web.xml中的ContextLoaderListener和DispatcherServlet区别
ContextLoaderListener和DispatcherServlet都会在Web容器启动的时候加载一下bean配置. 区别在于:
DispatcherServlet一般会加载MVC相关的bean配置管理(如: ViewResolver, Controller, MultipartResolver, ExceptionHandler, etc.)
ContextLoaderListener一般会加载整个Spring容器相关的bean配置管理(如: Log, Service, Dao, PropertiesLoader, DataSource Bean, etc.)
ContextLoaderListener继承ContextLoader类,实现ServletContextListener接口(该接口监听servlet容器的启动和销毁),ContextLoaderListener重写了监听容器启动和销毁的方法,在启动时(contextInitialized),会调用initWebApplicationContext方法,进行web容器初始化。
/** * Initialize the root web application context. */ @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) { initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); } /** * Close the root web application context. */ @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) { closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext()); }
在initWebApplicationContext方法时父类contextloader内的方法(精简):
在方法内回调用createWebApplicationContext()创建容器,该容器回根据spring内部的配置文件创建,最后强制为ConfigurableWebApplicationContext对象
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) { if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " + "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!"); } try { // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that // it is available on ServletContext shutdown. if (this.context == null) { this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);//ConfigurableWebApplicationContext类型对象 } if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {//进行初始化操作 ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); cwac.setParent(parent); } configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);//真正初始化,在该方法内部有refresh()方法,在方法回调用ConfigurableWebApplicationContext父类的refresh()方法进行容器初始化
//也就是AbstractApplicationContext类中的refresh()方法 } } servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context); return this.context; } }
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) { Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc); if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() + "] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]"); } return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); }
protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) { String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM); if (contextClassName != null) { try { return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException( "Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex); } } else { contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName()); try {//通过反射得到一个class对象 return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) { throw new ApplicationContextException( "Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex); } } }
DispatcherServlet本质是一个servlet,能够拦截请求
servlet会有初始化init,同dispatcherservlet,会进行一些初始化操作:
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
//初始化多部请求解析器,没有默认的实现
initMultipartResolver(context); //文件上传
//初始化地域解析器,默认实现是AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver
initLocaleResolver(context);
//初始化主题解析器,默认实现是FixedThemeResolver
initThemeResolver(context);
//初始化处理器映射,这是个集合, 默认实现是BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping和DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
initHandlerMappings(context);
//初始化处理器适配器,这是个集合,默认实现是HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
initHandlerAdapters(context);
//初始化处理器异常解析器,这是个集合,默认实现是AnnotationMethodHandlerExceptionResolver,ResponseStatusExceptionResolver和DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
//初始化请求到视图名解析器,默认实现是DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
//初始化视图解析器,这是个集合,默认实现是InternalResourceViewResolver
initViewResolvers(context);
}