数据库作业-1
数据库作业-1
0.mysql5.7 安装
一.安装数据库（编译-二进制）
1、创建用户
[root@mysqlmaster~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysqlmaster~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql
2、创建目录
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mkdir /data/mysql -p
[root@mysqlmaster~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
3、准备二进制程序
[root@mysqlmaster~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
或
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2023-06-07 10:54:29-- https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
正在解析主机 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 104.70.237.54
正在连接 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|104.70.237.54|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：1005660160 (959M) [application/x-tar]
正在保存至: “mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar”
100%[====================================================================================================>] 1,005,660,160 26.6MB/s 用时 29s
2023-06-07 10:54:58 (32.8 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar” [1005660160/1005660160])
[root@mysqlmaster~]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-test-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-router-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@mysqlmaster~]#tar xf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysqlmaster~]# cd /usr/local
[root@node-centos7-70 local]# ln -sv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
4、安装依赖包
[root@mysqlmaster~]# yum install -y libaio numactl-libs
5、设置PATH环境变量
[root@mysqlmaster~]# echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysqlmaster~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
6、创建配置文件
[root@mysqlmaster~]# tee > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
EOF
7、创建数据库文件，并提取root密码
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@mysqlmaster~]# grep password /data/mysql/mysql.log
2023-06-07T03:20:09.342795Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,*9LyAr6wrr#
[root@mysqlmaster~]# awk '/temporary password/{print $NF}' /data/mysql/mysql.log
,*9LyAr6wrr#
8、创建服务脚本，并启动服务
[root@mysqlmaster~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysqlmaster~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysqlmaster~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
9、修改初始密码，测试访问数据库
mysql（master）
sJDiAp3,stla
mysql（slave）
Mi*tYko=d7ZJ
mysqladmin -uroot -p'EjJuF5hUQa:r' password 'mysql'
mysqladmin -uroot -p'p?vfl2d_iE5l' password 'mysql'
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p',*9LyAr6wrr#' password 'mysql'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
1 .增删改查sql语句写一下 ：
写出Mysql创建HRM数据库的语句，如果HRM数据库存在，删除它重建；并在HRM数据库创建一张user表，表包含自增量id，以及姓名name(25个字符串)
#创建HRM数据
create database HRM;
#删除已经存在的HRM数据库
drop database if exists HRM;
drop database HRM;
#切换到HRM数据库
use HRM;
#创建user表
create table if not exists user (id int auto_increment primary key, name varchar(25) not null);
#查看某个user表
show columns from user;
describe user;
#查看所有用户和权限
select user, host from mysql.user;
#刷新权限
flush privileges；
#重新设置
reset master;
reset master all;
#停止数据库/锁库
stop slave;
#查看slave状态
show slave status\G;
#查看主master状态
show master status;
#查看当前所有数据库
show databases;
#查看当前所有表
show tables;
2.公司单机数据库延伸主从架构 实施
环境：虚拟机
MySQL（主） 10.0.1.154
mysql（从） 10.0.1.155
一.安装数据库（编译-二进制）
1、创建用户
[root@mysqlmaster~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysqlmaster~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql
2、创建目录
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mkdir /data/mysql -p
[root@mysqlmaster~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
3、准备二进制程序
[root@mysqlmaster~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
或
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2023-06-07 10:54:29-- https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
正在解析主机 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 104.70.237.54
正在连接 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|104.70.237.54|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：1005660160 (959M) [application/x-tar]
正在保存至: “mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar”
100%[====================================================================================================>] 1,005,660,160 26.6MB/s 用时 29s
2023-06-07 10:54:58 (32.8 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar” [1005660160/1005660160])
[root@mysqlmaster~]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-test-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-router-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@mysqlmaster~]#tar xf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysqlmaster~]# cd /usr/local
[root@node-centos7-70 local]# ln -sv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
4、安装依赖包
[root@mysqlmaster~]# yum install -y libaio numactl-libs
5、设置PATH环境变量
[root@mysqlmaster~]# echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysqlmaster~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
6、创建配置文件
[root@mysqlmaster~]# tee > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
EOF
7、创建数据库文件，并提取root密码
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@mysqlmaster~]# grep password /data/mysql/mysql.log
2023-06-07T03:20:09.342795Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,*9LyAr6wrr#
[root@mysqlmaster~]# awk '/temporary password/{print $NF}' /data/mysql/mysql.log
,*9LyAr6wrr#
8、创建服务脚本，并启动服务
[root@mysqlmaster~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysqlmaster~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysqlmaster~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
9、修改初始密码，测试访问数据库
mysql（master）
sJDiAp3,stla
mysql（slave）
Mi*tYko=d7ZJ
mysqladmin -uroot -p'EjJuF5hUQa:r' password 'mysql'
mysqladmin -uroot -p'p?vfl2d_iE5l' password 'mysql'
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p',*9LyAr6wrr#' password 'mysql'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
9.重启安装（查看服务）
service mysqld start
service mysqld stop
ss-tulpn
二.主库配置
mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql -uroot -pmysql
1.关闭防火墙
开放指定的3306端口号（生产环境当中建议开放指定端口）
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp -permanent
firewall-cmd -reload
关闭服务器的防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
2.配置主库文件信息
vim /etc/my.cnf
log-bin = mysql-bin #开启binlog日志
server-id=1 #默认为1 不能一样
read-only=0 #1代表只读，0代表读写
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #忽略的数据库 指不需要同步的数据库
binlog_format=mixed #设定MySQL二进制日志记录事务的方式，此处采用智能混合格式，根据事务特性自动选择最优方式。
expire_logs_days=10 #设置MySQL二进制日志文件在10天后自动清除，以释放存储空间。
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=1
read-only=0
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days=10
#重启数据库
service mysql restart
3.登录数据库-创建远程连接的账号--并授予主从复制权限（主库）
#登录mysql
mysql -uroot -pmysql
