matplotlib---1.查看配置、修改配置、配置文件

matplotlib配置信息是从配置文件中读取的。在配置文件中可以为matplotlib几乎所有的属性指定永久有效的默认值。

1.查看配置

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1 2	import matplotlib matplotlib.rcParams

结果：

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RcParams({'_internal.classic_mode': False,           'agg.path.chunksize': 0,           'animation.avconv_args': [],           'animation.avconv_path': 'avconv',           'animation.bitrate': -1,           'animation.codec': 'h264',           'animation.convert_args': [],           'animation.convert_path': 'convert',           'animation.embed_limit': 20.0,           'animation.ffmpeg_args': [],           'animation.ffmpeg_path': 'ffmpeg',           'animation.frame_format': 'png',           'animation.html': 'none',           'animation.html_args': [],           'animation.writer': 'ffmpeg',           'axes.autolimit_mode': 'data',           'axes.axisbelow': True,           'axes.edgecolor': '.15',           'axes.facecolor': 'white',           'axes.formatter.limits': [-7, 7],           'axes.formatter.min_exponent': 0,           'axes.formatter.offset_threshold': 4,           'axes.formatter.use_locale': False,           'axes.formatter.use_mathtext': False,           'axes.formatter.useoffset': True,           'axes.grid': False,           'axes.grid.axis': 'both',           'axes.grid.which': 'major',           'axes.hold': None,           'axes.labelcolor': '.15',           'axes.labelpad': 4.0,           'axes.labelsize': 12.0,           'axes.labelweight': 'normal',           'axes.linewidth': 1.25,           'axes.prop_cycle': cycler('color', [(0.2980392156862745, 0.4470588235294118, 0.6901960784313725), (0.8666666666666667, 0.5176470588235295, 0.3215686274509804), (0.3333333333333333, 0.6588235294117647, 0.40784313725490196), (0.7686274509803922, 0.3058823529411765, 0.3215686274509804), (0.5058823529411764, 0.4470588235294118, 0.7019607843137254), (0.5764705882352941, 0.47058823529411764, 0.3764705882352941), (0.8549019607843137, 0.5450980392156862, 0.7647058823529411), (0.5490196078431373, 0.5490196078431373, 0.5490196078431373), (0.8, 0.7254901960784313, 0.4549019607843137), (0.39215686274509803, 0.7098039215686275, 0.803921568627451)]),           'axes.spines.bottom': True,           'axes.spines.left': True,           'axes.spines.right': True,           'axes.spines.top': True,           'axes.titlepad': 6.0,           'axes.titlesize': 12.0,           'axes.titleweight': 'normal',           'axes.unicode_minus': True,           'axes.xmargin': 0.05,           'axes.ymargin': 0.05,           'axes3d.grid': True,           'backend': 'module://ipykernel.pylab.backend_inline',           'backend.qt4': None,           'backend.qt5': None,           'backend_fallback': True,           'boxplot.bootstrap': None,           'boxplot.boxprops.color': 'k',           'boxplot.boxprops.linestyle': '-',           'boxplot.boxprops.linewidth': 1.0,           'boxplot.capprops.color': 'k',           'boxplot.capprops.linestyle': '-',           'boxplot.capprops.linewidth': 1.0,           'boxplot.flierprops.color': 'k',           'boxplot.flierprops.linestyle': 'none',           'boxplot.flierprops.linewidth': 1.0,           'boxplot.flierprops.marker': 'o',           'boxplot.flierprops.markeredgecolor': 'k',           'boxplot.flierprops.markerfacecolor': 'none',           'boxplot.flierprops.markersize': 6.0,           'boxplot.meanline': False,           'boxplot.meanprops.color': 'C2',           'boxplot.meanprops.linestyle': '--',           'boxplot.meanprops.linewidth': 1.0,           'boxplot.meanprops.marker': '^',           'boxplot.meanprops.markeredgecolor': 'C2',           'boxplot.meanprops.markerfacecolor': 'C2',           'boxplot.meanprops.markersize': 6.0,           'boxplot.medianprops.color': 'C1',           'boxplot.medianprops.linestyle': '-',           'boxplot.medianprops.linewidth': 1.0,           'boxplot.notch': False,           'boxplot.patchartist': False,           'boxplot.showbox': True,           'boxplot.showcaps': True,           'boxplot.showfliers': True,           'boxplot.showmeans': False,           'boxplot.vertical': True,           'boxplot.whiskerprops.color': 'k',           'boxplot.whiskerprops.linestyle': '-',           'boxplot.whiskerprops.linewidth': 1.0,           'boxplot.whiskers': 1.5,           'contour.corner_mask': True,           'contour.negative_linestyle': 'dashed',           'datapath': 'c:\\users\\nxf\\appdata\\local\\programs\\python\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\matplotlib\\mpl-data',           'date.autoformatter.day': '%Y-%m-%d',           'date.autoformatter.hour': '%m-%d %H',           'date.autoformatter.microsecond': '%M:%S.