit()函数是检测输入字符串是否只由数字组成。如果字符串只包含数字则返回 True 否则返回 False。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
dream = "123456" print (dream.isdigit()) # 返回:True dream = "123abc456" print (dream.isdigit()) # 返回:False dream = 'abcd' print (dream.isdigit()) # 返回:False |
二、filter() 函数
说明:filter() 函数用于过滤序列,过滤掉不符合条件的元素,返回一个迭代器对象;
如果要转换为列表,可以使用 list() 来转换。
该接收两个参数,第一个为函数,第二个为序列,序列的每个元素作为参数传递给函数进行判断,然后返回 True 或 False,最后将返回 True 的元素放到新列表中。
语法:
1
|
filter (function, iterable) |
1、过滤出列表中的所有奇数:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
def is_odd(n): return n % 2 = = 1 tmplist = filter (is_odd, [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]) newlist = list (tmplist) print (newlist) |
2、过滤出列表中的所有偶数:
1
2
|
l = [x for x in range ( 10 )] print ( list ( filter ( lambda x : x % 2 = = 0 , l))) |
3、过滤出1~100中平方根是整数的数:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
import math def is_sqr(x): return math.sqrt(x) % 1 = = 0 tmplist = filter (is_sqr, range ( 1 , 101 )) newlist = list (tmplist) print (newlist) |
4、删除1-100中素数
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
L = range ( 1 , 101 ) def isprimer(n): flag = 1 for i in range ( 2 , n): if n % i = = 0 : flag = 0 if flag = = 0 : return n print ( list ( filter (isprimer, L))) |
5、去除空格和空值
1
2
3
4
|
def not_empty(s): return s and s.strip() filter (not_empty, [ 'A' , ' ', ' B ', None, ' C ', ' ']) |
6、高阶运用
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
def _odd_iter(): n = 1 while True : n = n + 2 yield n def _not_divisible(n): return lambda x : x % n> 0 def primes(): yield 2 it = _odd_iter() ftr = filter (_not_divisible( 2 ), it) #1 while True : n = next (ftr ) #2 yield n ftr = filter (_not_divisible(n), ftr ) #3 for n in primes(): if n < 100 : print ( 'now:' ,n) else : break |
三、提取一段字符串中的数字
列表转字符串
1
2
3
|
number = [ '12' , '333' , '4' ] number_ = "".join(number) # 列表转字符串 print (number_) # 123334 |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
a = "".join( list ( filter ( str .isdigit, '123ab45' ))) print (a) # 返回12345 b = list ( filter ( str .isdigit, '123ab45' )) print (b) # 返回['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'] |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
time_ = "2019年09月04日 11:00" time_filter = filter ( str .isdigit, time_) print (time_filter) # <filter object at 0x0000019358731BE0> print ( type (time_filter)) # <class 'filter'> time_list = list (time_filter) # ['2', '0', '1', '9', '0', '9', '0', '4', '1', '1', '0', '0'] time_str = "".join(time_list) # 转为str 201909041100 time_int = int (time_str) # 转为int 201909041100 |
利用正则表达式
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
import re str_ = "12今天333天气4不错" number = re.findall( "\d+" ,str_) # 输出结果为列表 print (number) # 输出结果:['12', '333', '4'] |
四、匹配指定字符串开头的数字
例如下面的string:
tensorflow:Final best valid 0 loss=0.20478513836860657 norm_loss=0.767241849151384 roc=0.8262403011322021 pr=0.39401692152023315 calibration=0.9863265752792358 rate=0.0
提取 calibration=0.9863265752792358 .
1
2
3
4
5
|
# 匹配“calibration=”后面的数字 pattern = re. compile (r '(?<=calibration=)\d+\.?\d*' ) pattern.findall(string) # ['0.9863265752792358'] |
五、匹配时间,17:35:24
1
2
3
4
|
string = "WARNING:tensorflow: 20181011 15:28:39 Initialize training" pattern = re. compile (r '\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}' ) pattern.findall(string) # ['15:28:39'] |
提取两个下划线中的数字 比如 _500_
string
=
"WARNING:tensorflow: _500_ Initialize training"
pattern
=
re.
compile
(r
'_(\d+)_'
)
pattern.findall(string)
# 500
六、匹配时间,20181011 15:28:39
1
2
3
4
|
string = "WARNING:tensorflow: 20181011 15:28:39 Initialize training" pattern = re. compile (r '\d{4}\d{2}\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}' ) pattern.findall(string) # ['20181011 15:28:39'] |