#创建nwq用户，并设置密码，该用户可在任意主机连接改mysql服务
CREATE USER 'nwq'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Root@123456';
#为nwq用户分配主从复制权限
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'nwq'@'%';
#查看二进制日志坐标
show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000004 | 658 | | mysql | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.从库配置
vim /etc/my.cnf
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=11
#super-read-only (设置超级管理员页只读)--非必要
#重启数据库
service mysql restart
5.登录数据库--设置从库配置（从库）
#登录mysql
mysql -uroot -pmysql
#mysql5.7以前版本
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='X',
MASTER_USER='X',
MASTER_PASSWORD='XI',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='XY',
MASTER_LOG_POS=X;
#mysql8.0以上版本
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
SOURCE_HOST='X', #主库ip地址
SOURCE_USER='X', #连接数据库的用户名
SOURCE_PASSWORD='XI', #连接主库的密码
RELAY_LOG_FILE='XY', #--binlog日志文件名 注意：这里应该是RELAY_LOG_FILE而不是MASTER_LOG_FILE，因为后者是主库的设置项
RELAY_LOG_POS=X; #--binlog日志文件位置 同样，应使用RELAY_LOG_POS来指定中继日志的位置
#执行这段（我的mysql是8.0.32版本）
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
SOURCE_HOST='10.0.1.154',
SOURCE_USER='nwq',
SOURCE_PASSWORD='Root@123456',
SOURCE_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
SOURCE_LOG_POS=1784;
6.启动复制进程
start slave;
7.查看从库是否成功与主库同步状态
#show slave status\G;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.1.154
Master_User: nwq
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 658
Relay_Log_File: centos7mage-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 323
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
8.测试
#主库数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#从库数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#创建数据库（主库）---看从库是否有
主库（创建数据库）
mysql> create database jpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| jpress |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从库：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| jpress |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.主主模式实战演示
#步骤
环境：虚拟机
主1：10.0.1.154
主2：10.0.1.155
#tips：此前已做过主从配置，现在只需要把把从变为主-互为主从就可以了
1. 在主服务器上配置 /etc/my.cnf 文件，配置如下：（主1）
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
read-only=0
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_format=mixed
expire_logs_days=10
auto_increment_increment=2 #步进值auto_imcrement。一般有n台主MySQL就填n
auto_increment_offset=1 #起始值。一般填第n台主MySQL。此时为第二台主MySQL
2.在从服务器上配置 /etc/my.cnf 文件，配置如下（主2）
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=2
read-only=0
auto-increment-offset=2
auto-increment-increment=2
3.重启服务（主1主2）
service mysql restart
4.授权账户--密码(主2)
CREATE USER 'nwq'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Root@123456';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'nwq'@'%';
5.（主1）服务器执行一下命令
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
SOURCE_HOST='10.0.1.155',
SOURCE_USER='nwq',
SOURCE_PASSWORD='Root@123456',
SOURCE_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',
SOURCE_LOG_POS=668;
start slave;
6.测试是否可以登录（主1）
mysql -unwq -pRoot@123456 -h 10.0.1.155
7.测试--主主状态
主1：
show master status;
show slave status\G;
主2：
show master status;
show slave status\G;
具体状态
#主1：
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 157 | | mysql | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.1.155
Master_User: nwq
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 668
Relay_Log_File: centos7mage-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 326
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#主2：
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 668 | | | |
+------------------+-----
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for source to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.1.154
Master_User: nwq
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 157
Relay_Log_File: centos7mage-relay-bin.000007
Relay_Log_Pos: 326
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
8.测试
#主2：创建nwq数据库--主1是否显示？
mysql> create database nwq;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| nwq |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| nwq |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#主1：创建nwq数据库--主2是否显示？
mysql> create database kaige;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| kaige |
| mysql |
| nwq |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
4.数据库MHA 高可用实施
#步骤
环境：虚拟机
主：10.0.1.154
从1：10.0.1.155
从2：10.0.1.156
一.安装数据库（编译-二进制）
1、创建用户
[root@mysqlmaster~]# groupadd mysql
[root@mysqlmaster~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin mysql
2、创建目录
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mkdir /data/mysql -p
[root@mysqlmaster~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
3、准备二进制程序
[root@mysqlmaster~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
或
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
--2023-06-07 10:54:29-- https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
正在解析主机 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 104.70.237.54
正在连接 cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|104.70.237.54|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：1005660160 (959M) [application/x-tar]
正在保存至: “mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar”
100%[====================================================================================================>] 1,005,660,160 26.6MB/s 用时 29s
2023-06-07 10:54:58 (32.8 MB/s) - 已保存 “mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar” [1005660160/1005660160])
[root@mysqlmaster~]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql-test-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-router-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@mysqlmaster~]#tar xf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
[root@mysqlmaster~]# cd /usr/local
[root@node-centos7-70 local]# ln -sv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64"
4、安装依赖包
[root@mysqlmaster~]# yum install -y libaio numactl-libs
5、设置PATH环境变量
[root@mysqlmaster~]# echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mysqlmaster~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
6、创建配置文件
[root@mysqlmaster~]# tee > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
EOF
7、创建数据库文件，并提取root密码
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@mysqlmaster~]# grep password /data/mysql/mysql.log
2023-06-07T03:20:09.342795Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,*9LyAr6wrr#
[root@mysqlmaster~]# awk '/temporary password/{print $NF}' /data/mysql/mysql.log
,*9LyAr6wrr#
8、创建服务脚本，并启动服务
[root@mysqlmaster~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysqlmaster~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mysqlmaster~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
9、修改初始密码，测试访问数据库
mysql（master）
sJDiAp3,stla
mysql（slave）
Mi*tYko=d7ZJ