%f',           'date.autoformatter.minute': '%d %H:%M',           'date.autoformatter.month': '%Y-%m',           'date.autoformatter.second': '%H:%M:%S',           'date.autoformatter.year': '%Y',           'docstring.hardcopy': False,           'errorbar.capsize': 0.0,           'examples.directory': '',           'figure.autolayout': False,           'figure.constrained_layout.h_pad': 0.04167,           'figure.constrained_layout.hspace': 0.02,           'figure.constrained_layout.use': False,           'figure.constrained_layout.w_pad': 0.04167,           'figure.constrained_layout.wspace': 0.02,           'figure.dpi': 72.0,           'figure.edgecolor': (1, 1, 1, 0),           'figure.facecolor': 'white',           'figure.figsize': [6.0, 4.0],           'figure.frameon': True,           'figure.max_open_warning': 20,           'figure.subplot.bottom': 0.125,           'figure.subplot.hspace': 0.2,           'figure.subplot.left': 0.125,           'figure.subplot.right': 0.9,           'figure.subplot.top': 0.88,           'figure.subplot.wspace': 0.2,           'figure.titlesize': 'large',           'figure.titleweight': 'normal',           'font.cursive': ['Apple Chancery',                            'Textile',                            'Zapf Chancery',                            'Sand',                            'Script MT',                            'Felipa',                            'cursive'],           'font.family': ['sans-serif'],           'font.fantasy': ['Comic Sans MS',                            'Chicago',                            'Charcoal',                            'ImpactWestern',                            'Humor Sans',                            'xkcd',                            'fantasy'],           'font.monospace': ['DejaVu Sans Mono',                              'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono',                              'Computer Modern Typewriter',                              'Andale Mono',                              'Nimbus Mono L',                              'Courier New',                              'Courier',                              'Fixed',                              'Terminal',                              'monospace'],           'font.sans-serif': ['Arial',                               'DejaVu Sans',                               'Liberation Sans',                               'Bitstream Vera Sans',                               'sans-serif'],           'font.serif': ['DejaVu Serif',                          'Bitstream Vera Serif',                          'Computer Modern Roman',                          'New Century Schoolbook',                          'Century Schoolbook L',                          'Utopia',                          'ITC Bookman',                          'Bookman',                          'Nimbus Roman No9 L',                          'Times New Roman',                          'Times',                          'Palatino',                          'Charter',                          'serif'],           'font.size': 12.0,           'font.stretch': 'normal',           'font.style': 'normal',           'font.variant': 'normal',           'font.weight': 'normal',           'grid.alpha': 1.0,           'grid.color': '.8',           'grid.linestyle': '-',           'grid.linewidth': 1.0,           'hatch.color': 'k',           'hatch.linewidth': 1.0,           'hist.bins': 10,           'image.aspect': 'equal',           'image.cmap': 'rocket',           'image.composite_image': True,           'image.interpolation': 'nearest',           'image.lut': 256,           'image.origin': 'upper',           'image.resample': True,           'interactive': True,           'keymap.all_axes': ['a'],           'keymap.back': ['left', 'c', 'backspace'],           'keymap.forward': ['right', 'v'],           'keymap.fullscreen': ['f', 'ctrl+f'],           'keymap.grid': ['g'],           'keymap.grid_minor': ['G'],           'keymap.home': ['h', 'r', 'home'],           'keymap.pan': ['p'],           'keymap.quit': ['ctrl+w', 'cmd+w', 'q'],           'keymap.quit_all': ['W', 'cmd+W', 'Q'],           'keymap.save': ['s', 'ctrl+s'],           'keymap.xscale': ['k', 'L'],           'keymap.yscale': ['l'],           'keymap.zoom': ['o'],           'legend.borderaxespad': 0.5,           'legend.borderpad': 0.4,           'legend.columnspacing': 2.0,           'legend.edgecolor': '0.8',           'legend.facecolor': 'inherit',           'legend.fancybox': True,           'legend.fontsize': 11.0,           'legend.framealpha': 0.8,           'legend.frameon': True,           'legend.handleheight': 0.7,           