Tomcat启动分析
Tomcat启动分析
1 - Tomcat Server的组成部分
1.1 - Server
A Server element represents the entire Catalina servlet container. (Singleton)
1.2 - Service
A Service element represents the combination of one or more Connector components that share a
single Engine
Service是这样一个集合:它由一个或者多个Connector组成,以及一个Engine,负责处理所有Connector所获得的客户请求
1.3 - Connector
一个Connector将在某个指定端口上侦听客户请求,并将获得的请求交给Engine来处理,从Engine处获得回应并返回客户
TOMCAT有两个典型的Connector,一个直接侦听来自browser的http请求,一个侦听来自其它WebServer的请求
Coyote Http/1.1 Connector 在端口8080处侦听来自客户browser的http请求
Coyote JK2 Connector 在端口8009处侦听来自其它WebServer(Apache)的servlet/jsp代理请求
1.4 - Engine
Engine下可以配置多个虚拟主机Virtual Host,每个虚拟主机都有一个域名
当Engine获得一个请求时,它把该请求匹配到某个Host上,然后把该请求交给该Host来处理Engine有一个默认虚拟主机,当请求无法匹配到任何一个Host上的时候,将交给该默认Host来处理
1.5 - Host
代表一个Virtual Host,虚拟主机,每个虚拟主机和某个网络域名Domain Name相匹配
每个虚拟主机下都可以部署(deploy)一个或者多个Web App,每个Web App对应于一个Context,有一个Context path
当Host获得一个请求时,将把该请求匹配到某个Context上,然后把该请求交给该Context来处理
匹配的方法是“最长匹配”,所以一个path==""的Context将成为该Host的默认Context
所有无法和其它Context的路径名匹配的请求都将最终和该默认Context匹配
1.6 - Context
一个Context对应于一个Web Application,一个Web Application由一个或者多个Servlet组成
Context在创建的时候将根据配置文件$CATALINA_HOME/conf/web.xml和$WEBAPP_HOME/WEB-INF/web.xml载入Servlet类
当Context获得请求时,将在自己的映射表(mapping table)中寻找相匹配的Servlet类
如果找到,则执行该类,获得请求的回应,并返回
2 - Tomcat Server的结构图
3 - 配置文件$CATALI
NA_HOME/conf/server.xml的说明
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该文件描述了如何启动Tomcat Server
4 - Context的部署配置文件web.xml的说明
一个Context对应于一个Web App,每个Web App是由一个或者多个servlet组成的当一个Web App被初始化的时候,它将用自己的ClassLoader对象载入“部署配置文件web.xml”中定义的每个servlet类它首先载入在$CATALINA_HOME/conf/web.xml中部署的servlet类然后载入在自己的Web App根目录下的WEB-INF/web.xml中部署的servlet类web.xml文件有两部分:servlet类定义和servlet映射定义
每个被载入的servlet类都有一个名字,且被填入该Context的映射表(mapping table)中,和某种URL PATTERN对应当该Context获得请求时,将查询mapping table,找到被请求的servlet,并执行以获得请求回应
分析一下所有的Context共享的web.xml文件,在其中定义的servlet被所有的Web App载入
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5 - Tomcat Server处理一个http请求的过程
假设来自客户的请求为:
http://localhost:8080/wsota/wsota_index.jsp
1) 请求被发送到本机端口8080,被在那里侦听的Coyote HTTP/1.1 Connector获得
2) Connector把该请求交给它所在的Service的Engine来处理,并等待来自Engine的回应
3) Engine获得请求localhost/wsota/wsota_index.jsp,匹配它所拥有的所有虚拟主机Host
4) Engine匹配到名为localhost的Host(即使匹配不到也把请求交给该Host处理,因为该Host被定义为该Engine的默认主机)
5) localhost Host获得请求/wsota/wsota_index.jsp,匹配它所拥有的所有Context
6) Host匹配到路径为/wsota的Context(如果匹配不到就把该请求交给路径名为""的Context去处理)
7) path="/wsota"的Context获得请求/wsota_index.jsp,在它的mapping table中寻找对应的servlet
8) Context匹配到URL PATTERN为*.jsp的servlet,对应于JspServlet类
9) 构造HttpServletRequest对象和HttpServletResponse对象,作为参数调用JspServlet的doGet或doPost方法
10)Context把执行完了之后的HttpServletResponse对象返回给Host
11)Host把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Engine
12)Engine把HttpServletResponse对象返回给Connector
13)Connector把HttpServletResponse对象返回给客户browser
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