mysqladmin -uroot -p'ODq06w:4FwzO' password 'mysql'
mysqladmin -uroot -p'p?vfl2d_iE5l' password 'mysql'
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p',*9LyAr6wrr#' password 'mysql'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysqlmaster~]# mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
9.重启安装（查看服务）
service mysqld start
service mysqld stop
ss-tulpn
二.主库配置
mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql -uroot -pmysql
1.关闭防火墙
开放指定的3306端口号（生产环境当中建议开放指定端口）
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp -permanent
firewall-cmd -reload
关闭服务器的防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
2.配置主库文件信息
vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
log-bin = mysql-bin #开启binlog日志
server-id=1 #默认为1 不能一样
binlog_format=mixed #设定MySQL二进制日志记录事务的方式，此处采用智能混合格式，根据事务特性自动选择最优方式。
expire_logs_days=10 #设置MySQL二进制日志文件在10天后自动清除，以释放存储空间。
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
#重启数据库
service mysql restart
3.登录数据库-创建远程连接的账号--并授予主从复制权限（主库）
#登录mysql
mysql -uroot -pmysql
#创建nwq用户，并设置密码，该用户可在任意主机连接改mysql服务
grant all on *.* to nwq@"%" identified by "Hello123";
flush privileges;
#测试nwq用户是否可以在其他机器上登录
mysql -unwq -pHello123 -h 10.0.1.154
----------------------------------------------------------------
###tips：正常这里需要测试创建的这个用户，有没有存在，我们这里是需要创建mha高可用，这个用户在三台所有节点上都创建一下，并授予相关权限，我这里踩了很大的坑，一坑接一坑，
1.虚拟机克隆--uuid问题
2.主服务器nwq授权权限不够问题
3.在执行数据库权限等问题时，最好停止数据库，在进行设置，因为我们的每个操作，还是需要再数据库停止状态下执行才安全
4. 如果遇见账户密码不对，也可以删除账户，重新设置账户和密码DROP USER 'nwq'@'%';
5.最好执行每个命令都刷新一下flush privileges;
----------------------------------------------------------------
#查看二进制日志坐标
show master status;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000004 | 658 | | mysql | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4.从库配置（从库1/2）
vim /etc/my.cnf
从库1
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=2
从库2
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=3
#super-read-only (设置超级管理员页只读)--非必要
#重启数据库
service mysql restart
5.登录数据库--设置从库配置
#登录mysql
mysql -uroot -pmysql
#mysql5.7以前版本
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='X',
MASTER_USER='X',
MASTER_PASSWORD='XI',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='XY',
MASTER_LOG_POS=X;
#mysql8.0以上版本
CHANGE REPLICATION SOURCE TO
SOURCE_HOST='X', #主库ip地址
SOURCE_USER='X', #连接数据库的用户名
SOURCE_PASSWORD='XI', #连接主库的密码
RELAY_LOG_FILE='XY', #--binlog日志文件名 注意：这里应该是RELAY_LOG_FILE而不是MASTER_LOG_FILE，因为后者是主库的设置项
RELAY_LOG_POS=X; #--binlog日志文件位置 同样，应使用RELAY_LOG_POS来指定中继日志的位置
#执行这段（旧版本命令（mysql5.7）从库1
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.154',
MASTER_USER='nwq',
MASTER_PASSWORD='Hello123',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=154;
#从库2
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.154',
MASTER_USER='nwq',
MASTER_PASSWORD='Hello123',
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
MASTER_LOG_POS=585;
# tips：当配置第二个或多个从的时候，一定要再重新获取主的binlog文件名和binlog文件位置或者一下重新配置一主二从也可以
6.启动复制进程（从库1/2）
start slave;
故障问题--uuid问题
原因：虚拟机克隆原因
解决：
stop slave;
select uuid();
vim /data/mysql/auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=919ffd5e-fa24-11ee-854a-000c2924ffe2 # 按照这个16进制格式，修改server-uuid，重启mysql即可
8f3a1727-fa24-11ee-9f13-000c298915ce
919ffd5e-fa24-11ee-854a-000c2924ffe2
7.查看从库是否成功与主库同步状态
#show slave status\G;
#从库1状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.1.154
Master_User: nwq
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 585
Relay_Log_File: centos7mage-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#从库2状态
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.1.154
Master_User: nwq
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 585
Relay_Log_File: centos7mage-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
8.测试
#主库数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#从库数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
#创建数据库（主库）---看从库是否有
主库（创建数据库）
mysql> create database kaige;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| jpress |
| kaige |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
从库1：
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| jpress |
| kaige |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从库2：
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| jpress |
| kaige |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-------------------------------------------------------------
MHA高可用架构
#步骤
环境：虚拟机
主库：10.0.1.154 （master）
从库1:10.0.1.155 （slave）
从库2:10.0.1.156 （MHA manager）
1.配置关键程序软连接（三个都要做）
ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog
ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
2.配置互信（三个都要做）
ssh-keygen
cd .ssh/
cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
scp -r /root/.ssh/ @10.0.1.155:/root
scp -r /root/.ssh/ @10.0.1.156:/root
#测试
ssh 10.0.1.155 ip a
ssh 10.0.1.156 ip a
ssh 10.0.1.154 ip a (在另外一台上测试就可）
3.安装node(三个节点都要做)
#安装依赖
yum install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager -y
#下载noderpm包
https://files.cnblogs.com/files/blogs/816085/mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz?t=1712975272&download=true
wget https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-node/releases/download/v0.58/mha4mysql-node-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
4.安装manager软件（从库2）
yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Config-IniFiles perl-Time-HiRes -y
wget https://github.com/yoshinorim/mha4mysql-manager/releases/download/v0.58/mha4mysql-manager-0.58-0.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
5.创建MHA专用监控管理用户（主库从库1从库2都要建立授权这个账户）
----------------------------------------------------------------
#如果是MySQL8.0执行下面操操作
mysql> create user repluser@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'magedu';
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'10.0.0.%';
mysql> create user mhauser@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'magedu';
mysql> grant all on *.* to mhauser@'10.0.0.%';
-----------------------------------------------------------
#如果是MySQL8.0以前版本执行下面操操作
mysql>grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'10.0.0.%' identified by
'magedu';
mysql>grant all on *.* to mhauser@'10.0.0.%' identified by 'magedu';
#检查所有从库是否同步mha账户
select user, host from mysql.user;
#我自己创建mha的命令（根据自己的版本设置）
mysql> create user mha@'%' identified by 'mha';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to mha@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec
从库1
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+---------------+-----------+
| mha | % |
| mha | 10.0.0.% |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从库2
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+---------------+-----------+
| mha | % |
| mha | 10.0.0.% |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-------------------------------------------------------------
以防万一，最好把之前的主从账号也执行一下，在三台机器上或者在主库机器上，