'legend.handlelength': 2.0,           'legend.handletextpad': 0.8,           'legend.labelspacing': 0.5,           'legend.loc': 'best',           'legend.markerscale': 1.0,           'legend.numpoints': 1,           'legend.scatterpoints': 1,           'legend.shadow': False,           'lines.antialiased': True,           'lines.color': 'C0',           'lines.dash_capstyle': 'butt',           'lines.dash_joinstyle': 'round',           'lines.dashdot_pattern': [6.4, 1.6, 1.0, 1.6],           'lines.dashed_pattern': [3.7, 1.6],           'lines.dotted_pattern': [1.0, 1.65],           'lines.linestyle': '-',           'lines.linewidth': 5.0,           'lines.marker': 'None',           'lines.markeredgewidth': 1.0,           'lines.markersize': 6.0,           'lines.scale_dashes': True,           'lines.solid_capstyle': 'round',           'lines.solid_joinstyle': 'round',           'markers.fillstyle': 'full',           'mathtext.bf': 'sans:bold',           'mathtext.cal': 'cursive',           'mathtext.default': 'it',           'mathtext.fallback_to_cm': True,           'mathtext.fontset': 'dejavusans',           'mathtext.it': 'sans:italic',           'mathtext.rm': 'sans',           'mathtext.sf': 'sans',           'mathtext.tt': 'monospace',           'patch.antialiased': True,           'patch.edgecolor': 'w',           'patch.facecolor': (0.2980392156862745,                               0.4470588235294118,                               0.6901960784313725),           'patch.force_edgecolor': True,           'patch.linewidth': 1.0,           'path.effects': [],           'path.simplify': True,           'path.simplify_threshold': 0.1111111111111111,           'path.sketch': None,           'path.snap': True,           'pdf.compression': 6,           'pdf.fonttype': 3,           'pdf.inheritcolor': False,           'pdf.use14corefonts': False,           'pgf.debug': False,           'pgf.preamble': [],           'pgf.rcfonts': True,           'pgf.texsystem': 'xelatex',           'polaraxes.grid': True,           'ps.distiller.res': 6000,           'ps.fonttype': 3,           'ps.papersize': 'letter',           'ps.useafm': False,           'ps.usedistiller': False,           'savefig.bbox': None,           'savefig.directory': '~',           'savefig.dpi': 'figure',           'savefig.edgecolor': 'w',           'savefig.facecolor': 'w',           'savefig.format': 'png',           'savefig.frameon': True,           'savefig.jpeg_quality': 95,           'savefig.orientation': 'portrait',           'savefig.pad_inches': 0.1,           'savefig.transparent': False,           'scatter.marker': 'o',           'svg.fonttype': 'path',           'svg.hashsalt': None,           'svg.image_inline': True,           'text.antialiased': True,           'text.color': '.15',           'text.hinting': 'auto',           'text.hinting_factor': 8,           'text.latex.preamble': [],           'text.latex.preview': False,           'text.latex.unicode': False,           'text.usetex': False,           'timezone': 'UTC',           'tk.window_focus': False,           'toolbar': 'toolbar2',           'verbose.fileo': 'sys.stdout',           'verbose.level': 'silent',           'webagg.address': '127.0.0.1',           'webagg.open_in_browser': True,           'webagg.port': 8988,           'webagg.port_retries': 50,           'xtick.alignment': 'center',           'xtick.bottom': True,           'xtick.color': '.15',           'xtick.direction': 'out',           'xtick.labelbottom': True,           'xtick.labelsize': 11.0,           'xtick.labeltop': False,           'xtick.major.bottom': True,           'xtick.major.pad': 3.5,           'xtick.major.size': 6.0,           'xtick.major.top': True,           'xtick.major.width': 1.25,           'xtick.minor.bottom': True,           'xtick.minor.pad': 3.4,           'xtick.minor.size': 4.0,           'xtick.minor.top': True,           'xtick.minor.visible': False,           'xtick.minor.width': 1.0,           'xtick.top': False,           'ytick.alignment': 'center_baseline',           'ytick.color': '.15',           'ytick.direction': 'out',           'ytick.labelleft': True,           'ytick.labelright': False,           'ytick.labelsize': 11.0,           'ytick.left': True,           'ytick.major.left': True,           'ytick.major.pad': 3.5,           'ytick.major.right': True,           'ytick.major.size': 6.0,           'ytick.major.width': 1.25,           'ytick.minor.left': True,           'ytick.minor.pad': 3.4,           'ytick.minor.right': True,           'ytick.minor.size': 4.0,           'ytick.minor.visible': False,           'ytick.minor.width': 1.0,           'ytick.right': False})