grant all on *.* to nwq@"%" identified by "Hello123";
flush privileges;
----------------------------------------------------------
主库1状态
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| mha | % |
| nwq | % |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
从库1状态
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| mha | % |
| nwq | % |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
从库2状态
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------------------+-----------+
| mha | % |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.创建配置文件目录（从库2）
mkdir -p /etc/mha
创建日志目录
mkdir -p /var/log/mha/app1
编辑配置文件
cat > /etc/mha/app1.cnf <<EOF
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/mha/app1/manager.log
manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/app1
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql
remote_workdir=/data/mha/app1/
ssh_user=root
user=mha
password=mha
ping_interval=2
repl_password=Hello123
repl_user=nwq
ssh_user=root
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
report_script=/usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
check_repl_delay=0
[server1]
hostname=10.0.1.154
candidate_master=1
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=10.0.1.155
candidate_master=1
port=3306
[server3]
hostname=10.0.1.156
port=3306
EOF
7.配置虚拟vip脚本(主库)
cd /usr/local/bin
vim master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
# Copyright (C) 2011 DeNA Co.,Ltd.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
## Note: This is a sample script and is not complete. Modify the script based on your environment.
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
use MHA::DBHelper;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host,
$orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host,
$new_master_ip, $new_master_port, $new_master_user,
$new_master_password
);
my $vip = '10.0.1.100/24';
my $key = "1";
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key down";
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
'new_master_user=s' => \$new_master_user,
'new_master_password=s' => \$new_master_password,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# invalidate orig_master_ip here.
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
# updating global catalog, etc
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
# all arguments are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# activate new_master_ip here.
# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
#给予执行权限
chmod +x master_ip_failover
#配置虚拟vip（主库）
yum -y install net-tools
ip a a 10.0.1.100/24 dev eth0(#我们这里的脚本是老式命令，所以这个不能用，或者你可以改一下脚本)
ifconfig eth0:1 10.0.1.100/24(临时添加)
ifconfig
8.报警脚本（主库）
cd /usr/local/bin/
vim sendmail.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author: nwq
#QQ: 3078499367
#Date: 2024-06-17
#FileName： /usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
#URL: http://www.sansi.fun
#Description： The test script
#Copyright (C): 2024 All rights reserved
#********************************************************************
echo "MHA is failover" |mail -s "MHA异常警告" 15178374440@163.com
---------------------------------------------------------------
#没有配置邮箱的这里可以再配置一下
安装postfix yum -y install postfix
安装mailx yum -y install mailx
systemctl enable postfix
vim /etc/mail.rc
set from=15178374440@163.com
set smtp=smtp.163.com
set smtp-auth-user=15178374440@163.com
set smtp-auth-password=EEIRWSHHDUOTZZZV
set smtp-auth=login
----------------------------------------------------------------
9.添加主库（master）my.cnf配置
vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve=1
general_log
service mysqld restart
10.添加从库1/2（slave）my.cnf配置
从库1：
vim /etc/my.cnf
read_only
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1 #禁止反向解析
general_log
service mysqld restart
从库2：
vim /etc/my.cnf
read_only
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1 #禁止反向解析
general_log
service mysqld restart
------------------------------------------------------------
#tips：msyql处理主从不一致问题流程
1.停掉数据库状态-----stop slave;
2.重新设置从库信息-------reset slave all;
3.重新配置master信息----CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='10.0.1.154',
MASTER_USER='nwq',
MASTER_PASSWORD='Hello123',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=22454520;
4.启用数据库状态--------start slave;
--------------------------------------------------------------
11.测试是否主从状态是否正常
主库
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS hellodb;
USE hellodb;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS teachers (
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100),
age INT,
gender ENUM('M', 'F') -- 或者使用 VARCHAR 类型存储性别
);
INSERT INTO teachers (name, age, gender) VALUES ('y', 32, 'M');
从库1：
select * from hellodb.teachers;
从库2：
select * from hellodb.teachers;
---------------------------------------------------------------
具体从库1 2 状态
mysql> select * from hellodb.teachers;
+----+------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+------+------+--------+
| 1 | y | 32 | M |
+----+------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from hellodb.teachers;
+----+------+------+--------+
| id | name | age | gender |
+----+------+------+--------+
| 1 | y | 32 | M |
+----+------+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
----------------------------------------------------------------
12.验证SSH状态检查(从2)
masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
具体状态
[root@centos7mage ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug]
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:22) to root@10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:22)..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [debug] ok.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:50 2024 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:22) to root@10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:22)..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] ok.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug]
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:22) to root@10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:22)..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] ok.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:22) to root@10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:22)..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] ok.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:52 2024 - [debug]
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:22) to root@10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:22)..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] ok.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:51 2024 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:22) to root@10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:22)..
Sun Apr 14 10:28:52 2024 - [debug] ok.
Sun Apr 14 10:28:52 2024 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
13.验证主从复制状态
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
具体效果展示
[root@centos7mage ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
---------------------------------------------------------------
故障问题实例-解决
---------------------------------------------------------------
Sun Apr 14 22:45:14 2024 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/Server.pm, ln398] 10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:3306): User nwq does not exist or does not have REPLICATION SLAVE privilege! Other slaves can not start replication from this host.
Sun Apr 14 22:45:14 2024 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln427] Error happened on checking configurations. at /usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/ServerManager.pm line 1403.
Sun Apr 14 22:45:14 2024 - [error][/usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln525] Error happened on monitoring servers.
Sun Apr 14 22:45:14 2024 - [info] Got exit code 1 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is NOT OK!
问题：从库1 从库2 那边没有mysql主从的账户，nwq不在从库1 从库2上，因此无法连接
解决：
msyql -uroot -pmysql
select user, host from mysql.user;
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user | host |
+---------------+-----------+
| mha | % |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
stop slave;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'nwq'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Hello123';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
start slave;
show slave status\G;
另一台也是如此配置
----------------------------------------------------------------
Sun Apr 14 22:58:00 2024 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:00 2024 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:00 2024 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:00 2024 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.58.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Dead Servers:
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Alive Servers:
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] 10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] 10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] 10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] 10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:3306) Version=5.7.29-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Replicating from 10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] 10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:3306) Version=5.7.29-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Replicating from 10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Current Alive Master: 10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is not supported
Sun Apr 14 22:58:01 2024 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Checking MHA Node version..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Version check ok.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 10.0.1.154 is reachable.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Master MHA Node version is 0.58.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Checking recovery script configurations on 10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:3306)..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/data/mysql --output_file=/data/mha/app1//save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.58 --start_file=mysql-bin.000005
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Connecting to root@10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:22)..
Creating /data/mha/app1 if not exists.. ok.
Checking output directory is accessible or not..
ok.
Binlog found at /data/mysql, up to mysql-bin.000005
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Binlog setting check done.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication and checking recovery script configurations on all alive slave servers..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha' --slave_host=10.0.1.155 --slave_ip=10.0.1.155 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/data/mha/app1/ --target_version=5.7.29-log --manager_version=0.58 --relay_log_info=/data/mysql/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/data/mysql/ --slave_pass=xxx
Sun Apr 14 22:58:22 2024 - [info] Connecting to root@10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /data/mysql/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /data/mysql, up to centos7mage-relay-bin.000018
Temporary relay log file is /data/mysql/centos7mage-relay-bin.000018
Checking if super_read_only is defined and turned on.. not present or turned off, ignoring.
Testing mysql connection and privileges..
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mha' --slave_host=10.0.1.156 --slave_ip=10.0.1.156 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/data/mha/app1/ --target_version=5.7.29-log --manager_version=0.58 --relay_log_info=/data/mysql/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/data/mysql/ --slave_pass=xxx
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Connecting to root@10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:22)..
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /data/mysql/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /data/mysql, up to centos7mage-relay-bin.000018
Temporary relay log file is /data/mysql/centos7mage-relay-bin.000018
Checking if super_read_only is defined and turned on.. not present or turned off, ignoring.
Testing mysql connection and privileges..
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Slaves settings check done.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info]
10.0.1.154(10.0.1.154:3306) (current master)
+--10.0.1.155(10.0.1.155:3306)
+--10.0.1.156(10.0.1.156:3306)
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Checking replication health on 10.0.1.155..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] ok.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Checking replication health on 10.0.1.156..