2.修改配置

（1）可以通过 matplotlib.rcParams字典修改所有已经加载的配置项　

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mp.rcParams['lines.color'] # 'C0'   mp.rcParams['lines.color']='r' mp.rcParams['lines.color'] # 'r'

（2）可以通过matplotlib.rc(*args,**kwargs)来修改配置项，其中args是你要修改的属性，kwargs是属性的关键字属性

（3）可以调用matplotlib.rcdefaults()将所有配置重置为标准设置。

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>>> help(mp.rcdefaults) Help on function rcdefaults in module matplotlib:   rcdefaults()     Restore the rc params from Matplotlib's internal defaults.           See Also     --------     rc_file_defaults :         Restore the rc params from the rc file originally loaded by Matplotlib.     matplotlib.style.use :         Use a specific style file.  Call ``style.use('default')`` to restore         the default style.

3.配置文件

如果不希望在每次代码开始时进行参数配置，则可以在项目中给出配置文件。配置文件有三个位置：

1. 系统级配置文件：通常在python的site-packages目录下。每次重装matplotlib之后该配置文件就会被覆盖。

2. 用户级配置文件：通常在$HOME目录下。可以用matplotlib.get_configdir()函数来查找当前用户的配置文件目录。可以通过MATPLOTLIBRC修改它的位置。

3. 当前工作目录：即项目的目录。在当前目录下，可以为目录所包含的当前项目给出配置文件，文件名为matplotlibrc。

优先级顺序是： 当前工作目录 > 用户级配置文件 > 系统级配置文件。查看当前使用的配置文件的路径为： matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()函数。

配置文件的内容常见的有以下几种：

1. axes:设置坐标轴边界和表面的颜色、坐标刻度值大小和网格的显示
2. backend：设置目标输出TkAgg和GTKAgg
3. figure:控制dpi、边界颜色、图像大小和子区(subplot)设置
4. font：字体(font family)、字体大小和样式设置
5. grid:设置网格颜色和线型
6. legend：设置图例以及其中的文本显示
7. line：设置线条（颜色、线型、宽度等）和标记
8. patch: 填充2D空间的图形图像，如多边形和圆。控制线宽、颜色和抗锯齿设置等。
9. savefig:对保存的图形进行单独设置。如渲染的文件背景为白色。
10. text：设置字体颜色、文本解析（纯文本和latex标记）等。
11. verbose:设置matplotlib执行期间的信息输出，如silent、helpful、debug和debug--annoying
12. xticks和yticks：为x、y轴的主刻度和次刻度设置颜色、大小、方向以及标签大小