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] ok.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=10.0.1.154 --orig_master_ip=10.0.1.154 --orig_master_port=3306
Checking the Status of the script.. OK
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] OK.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Sun Apr 14 22:58:23 2024 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
14.开启MHA（从2）
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null> /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
具体状态
[root@centos7mage ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null> /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
[1] 12450
[root@centos7mage ~]# ps aux |grep mha
root 12450 0.8 2.2 299648 21980 pts/0 S 10:31 0:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover
root 12556 0.0 0.0 112812 980 pts/0 R+ 10:32 0:00 grep --color=auto mha
15.启动MHA
#启动mha，默认是前台执行，生产环境一般是后台执行
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null> /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
#测试环境：看状态可执行下面这条命令
masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --
remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover
#如果想停止mha，可执行下面命令
master_stop --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
#查看状态
masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
#查看mha工作状态日志（要mha启动才可以有，不启动没有的）
tail -f /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log
16.测试
需求：因不可抗力原因，主库数据库掉线，
目的：实现从库2自动认主从库1为主节点，并且vip10.0.1.100切换到从库1上
模拟主库1断掉
service mysqld stop
从库2状态：
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.1.155
Master_User: nwq
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_File: centos7mage-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
Relay_Log_Space: 912
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 11
Master_UUID: 919ffd5e-fa24-11ee-854a-000c2924ffe2
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
从库1状态：
[root@centos7mage ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:89:15:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.1.155/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 10.0.1.100/24 brd 10.0.1.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe89:15ce/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
----------------------------------------------------------------
主库my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
log-bin = mysql-bin #开启binlog日志
server-id=1 #默认为1 不能一样
skip_name_resolve=1
general_log
#read-only=0 #1代表只读，0代表读写
#binlog-ignore-db=mysql #忽略的数据库 指不需要同步的数据库
binlog_format=mixed #设定MySQL二进制日志记录事务的方式，此处采用智能混合格式，根据事务特性自动选择最优方
式。
expire_logs_days=10 #设置MySQL二进制日志文件在10天后自动清除，以释放存储空间。
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
从库1：my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=11
read_only
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1
general_log
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
从库2：my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
log-error=/data/mysql/mysql.log
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=13
read_only
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1
general_log
[client]
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
从库2：master_ip_failover
#!/usr/bin/env perl
# Copyright (C) 2011 DeNA Co.,Ltd.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
## Note: This is a sample script and is not complete. Modify the script based on your environment.
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
use MHA::DBHelper;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host,
$orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host,
$new_master_ip, $new_master_port, $new_master_user,
$new_master_password
);
my $vip = '10.0.1.100/24';
my $key = "1";
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key down";
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
'new_master_user=s' => \$new_master_user,
'new_master_password=s' => \$new_master_password,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# invalidate orig_master_ip here.
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
# updating global catalog, etc
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
# all arguments are passed.
# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,
# activate new_master_ip here.
# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
从库2：sendmail.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
#********************************************************************
#Author: nwq
#QQ: 3078499367
#Date: 2024-06-17
#FileName： /usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
#URL: http://www.sansi.fun
#Description： The test script
#Copyright (C): 2024 All rights reserved
#********************************************************************
echo "MHA is failover" |mail -s "MHA异常警告" 15178374440@163.com
从库2：app1.cnf
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/mha/app1/manager.log
manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/app1
master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql
remote_workdir=/data/mha/app1/
ssh_user=root
user=mha
password=mha
ping_interval=2
repl_password=Hello123
repl_user=nwq
ssh_user=root
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
report_script=/usr/local/bin/sendmail.sh
check_repl_delay=0
[server1]
hostname=10.0.1.154
candidate_master=1
port=3306
[server2]
hostname=10.0.1.155
candidate_master=1
port=3306
[server3]
hostname=10.0.1.156
port=3306
EOF
----------------------------------------------------------------
5.数据库架构延伸 实施读写分离 一个主库负责写 一个从库负责读取
MyCat简介
MyCat是一个开源的分布式数据库中间件，主要用于解决大规模数据存储和处理的问题。它可以将多个MySQL数据库实例组成一个分布式数据库集群，实现读写分离、分库分表等功能，从而提升整个系统的性能和扩展性。
概念
- MyCat扮演着数据库代理的角色，应用程序不再直接连接MySQL服务器，而是通过MyCat进行交互。MyCat负责管理和调度后端MySQL数据库资源，隐藏了复杂的数据库分布和负载均衡策略。
特点
1. **水平扩展**：通过分片技术（sharding），MyCat可以将大量数据分布到多个MySQL服务器上，实现数据的水平扩展。
2. **读写分离**：支持主从复制，自动将读请求路由到从库，减轻主库的压力，提高并发读取性能。
3. **高可用**：能够在主库故障时自动切换到备库，保持业务连续性。
4. **SQL支持**：支持丰富的SQL查询和事务处理，兼容MySQL的大部分功能，提供统一的数据视图。
缺点
1. **复杂度增加**：引入MyCat后，数据库架构更为复杂，运维和管理成本提高，对于小规模应用场景可能得不偿失。
2. **定制化限制**：虽然MyCat支持很多MySQL的功能，但并不能保证完全兼容MySQL的所有特性，尤其是较新的特性或高级SQL功能可能存在不足。
3. **额外延迟**：由于MyCat作为中间层，会引入一定网络传输和处理时间，对于低延迟要求极高的场景可能会受到影响。
应用场景
- **大数据量**：当单个MySQL实例无法满足数据存储需求时，可以通过MyCat进行分库分表，实现海量数据存储和高效查询。
- **高并发读写**：在网站、电商、社交应用等高并发场景下，利用MyCat实现读写分离和负载均衡，提高系统吞吐量。
- **高可用要求**：对数据可用性和灾备有较高要求的业务场景，可通过MyCat实现多主多从、故障转移等机制，保障业务稳定运行。
#步骤
环境：虚拟机
10.0.1.164 mycat服务器
10.0.1.165 master（写）
10.0.1.166 slave（读）
或者
10.0.1.164 mycat+master（写）
10.0.1.165 slave1（读）
10.0.1.166 slave2（读）
----------------------------------------------------------------
前期准备---配置一主一从或一主二从或一主多从
----------------------------------------------------------------
1 修改master和slave上的配置文件
#master上的my.cnf
[root@centos7~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
log-bin
#slave上的my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
[root@centos7~]#service mysqld restart
2 Master上创建复制用户
[root@centos7~]#mysql -uroot -pmysql
MariaDB [(none)]>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'nwq'@'10.0.0.%'
IDENTIFIED BY 'Hello123';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
|mariadb-bin.000001| 403 | | |
|
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+----------------
---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3 Slave上执行
[root@centos7~]#mysql -uroot -pmysql
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.%',
-> MASTER_USER='nwq',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='Hello123',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=403;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.18
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 439
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 689
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
...省略..,
----------------------------------------------------------------
官方文档：https://www.yuque.com/ccazhw/ml3nkf/fbcdeaad5384da0ab43a326251fb18ae
1关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
时间同步
2.安装jdk
yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -y
#如果yum源有的话，也可以用yum安装
JDK8: 链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sQhSR5GgmxB3STpihOqCAw 提取码: 0b6l
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1vVXfDwyaI8-P12-eYrzP4w?pwd=1122 提取码: 1122
3.上传或下载mycat
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1NoVIjHV9ivPm6tzZqckbdw?pwd=1122 提取码: 1122
4.解压启动mycat
#解压到指定目录（或者随意）
mkdir -p /apps
tar zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz
#配置环境变量
echo 'PATH=/apps/mycat/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
#启动mycat
mycat stop 停止
mycat start 启动
mycat restart 重启
#启动日志状态
cd /apps/mycat/logs
tail -f wrapper.log
#代表启动成功
tips：INFO | jvm 1 | 2024/04/15 18:55:38 | MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log
#查看端口号
ss -tulpn
netstat -tulpn
#测试mycat是否可以登录（可用任何客户机连接测试）
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.1.164 -P8066
#主库建立mycat账户并授权（打通主库和mycat服务器的连接）
mysql> create user admin@'10.0.1.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to admin@'10.0.1.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
5.在mycat 服务器上修改server.xml文件配置Mycat的连接信息
---------------------------------------------------------------
可修改的地方(按自己需求改)
---------------------------------------------------------------
vim /apps/mycat/conf/server.xml
root@centos8 ~]#vim /apps/mycat/conf/server.xml
...省略...
#修改下面行的8066改为3306复制到到独立非注释行（只适合mycat独占一个服务器，或者改其他端口，不然端口会冲突）
<property name="serverPort">3306</property>
<property name="handlelDistributedTransactions">0</property> #将上面行放在此行前面
#或者删除注释,并修改下面行的8066改为3306
<property name="serverPort">3306</property>
<property name="managerPort">9066</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property>
<property name="authTimeout">15000</property>
<property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="dataNodeIdleCheckPeriod">300000</property> #5 * 60 * 1000L; //连接空闲检查 删除#后面此部分
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property
name="processors">32</property> #--> 删除#后面此部分
.....
<user name="root"> #连接Mycat的用户名
<property name="password">magedu</property> #连接Mycat的密码
<property name="schemas">TESTDB</property> #数据库名要和schema.xml相对应
</user>
</mycat:server>
----------------------------------------------------------------
##配置server.xml
vim server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
<property name="sequnceHandlerType">2</property>
<!-- <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
<!-- <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
<property name="processorBufferChunk">5012</property>
<property name="processors">16</property>
<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>
<!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena-->
<property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
<!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
<!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
<!--<property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property>-->
<!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
<!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
<!--
<property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
<!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
<property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>
<!--
off heap for merge/order/group/limit 1开启 0关闭
-->
<property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property>
<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="memoryPageSize">1m</property>
<!--
单位为k
-->
<property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>
<property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>
<!--
单位为m
-->
<property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>
<!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换 -->
<property name="useZKSwitch">true</property>
</system>
<!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
<!--
<firewall>
<whitehost>
<host host="127.0.0.1" user="mycat"/>
<host host="127.0.0.2" user="mycat"/>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="false">
</blacklist>
</firewall>
-->
<user name="admin"> #客户端连接mycat的账户
<property name="password">123456</property> #客户端连接mycat的密码
<property name="schemas">zhangsan,gpsdb2020</property>
</user> #这里的数据库可以指定具体那个，也可以默认mycat虚拟逻辑数据库
</mycat:server>
5.修改schema.xml实现读写分离策略
cd /apps/mycat/conf
##配置schema.xml
vim schema.xml
#最终文件内容
[root@mycat ~]#cat /apps/mycat/conf/schema.xml
[root@centos7mage conf]# cat schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="gpsdb2020" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1"></schema>
<schema name="zhangsan" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn2"></schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="gpsdb2020" />
<dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="zhangsan" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="500" minCon="20" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="master" url="10.0.1.164:3306" user="admin" password="123456">
<readHost host="slave" url="10.0.1.165:3306" user="admin" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
#tips:读写分离的账号和密码，这里你可以在master上创建一个，也可以用主从复制的账号都可以，这里我自己测试的都可以
#重新启动mycat
[root@centos8 ~]#mycat restart
6.在后端主服务器创建用户并对mycat授权
[root@centos8 ~]#mysql -uroot -p
mysql> create database mycat;
mysql>GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'admin'@'10.0.0.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' ;
mysql> flush privileges;
#tips:读写分离的账号和密码，这里你可以在master上创建一个，也可以用主从复制的账号都可以，这里我自己测试的都可以
7.在Mycat服务器上连接并测试
[root@centos7mage local]# mysql -uadmin -p123456 -h 10.0.1.164 -P8066
mysql> show databases;
+-----------+
| DATABASE |
+-----------+
| gpsdb2020 |
| zhangsan |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#由于我们在配置文件指定了这个两个数据库，所以显示的就是这两个数据库，但是我们也可以用默认mycat的虚拟逻辑数据库（TESTDB），如果你没有这两个数据库的话，可以去创建一下-----|||create database zhangsan;create database gpsdb2020;
8.测试mycat读写分离
读---10.0.1.165
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=11
写---10.0.1.164
log-bin = mysql-bin
server-id=1
在任意一台客户端上连接mycat进行操作
mysql -uadmin -p123456 -h 10.0.1.164 -P8066
读操作----返回10.0.1.165的serverid为11，如果是11，即为成功
#select @@server_id;
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 11 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
写操作----返回10.0.1.164的serverid为1，如果是1，即为成功
#begin;select @@server_id;commit;
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 1 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
9.通过通用日志确认实现读写分离
在mysql中查看通用日志
show variables like 'general_log'; #查看日志是否开启
set global general_log=on; #开启日志功能
show variables like 'general_log_file'; #查看日志文件保存位置
set global general_log_file='tmp/general.log'; #设置日志文件保存位置
在主和从服务器分别启用通用日志，查看读写分离
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
general_log=ON
[root@centos8 ~]#service mysqld restart
[root@centos8 ~]#tail -f /var/lib/mysql/centos8.log
10.停止从节点，MyCAT自动调度读请求至主节点
[root@slave ~]#service mysqld stop
[root@client ~]#mysql -uadmin -p123456 -h10.0.1.164 -P8066
MySQL [(none)]> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 1 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>
#停止主节点，MyCAT不会自动调度写请求至从节点
MySQL [TESTDB]> insert teachers values(5,'wang',30,'M');
ERROR 1184 (HY000): java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
11.MyCAT对后端服务器的健康性检查方法select user()
#开启通用日志
[root@master ~]#mysql
mysql> set global general_log=1;
[root@slave ~]#mysql
mysql> set global general_log=1;
#查看通用日志
[root@master ~]#tail -f /data/mysql/master.log
/usr/libexec/mysqld, Version: 8.0.17 (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
2021-02-22T08:52:57.086198Z 17 Query select user()
2021-02-22T08:53:07.086340Z 24 Query select user()
2021-02-22T08:53:17.086095Z 16 Query select user()
2021-02-22T08:53:27.086629Z 18 Query select user()
[root@slave ~]#tail -f /data/mysql/slave.log
/usr/libexec/mysqld, Version: 8.0.17 (Source distribution). started with:
Tcp port: 3306 Unix socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Time Id Command Argument
2021-02-22T08:46:01.437376Z 10 Query select user()
2021-02-22T08:46:11.438172Z 11 Query select user()
2021-02-22T08:46:21.437458Z 12 Query select user()
2021-02-22T08:46:31.437742Z 13 Query select user()
6.给开发建立一个用户kf 密码Hello88 授权只能select读取权限
#创建用户kf--密码Hello88
create user 'kf'@'%' indentified by 'Hello88';
#授予select权限
grant select on HRM.* to 'kf'@'%';
#刷新配置
flush privileges;
7.数据库备份命令：
mysqldump -u root -pHello88 HRM > HRM_backup.sql
8 写一个脚本数据库备份脚本 夜里2点执行
#步骤
#!/bin/bash
#备份数据库
user=nwq
password=Hello123
datatime= date '+%Y-%m-%d_%T'
echo "数据库备份时间...........$datatime">>/data/backup/mnt/back.log
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -u$user -p$password hellodb |gzip > /data/backup/${datatime}_hellodb.gz 2>/dev/null
echo "数据库结束时间...........$datatime">>/data/backup/mnt/back.log
需求：每天晚上夜里00点执行数据库备份
可结合定时任务（每天夜里00点执行备份数据库）
crontab -e
0 0 * * * /bin/bash /data/backup/mysqlbf.sh >/dev/null 2>&1
##不知道自己的msyqldump命令在哪个位置的话，可以用which mysqldump
项目经历
项目方案 3：Mysql 读写分离架构实施项目背景： （这个项目会出现到你的简历上）重点实战
公司业务随着用户不断增加,数据库无法抗住大并发，经常会造成 mysql 锁表情况发生，为了更好提升用户的体验，对数据库架构进行调整
项目实施：
1、在原有的 mysql 主从架构基础，进行调整。
2、新增服务器一台安装 mycat，进行读写分离配置
3、测试环境测试没有问题时候，在业务量低谷的时候，修改代码连接 mycat
4、实现业务读写分离项目结果：
好处：增加数据库服务器，压力随之分摊到几个服务器中，减小数据库压力通过读写分离架构实施，解决用户量大造成数据库有压力问题，业务效率大大提高
坏处：硬件成本大 数据库主从问题哈希一致性问题 单点故障问题
